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Antibiotics
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Clostridioides difficile Infection, 3rd Edition
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Clostridioides difficile Infection, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2223

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Guido Granata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Interests: immune response; immunodeficiency disorders; host–pathogen interaction; host and microbiota interaction; Clostridioides difficile infection; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have established two successful editions of the Special Issue “Clostridioides difficile Infection”. There are over twenty excellent papers published. These papers shed light on several aspects of this complex disease, including the clinical course of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and the mortality rate in different settings and patient populations, in addition to the risk factors for CDI recurrence and novel therapeutic approaches. This result encouraged us to launch a third edition on the same topic.

As a continuation of the previous Special Issues, this third edition will also deliver an invaluable compendium of the latest studies on any aspects concerning CDI.

Dr. Guido Granata
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Clostridioides difficile
  • Clostridioides difficile infection recurrence
  • antimicrobial use
  • host and microbiota interaction
  • CDI

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 2081 KiB  
Article
Global Burden, Trends, and Inequalities of Clostridioides difficile Infections from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2040: A Systematic Analysis
by Zhihui Chen, Jing Wu, Xiangru Ye, Jialin Jin and Wenhong Zhang
Antibiotics 2025, 14(7), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14070652 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 152
Abstract
Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) poses substantial clinical and economic challenges worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the global burden, trends, and inequalities of CDI from 1990 to 2021, with projections extending to 2040. Methods: We conducted a systematic analysis of the Global [...] Read more.
Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) poses substantial clinical and economic challenges worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the global burden, trends, and inequalities of CDI from 1990 to 2021, with projections extending to 2040. Methods: We conducted a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data for 204 countries and territories. CDI-related mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression assessed the trends, a decomposition analysis identified the contributing factors, and cross-country inequalities were measured with slope and concentration indices. A log-linear age–period–cohort model projected future burden to 2040. Results: Global CDI-related deaths increased from 3047 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 2550–3609) in 1990 to 15,598 (95% UI, 13,418–18,222) in 2021. The age-standardized mortality rate rose from 0.10 to 0.19/100,000 population (average annual percent change [AAPC], 2.26%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77–2.76%), and the age-standardized DALY rate increased from 1.83 to 3.46/100,000 (AAPC, 1.94%; 95% CI, 1.43–2.45%). Epidemiological changes were the primary driver of this burden, contributing 45.46%. Inequalities were intensified, particularly in high sociodemographic index countries, evidenced by increases in the slope index from 2.00 to 4.17 and concentration index from 0.52 to 0.69. The projections suggest that mortality and DALY rates among populations aged ≥80 years will continue to rise through 2040. Conclusions: The global CDI burden has increased significantly over three decades, disproportionately affecting high sociodemographic index countries. The projected rise in CDI burden among older adults through 2040 underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and strategic planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clostridioides difficile Infection, 3rd Edition)
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12 pages, 1553 KiB  
Article
Demographic Characteristics and Economic Burden of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study after Propensity Score Matching
by Jae Myung Cha, Jin Young Yoon, Min Seob Kwak, Moonhyung Lee and Young-Seok Cho
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060542 - 10 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1564
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) poses a considerable threat to global public health. However, there have been insufficient propensity score-matched data on its demographic characteristics and economic burden. Using nationwide claims data, we assessed longitudinal changes in the demographic characteristics and economic burden of [...] Read more.
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) poses a considerable threat to global public health. However, there have been insufficient propensity score-matched data on its demographic characteristics and economic burden. Using nationwide claims data, we assessed longitudinal changes in the demographic characteristics and economic burden of CDI between 2011 and 2019 after propensity score matching. We performed a regression analysis to compare the differences in the length of hospital stay and medical costs between patients with CDI and controls (gastroenteritis and colitis). The CDI hospitalization rate increased 2.9-fold between 2011 and 2019. The CDI group had higher comorbidity index scores and was more frequently diagnosed at tertiary hospitals and in the Seoul region than the control group (all p < 0.001). The annual incidence rate of CDI/10,000 persons significantly increased in both sexes and all age groups. The length of hospital stay and medical costs were 3.3-fold and 5.0-fold greater, respectively, in the CDI than in the control group (both p < 0.001). Although the length of hospital stay decreased, total medical costs increased in all age groups and both sexes between 2011 and 2019 (all p < 0.001). When compared with the control group, the CDI-attributable length of hospital stay and medical cost were greater by 15.3 days and KRW 3413 (×103), respectively, after matching. In conclusion, CDI incidence, particularly among the elderly population with comorbidities, has been increasing. In addition, the length of hospital stay and total medical costs of the CDI group were greater than those of the control group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clostridioides difficile Infection, 3rd Edition)
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