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Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 13599

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gan Zhang

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: permanent magnet machine; servo motor; fault-tolerant control; electric vehicle; electric machine theory

Dr. Hao Hua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 12474, China
Interests: permanent magnet machine; fault-tolerant drive systems; switched reluctance machine; electric vehicle; renewable energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors”. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems are essential in safety-critical and high-cost applications such as aerospace, robotics, numerically controlled machine tools, and electric vehicles.

This Special Issue will cover a wide range of emerging developments for PMSM systems, including innovative machine structures, fault diagnosis approaches, advanced control methods, etc. Moreover, electric machine theory and magnetic field modulation theory are also interesting topics. All methodologies and techniques related to PMSMs and their controls are welcome.

Dr. Gan Zhang
Dr. Hao Hua
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

novel PMSM structures
advanced PMSM control strategies
electric machine theory and analysis methods
servo motor
high-precision control
magnetic field modulation
winding theory
system-level optimization on drive systems
innovative design methodology
fault diagnosis
tolerance algorithm
linear PMSM technology

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1737 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control for Linear Motor Traction Systems with Prescribed Performance

by Chunguang Yang, Guanyang Hu, Qichao Song, Yachao Wang and Weilin Yang

Energies 2024, 17(4), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040952 - 18 Feb 2024

Viewed by 458

Abstract

In this research, we propose a fixed-time sliding mode controller using a prescribed performance control approach to address the speed tracking problem in linear motor traction systems, which are powered by high-power permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs). Initially, to tackle the issue of the convergence time and dynamic response associated with traditional finite-time sliding mode controllers, we introduce a fixed-time sliding mode controller. This controller guarantees that the system state converges to the origin within a specified upper time limit. Subsequently, to enhance the dynamic response of the PMLSM and minimize speed errors, we integrate the prescribed performance control strategy with a fixed-time sliding mode controller. This effectively limits the motor’s speed error within the predefined function boundaries, reduces system overshoo, and mitigates system jitter to a certain degree. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate that the proposed control strategy significantly enhances precision of speed tracking in PMLSMs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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20 pages, 3210 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Resistance Connection Diagnosis of Doubly Fed Induction Generators

by Wei Ding, Yulong Jin, Xijin Wu, Yufeng Yang and Yongjiang Jiang

Energies 2023, 16(22), 7516; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227516 - 09 Nov 2023

Viewed by 506

Abstract

The high resistance connection fault of the stator is a common fault in doubly fed induction generators, which causes a three-phase imbalance in the stator circuit. Since the stator winding is directly connected to the power grid, interference from the asymmetric power grid must be eliminated in order to achieve the accurate diagnosis of stator resistance imbalance faults. Therefore, a new diagnosis method based on filter shunt capacitor banks is proposed in this paper. By introducing shunt capacitor banks, an artificial neutral point is constructed to replace the neutral point of the power grid. Then, the neutral point voltage of the stator winding relative to the artificial neutral point is selected as a fault characteristic signal. In this paper, the change in three-phase stator currents after a high-resistance connection fault is analyzed in detail, and by comparing the fault characteristic signal with three-phase stator currents, the fault phase location and fault severity of high-resistance connection can be accurately obtained. Finally, simulations are carried out via the field-circuit coupling method to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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14 pages, 6474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parameter-Free Model Predictive Current Control for PMSM Based on Current Variation Estimation without Position Sensor

by Laiwu Luo, Feng Yu, Lei Ren and Cheng Lu

Energies 2023, 16(19), 6792; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16196792 - 24 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 819

Abstract

To remove parameter dependence in existing sensorless control strategies, a parameter-free model predictive current control is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor without any position sensor. First, the current variation during one sampling period is analyzed and divided into two elements: natural attenuation and forced response. Second, recursive least squares algorithm is utilized to estimate the future current variation so that the model predictive current control can be successfully executed paying no attention to motor parameters. Meanwhile, the position information is obtained by the arc tangent function according to the estimated forced response of current variation. At last, experimental results verify that the estimation errors of rotor position are reduced to around 0.1 rad with smaller current prediction error even at low speed where no motor parameters are required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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16 pages, 20416 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analysis of Torque Ripple in V-Shape Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Based on General Airgap Field Modulation Theory

by Jiawei Zhou, Ming Cheng, Wenfei Yu and Wei Hua

Energies 2023, 16(12), 4586; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124586 - 08 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 806

