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Applications of Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Electronic Tongue (E-Tongue) in...
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Applications of Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Electronic Tongue (E-Tongue) in Food Quality: 2nd Edition

A Special Issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040) belonging to the section "Applied Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 2529

Editor

Dr. Celia García-Hernández

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BioEcoUVa, Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors inspired in nanomaterials; (bio)electronic tongues applied in food analysis; thin films and nanotechnology: langmuir, layer-by-layer, spincoating; electrodeposition of coatings; corrosion and mechanical properties of materials of industrial interest
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concepts of electronic tongues (e-tongues) and electronic noses (e-noses) have developed rapidly in recent years due to their vast potential. They are based on electrochemical sensors combined with multivariate data analysis. The development of new analytical methods to characterize food is of vital importance for improving current quality and safety control systems. E-tongues and e-noses are holistic systems that provide global and qualitative information about samples. However, if the data matrix obtained by such multisensor systems is analyzed with adequate chemometric processing tools, descriptive or predictive information about specific parameters can also be extracted. Moreover, biosensors have been successfully implemented in these systems to develop bioelectronic devices. The electrochemical sensors used in these systems must incorporate appropriate electroactive and/or sensing materials that can interact with compounds of interest in the food industry. Some candidates for this task include conducting polymers, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and/or enzymes. In this context, nanotechnology can play an important role in manufacturing nanostructured sensors through various surface modification techniques.

This Special Issue focuses on recent research activities in the field of electronic tongues and noses for food analysis. Authors are encouraged to submit suitable articles/reviews addressing innovations in the field of electrochemical sensors/biosensors; novel electronic devices for food quality control; lab-on-chip devices; microsystems for food analysis; new electrocatalytic materials for sensing units; advanced fabrication processes based on nanotechnology; and in situ systems for food quality control, among other applications in foodstuff analysis.

Dr. Celia García-Hernández
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electronic tongues
  • electronic noses
  • food analysis
  • food quality and safety
  • electrochemical sensors
  • electrochemical biosensors
  • nanostructured sensors for food analysis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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18 pages, 4513 KB  
Article
Development and Analytical Assessment of an Electronic Nose Method for the Chemometric Discrimination of Cistus spp. Extracts
by Ismael Montero Fernández, Mario Figueras Corrochano, Víctor Manrique Fernández, Selvin Antonio Saravia Maldonado and Daniel Martín-Vertedor
Chemosensors 2026, 14(9), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14090197 - 29 Aug 2026
Viewed by 290
Abstract
The characterization of plant-derived extracts is strongly influenced by the extraction procedure and solvent polarity, which determine the recovery of bioactive compounds and volatile constituents. In this study, an electronic nose (E-nose) based on a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor array was evaluated [...] Read more.
The characterization of plant-derived extracts is strongly influenced by the extraction procedure and solvent polarity, which determine the recovery of bioactive compounds and volatile constituents. In this study, an electronic nose (E-nose) based on a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor array was evaluated as a rapid analytical tool for the classification of Cistus extracts obtained using solvents of different polarity. Leaves of Cistus salviifolius, Cistus crispus, and Cistus ladanifer were sequentially extracted with hexane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, ethanol, and methanol. Extraction yield, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were determined, and volatile fingerprints were acquired using the E-nose system. Chemometric analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Differences were observed among extraction solvents regarding extraction efficiency, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity. PCA successfully discriminated extracts according to solvent polarity, explaining between 70.96% and 90.22% of the total variance depending on the Cistus species analyzed. Furthermore, the PLS-DA model achieved a classification accuracy of 87.5%, with sensitivity and specificity values of 87.5% and 97.5%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the combination of E-nose technology and chemometric tools provides a rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective approach for the classification and characterization of Cistus extracts according to extraction solvent, highlighting its potential application in quality control and process monitoring of plant-derived products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Electronic Tongue (E-Tongue) in Food Quality: 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 845 KB  
Article
Electronic Nose Profiling of Pet Foods for Brand and Flavor Discrimination with Preference Analysis
by Viktória Éles, Haruna Gado Yakubu, György Kövér, Hedvig Fébel, Róbert Romvári and George Bazar
Chemosensors 2026, 14(8), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14080180 - 7 Aug 2026
Viewed by 578
Abstract
Electronic nose (EN) technology, based on electrochemical sensor arrays, has emerged as a rapid and objective tool for aroma characterization in food systems. This study investigated factors influencing cat food preference using physicochemical analysis, texture measurement, preference testing, and EN technology. Nine (9) [...] Read more.
Electronic nose (EN) technology, based on electrochemical sensor arrays, has emerged as a rapid and objective tool for aroma characterization in food systems. This study investigated factors influencing cat food preference using physicochemical analysis, texture measurement, preference testing, and EN technology. Nine (9) commercial cat foods from three brands (A: premium; B and C: medium price) with different flavors were evaluated. Proximate analysis revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in most nutrients, except crude fiber (CF) (p < 0.05), which was higher in lower-priced cat foods. Shear force showed a positive correlation with consumption (r = 0.72), while CF was negatively correlated (r = −0.52). Preference tests indicated that Brand A was most preferred, followed by Brand C, while Brand B was least preferred. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified variability in individual cat preferences, and one outlier cat was excluded. Discriminant analysis of EN data showed clear separation by brand rather than flavor, suggesting brand-related aroma profiles can be monitored rapidly through the digital odor fingerprint. Cat food acceptance is mainly driven by texture, CF content, and aroma rather than macronutrient composition. The results of the EN evaluation of cat food samples revealed the same group similarities and differences as the 8-month preference test performed with cats. Similar to this study, EN classification models can be developed using food preference data and the digital aroma fingerprints of foods. After validations, the EN models can be used as an effective tool to monitor the quality and assess new diets according to the known preferred odor fingerprint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Electronic Tongue (E-Tongue) in Food Quality: 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 5740 KB  
Article
Assessment of Cooked Meatballs’ Edibility Using Calibrated MOS Sensors and Microbiological Validation
by Luigi Masi, Revathy Gurusamy, Daniel Garcia-Romeo, Andreas Schütze, Rafael Pagán and Christian Bur
Chemosensors 2026, 14(7), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14070148 - 30 Jun 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 597
Abstract
Food waste is often driven by consumer uncertainty about the spoilage of stored food, especially for cooked meal leftovers where microbial growth is the main concern. We analyzed whether metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors placed inside ordinary food containers can monitor the [...] Read more.
Food waste is often driven by consumer uncertainty about the spoilage of stored food, especially for cooked meal leftovers where microbial growth is the main concern. We analyzed whether metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors placed inside ordinary food containers can monitor the edibility of leftovers, specifically cooked meatballs. Sensors were operated using temperature cycling to enhance selectivity, and cycle-aligned features were extracted. A prior calibration campaign produced information used to map cycle-aligned features into estimated gas concentrations for relevant VOCs. Total viable counts, which represent the growth of total number of spoilage microorganisms, were analyzed on days 0, 5 and 7 to determine the food’s freshness. Both the raw sensor features and the calibration-derived gas concentration estimates were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated with a leave-one-sensor-out (LOSO) binary classifier for multiple food containers. PCA on the calibrated gas estimates revealed a dominant axis that consistently tracks food degradation over time across various containers. LOSO classification accuracy improved from 81.7% using raw sensor features to 87.8% using calibrated gas concentration estimates. These findings represent a proof of principle that calibrated MOS sensor systems can robustly support in situ edibility assessment for cooked food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Electronic Tongue (E-Tongue) in Food Quality: 2nd Edition)
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