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The Impact of Social Inequalities on the Oral Health of Vulnerable Populations

A Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601) belonging to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2027 | Viewed by 483

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil
Interests: adults; elderly people; oral health; epidemiology; biostatistics; epidemiological surveys; quality of life; workers

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Guest Editor
Department of Health I, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié 45204-111, Brazil
Interests: oral health; epidemiology; epidemiological surveys; public health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Health inequity presents a persistent global challenge, manifesting as systematic and avoidable disparities in health across different population groups. Within the context of oral health, these inequities are particularly stark, reflecting the profound impact of social, economic, and environmental determinants on the most vulnerable populations. It is crucial to recognize that oral health is not isolated from general health; it is an intrinsic and crucial component of overall well-being. The lack of equitable access to preventive and treatment dental services perpetuates a vicious cycle of severe oral diseases, which are intrinsically linked to and can exacerbate systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and pregnancy complications, thereby intensifying the disease burden on vulnerable populations. The impact extends beyond the clinical sphere, compromising nutrition, employability, self-esteem, and overall quality of life. We therefore invite the submission of articles that critically explore the roots, manifestations, and mitigation strategies of oral health inequities, highlighting their crucial relationship with general health, contributing to the advancement of science and the formulation of more just and effective international public policies.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Epidemiology of Oral Health Inequities: Studies on the distribution, magnitude, and trends of oral diseases in vulnerable populations.
  • Impact of Social Determinants: Analysis of the influence of poverty, health literacy, education, racism, and housing policies on oral health access and outcomes.
  • Oral Health–General Health Interconnection: Research detailing the causal relationship and integrated management of systemic diseases and oral conditions in inequity settings.
  • Policy and Program Evaluation: Effectiveness and equity of interventions, service delivery models, and public policies aimed at reducing disparities.
  • Research Methods and Ethics: Innovative study designs, qualitative approaches, and ethical issues in research involving vulnerable populations.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Marília Jesus Batista
Dr. Manoelito Ferreira Silva-Junior
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • health inequities
  • oral health
  • vulnerable populations
  • social determinants of health
  • health status
  • health services
  • epidemiology
  • health literacy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2177 KB  
Article
Association Between Nutritional Status, Body Mass Index, and Oral Health Among Older Adults in Primary Health Care
by Cleomar Ana de Souza Valentim, Ademir Alves de Melo, Thiago Costa Florentino, André Silva Valentim and Marília Jesus Batista
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(9), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23091205 - 11 Sep 2026
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to analyze factors associated with body mass index and nutritional status, including oral health, among older adults in Primary Health Care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years, selected from five Health Units [...] Read more.
Objective: We aimed to analyze factors associated with body mass index and nutritional status, including oral health, among older adults in Primary Health Care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years, selected from five Health Units in a Brazilian city. A questionnaire was applied to collect the following data: sociodemographic data, anthropometric status assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) (weight and height), oral health (number of teeth and self-perceived chewing ability: good, fair, or poor), cognition assessed using the 10-Point Cognitive Screener (10-CS), nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), health literacy using the 14-item Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14), sarcopenia risk using the SARC-F questionnaire plus calf circumference (SARC-F + CC), and frailty using the Clinical Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (CFVI-20). The outcomes were Body Mass Index (BMI)-defined anthropometric status, dichotomized as non-excess weight (underweight/normal weight) vs. excess weight (overweight/obese), and nutritional status assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), dichotomized into normal nutritional status vs. nutritional risk or malnutrition. Descriptive, bivariate (Chi-square test), and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were performed for each outcome (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 211 older adults participated in the study. The sample was 72% female, with a mean age of 70.41 (±7.45) years. In the adjusted regression analysis, the use of four or more medications (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.08–4.17), sedentary behavior (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.58–6.04), and absence of sarcopenia risk (OR = 4.99; 95% CI: 2.02–12.34) were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity. Conversely, usual attendance at the neighborhood PHC unit (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07–0.72) and possible cognitive impairment (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.08–0.98) were inversely associated with overweight/obesity. Nutritional risk or malnutrition was associated with edentulism (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.05–4.23), poor chewing ability (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.06–5.82), fair chewing ability (OR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.29–6.47), and the presence of feelings of discouragement, sadness, or hopelessness (OR = 3.52; 95% CI: 1.78–6.96). Among participants with overweight/obesity, 28.4% were also classified as being at nutritional risk or malnourished according to the MNA. Conclusions: Among older adults in Primary Health Care, nutritional risk or malnutrition was associated with oral health and psychosocial characteristics, whereas overweight/obesity was associated with distinct clinical, healthcare-use, behavioral, cognitive, and functional characteristics, even after adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, functional, and psychosocial characteristics. These findings support the importance of comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment and care to address the heterogeneous and coexisting nutritional challenges of aging. Full article
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