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel torque ripple model of V-Shape interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine based on the general field modulation theory (GAFMT). Firstly, the magnetic field modulation behavior of a 12-stator-slot/8-rotor-pole (12/8) IPM machine is discussed, where the expressions of permanent-magnet-excited (PM-excited) and armature fields are derived. Secondly, the total torque ripple is divided into three components, namely, the PM-excited cogging torque, the armature cogging torque, and the modulation torque ripple. Additionally, the relationship between the field harmonics and the torque ripple is discussed based on the GAFMT. Then, a finite element analysis (FEA)-assisted dual fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method is proposed to obtain the accurate value of the field amplitude for torque ripple calculation. The field analysis results based on the GAFMT and the proposed torque ripple are then validated by comparing their results with those obtained from the FEA simulations, and a good agreement is observed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the field analysis and the proposed torque ripple model. Finally, experiments on a prototype 12/8 IPM machine demonstrate the validity of the torque ripple model, providing an effective method for torque ripple suppression of IPM machines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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13 pages, 10213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Stator Core Seams on No-Load Performance of Module-Combined Stator Permanent Magnet Motor and Its Weakening Method

by Shaonan Sun, Guihong Feng, Yan Li and Bingyi Zhang

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4126; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104126 - 16 May 2023

Viewed by 691

Abstract

In this paper, a module-combined stator is proposed, which is used for large and ultra-low-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors, and the influence of stator core seams on the no-load performance is studied. A method is proposed to weaken the negative influence of stator iron core seams on the no-load performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Firstly, the magnetic circuit model of the motor considering the stator iron core seams was deduced theoretically, and the selection principle of stator core seam number was given a description. The influence of different seam parameters on the no-load performance and the influence of different pole-slot fits and the number of parallel branches on the no-load performance are analyzed. The proposed structure of the stator iron core, which can weaken the influence of stator iron core seams on the no-load performance of the motor, is proposed. Using analysis and simulation experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed stator iron core structures in weakening the negative influence of the stator iron core seams on the no-load performance was verified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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18 pages, 3811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interturn Short Fault Detection and Location of Permanent Magnet Wind Generator Based on Negative Sequence Current Residuals

by Tonghua Wu, Shouguo Cai, Wei Dai, Ying Zhu, Xiaobao Liu and Xindong Li

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9441; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249441 - 13 Dec 2022

Viewed by 827

Abstract

This article proposes a model-based method for the detection and phase location of interturn short fault (ISF) in the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The simplified mathematical model of PMSG with ISF on dq-axis is established to analyze the fault signature. The current residuals are accurately estimated through Luenberger observer based on the expanded mathematical model of PMSG. In current residuals, the second harmonics are extracted using negative sequence park transform and angular integral filtering to construct the fault detection index. In addition, the unbalance characteristics of three-phase current after ISF can reflect the location of the fault phase, based on which the location indexes are defined. Simulation results for various operating and fault severity conditions primarily validate the effectiveness and robustness of diagnosis method in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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17 pages, 4040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Control of the Diesel–Electric Propulsion in a Ship with PMSM

by Zenon Zwierzewicz, Dariusz Tarnapowicz, Sergey German-Galkin and Marek Jaskiewicz

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9390; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249390 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1527

Abstract

The article presents and compares two different control methods for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for diesel–electric ship propulsion. The main focus of the article is on control optimization, which allows improving energy efficiency by reducing reactive power in the mechatronic propulsion system. The first method consists in modifying the commonly used field-oriented control (FOC) strategy to ensure zero reactive power in the inverter–PMSM system. Since a characteristic of ship propulsion systems, unlike those used on land, is the step load on the propulsion motor, the system’s performance in dynamic states is particularly important. Unfortunately, control strategies based on FOC do not take into account the dynamics of the system, since they apply only to steady states. Therefore, the authors of this paper, based on control theory methods, proposed an approach that also optimizes control in dynamic states, while minimizing reactive power in the steady state. The analytical studies were confirmed in simulation studies using the MATLAB Simulink package. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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18 pages, 17302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Model Approach to the YASA Machine for In-Wheel Traction Applications

by Guangchen Wang, Yingjie Wang, Yuan Gao, Wei Hua, Qinan Ni and Hengliang Zhang

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5431; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155431 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1832

