Sex Differences in Developing Brain

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 3776

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Interests: multimodal brain imaging; psychophysics; magnetoencephalography (MEG); structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (f/MRI); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); sex differences; social cognition; autism; depression; schizophre-nia; developmental disabilities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the most fascinating, complex, and dynamic part of our organism, the brain is shaped by many interacting factors that not only are of neurobiological (including sex hormones) and environmental origin but are also sociocultural in their very nature (such as social roles).The developing brain undergoes remodeling over the whole lifespan, in particular during childhood and adolescence, but also in aging. Many changes are connected with sex (a neurobiological variable) and gender (a sociocultural construct). Without investigating the impact of sex/gender, it is difficult, if not impossible, to make any progress in understanding behavior and brain functioning in health and disease. Most neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, ASD, and major depressive disorder, MDD) are sex/gender-specific: females and males are affected differently in terms of clinical picture, prevalence, and severity. We believe that this Special Issue will contribute to developing new and improving already existing intervention models (for example, in neuro- and psychorehabilitation), and remediation. On the other hand, this work will shed light on functioning of the persistently developing brain in normalcy.

This Special Issue focuses on how sex/gender shape the changing brain. We welcome papers on gender/sex differences in all domains of research, including brain imaging, behavioral, clinical, animal, comparative, and developmental studies.

Original research studies, reviews, perspectives, and opinion articles are welcome.

Dr. Marina A. Pavlova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 1245 KiB  
Article
Differential Roles of Neural Integrity, Physical Activity and Depression in Frailty: Sex-Related Differences
by Sara Isernia, Marta Cazzoli, Gisella Baglio, Monia Cabinio, Federica Rossetto, Fabrizio Giunco, Francesca Baglio and Valeria Blasi
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(6), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060950 - 14 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
The frailty sex paradox has recently gained attention. At all ages, females are more likely to be frail and show a more severe phenotype but have a higher survival rate compared to males. The main aim was to test sex-specific differences in frailty [...] Read more.
The frailty sex paradox has recently gained attention. At all ages, females are more likely to be frail and show a more severe phenotype but have a higher survival rate compared to males. The main aim was to test sex-specific differences in frailty syndrome using a multimodal evaluation from clinical and imaging data to deepen the understanding of different underlying mechanisms involved in the two sexes, and thus understand the association with different risk factors. Ninety-six community-dwelling older adults were characterized by clinical underpinnings (Fried’s frailty indicators: comorbidity, depression, global cognitive level, physical activity, autonomy), and neural integrity (T1-weighted brain 3T MRI). The frailty × sex interaction in clinical and neural profiles was tested. Additionally, frailty risk factors were identified in the two sexes separately. Results showed that fragility was associated with an increment of depressive symptomatology in females, while a decrement in physical activity was observed already in the pre-frail stage in males. Finally, different risk factors were observed in the two groups: significant frailty predictors were neural integrity and physical activity in males, and age and depression in females. These data support the starting hypothesis of at least partially different mechanisms involved in the frailty phenotype between men and women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex Differences in Developing Brain)
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27 pages, 2258 KiB  
Review
Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging
by Olesya Shirokova, Olga Zaborskaya, Pavel Pchelin, Elizaveta Kozliaeva, Vladimir Pershin and Irina Mukhina
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020195 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1859
Abstract
In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern [...] Read more.
In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern of response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, (b) different age of onset and different degrees of the prevalence of such disorders, and (c) differences in their symptomatic manifestations in men and women. The purpose of this review is to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females. As a result, we hereby show that the presence of brain aging patterns in males and females is due to a complex of factors associated with the effects of sex chromosomes, which subsequently entails a change in signal cascades in somatic cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex Differences in Developing Brain)
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