Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Recent Advances in Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Dear Colleagues,

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal, hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by improper differentiation and maturation of bone marrow cells, peripheral blood cytopenia and an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. An aging population, as well as patients surviving their first cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy/radiation treatment, contribute to the increasing incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes. Although myelodysplastic syndromes belong to the most common blood malignancies, their epidemiology is still not well characterised and diagnosis remains challenging. Recently, molecular results have shed light on biology, prognosis and myelodysplastic syndromes treatment. Current research also encompasses pre-myelodysplastic syndromes entities such as CHIP (clonal hematopoiesis of indetermined prognosis) and CCUS (clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance)—characterized by clonal mutations without overt dysplasia, myelodysplastic syndromes coexisting conditions, including cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and VEXAS syndrome.

The aim of this Special Issue is to address key current aspects of myelodysplastic syndromes, including epidemiology, disease biology, clinical features, prognostic tools and evolving treatment strategies for both lower-risk and higher-risk disease.

Dr. Krzysztof Mądry
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Germing
Dr. Rafal Machowicz
Guest Editors

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