Abstract

The axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology are suitable for in-wheel traction systems due to the high power density and efficiency. To guarantee the reliable operation of the YASA machines, an accurate thermal analysis should be undertaken in detail during the electrical machine design phase. The technical contribution of this paper is to establish a detailed thermal analysis model of the YASA machine by the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) method. Compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and the finite element (FE) method, the LPTN method can obtain an accurate temperature distribution with low time consumption. Firstly, the LPTN model of each component of the YASA machine is constructed with technical details. Secondly, the losses of the YASA machine are obtained by the electromagnetic FE analysis. Then, the temperature distribution of the machine can be calculated by the LPTN model and loss information. Finally, a prototype of the YASA machine is manufactured and its temperature distribution under different operating conditions is tested by TT-K-30 thermocouple temperature sensors. The experimental data matches the LPTN results well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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15 pages, 6248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Robust Design Approach for Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines

by Gan Zhang, Qing Tong, Anjian Qiu, Xiaohan Xu, Wei Hua and Zhihong Chen

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2194; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062194 - 17 Mar 2022

Viewed by 1219

Abstract

Parameter sensitivity analysis is usually required to select the key parameters with high sensitivity to the optimal goal before the optimization is carried out, especially for flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines where lot of design parameters should be considered. Unlike the traditional studies on parameter sensitivity, which are generally experience- or statistics-based, and are time-consuming, this paper proposes a parameter sensitivity analysis method of a FSPM machine based on a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC), which enables the parameters’ sensitivities to be evaluated by their exponential in the nondimensionalized equations, thus providing a fast and accurate way to obtain the parameter sensitivities. Thereafter, the influences of modular manufacturing methods on magnetic performances are discussed, and the robust design approach for the FSPM machine is introduced, which aims to achieve the best machine stability and robustness by setting boundaries on design dimensions when taking into account the manufacturing tolerances. Experimental validations are also presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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16 pages, 7602 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Equivalent Circuit and Optimization Method of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Concentrated Windings

by Gan Zhang, Jinxin Tao, Yifan Li, Wei Hua, Xiaohan Xu and Zhihong Chen

Energies 2022, 15(5), 1735; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051735 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1805

Abstract

In this paper, the 12-slot/4-pole (12/4) synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) with concentrated windings is proposed for low-cost hybrid vehicles. The non-linear magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model of the 12/4 SynRM is built to obtain the main electromagnetic characteristics such as coil flux, inductances, torque, etc. The magnetic saturation is also counted in by the MEC. Results calculated by MEC are validated by 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Then, aiming at larger average torque, lower torque ripple and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) in phase voltage, the parameter optimization method of the SynRM is proposed based on the Taguchi method and the MEC model. The proposed Taguchi-MEC method enables a fast optimization with satisfactory accuracy. Finally, the motor prototype is manufactured, and experimental validations are carried out. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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15 pages, 12529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design, Analysis, and Optimization of Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines Considering Rotor Losses

by Wenjie Wu, Liang Xu and Bin Liu

Energies 2022, 15(4), 1502; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041502 - 17 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1599

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is the design, analysis, and optimization of a new structure of a permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) with a high torque density and low rotor losses. First, the modulation principle and topology of this PMVM is introduced. Then, its average torque and rotor loss are enhanced and reduced by optimizing the flux modulation poles distribution. For the sake of further reducing the rotor losses on the premise of maintaining the torque density, the contribution of the air gap flux density harmonics to the rotor loss is analyzed. Then, a new topological structure of a rotor with a flux barrier is introduced to reduce the rotor losses due to the decrease of each harmful harmonic. Through the analysis of the structure of the PMVM with the flux barrier, the influence of the parameters on the performance is built. After that, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize the PMVM so as to obtain the optimal performance. Moreover, the electromagnetic performance comparison between the newly proposed machine and the original one is presented to indicate that lower rotor losses can be obtained by the proposed machine when the torque is ensured. Finally, a prototype of proposed PMVM is built and further tested to verify the validities of the theoretical and finite-element analyses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structures, Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors)

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