Herbicide Resistance and Its Management in Rare Weeds and Weeds of Environmental Concern

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Weed Science and Weed Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 9351

Special Issue Editors

Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: weed control; weed biology; herbicide resistance; fitness cost of herbicide resistance; molecular tools in weed research
Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
Interests: weed science; herbicide resistance; crop–weed interactions, allelopathy, botanical herbicides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Interests: crop protection; herbicides; weed management; herbicide resistance; rare weeds; expansive weeds; environmental weeds; biology and ecology of weeds; cropping systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Herbicide resistance is one of the most serious threats to modern agriculture. Continuous application of herbicides has resulted in a selection of herbicide-resistant species that dominate in the crop fields, causing negative economic but also ecological consequences. Some species, such as those from Lolium or Amaranthus genera, are considered to be of high risk for developing resistance. However, in some countries, frequent use of herbicides has led to the evolution of herbicide resistance in rare species. An example could be Centaurea cyanus L., resistant to herbicides in Poland. Moreover, herbicides are also applied in non-agricultural areas, e.g., railways, roadsides, turfgrass golf courses, sports fields, sod production, and parks, where herbicide resistance evolves in several non-agricultural weeds. This Special Issue aims at the description of cases of herbicide resistance in rare and environmental weeds as well as their management. Specifically, of interest are cases of new herbicide-resistant species fitness and the competitive pressure of herbicide-resistant weeds in non-agricultural areas, genetic and biochemical background of herbicide resistance, and management strategies to prevent and/or control resistant biotypes.

Dr. Marta Stankiewicz-Kosyl
Dr. Agnieszka Synowiec
Dr. Małgorzata Haliniarz
Dr. Ilias Travlos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • herbicide resistance
  • rare weeds
  • non-agricultural weeds
  • environmental weeds
  • resistance mechanisms
  • fitness cost
  • natural tolerance
  • weed management
  • smart farming

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5045 KiB  
Article
Asp376Glu Mutation and Enhanced Metabolism Controlling the Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Ixophorus unisetus (J. Presl) Schltdl. from the Bajio, Mexico
by José Alfredo Domínguez-Valenzuela, José G. Vázquez-García, Patricia Castro, Candelario Palma-Bautista, Hugo E. Cruz-Hipólito, Maria-Dolores Rey, Rafael De Prado and João Portugal
Agronomy 2023, 13(7), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071682 - 22 Jun 2023
Viewed by 901
Abstract
A study was carried out to determine the ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibitor herbicide resistance in the Mexican grass Ixophorus unisetus, a troublesome weed in corn crops in Mexico. First, the resistance was confirmed in field screening assays. Eight populations that survived nicosulfuron treatment [...] Read more.
A study was carried out to determine the ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibitor herbicide resistance in the Mexican grass Ixophorus unisetus, a troublesome weed in corn crops in Mexico. First, the resistance was confirmed in field screening assays. Eight populations that survived nicosulfuron treatment at a field rate of 40 g ai ha−1 were labeled as putative-resistant. Dose–response trials demonstrated a high resistance in the eight populations (GR50 from 140.33 to 245.46 g ai ha−1). The synergism of malathion plus nicosulfuron demonstrated that the non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanism based on cytochrome P450 (Cyt-P450) was involved in five populations of I. unisetus. Molecular studies revealed that a single-nucleotide change occurs in the amino acid at position 376 (from GAT to GAG), which codifies from Asp-376 to Glu-376. This is the first time that Asp-376-Glu has been reported in this species. Assays in vitro and in vivo demonstrated I. unisetus cross-resistance to flucarbazone, penoxsulam, bispyribac-Na, and imazamox. No multiple resistance was found in two resistant populations exposed to different herbicides. Our results indicate that the lack of good control over Mexican grass in corn with ALS inhibitors is due to target-site mutation and NTSR mechanisms (Cyt-P450-mediated metabolism). A strategy should be established in Mexican fields to continue controlling this weed, including mechanical control practices and a good combination of the available pre- and post-emergence herbicides. Full article
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23 pages, 4019 KiB  
Article
Competition between Winter Wheat and Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) Resistant or Susceptible to Herbicides under Varying Environmental Conditions in Poland
by Roman Wacławowicz, Ewa Tendziagolska, Agnieszka Synowiec, Jan Bocianowski, Cezary Podsiadło, Krzysztof Domaradzki, Katarzyna Marcinkowska, Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe and Mariusz Piekarczyk
Agronomy 2022, 12(11), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112751 - 05 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1258
Abstract
Competitive ability of cereals against segetal weeds depends among other things, on soil properties and the weather. Concerning cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), this issue is poorly recognized, as there are no reports on the impact of environmental conditions on the competitiveness of [...] Read more.
Competitive ability of cereals against segetal weeds depends among other things, on soil properties and the weather. Concerning cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), this issue is poorly recognized, as there are no reports on the impact of environmental conditions on the competitiveness of wheat against susceptible and resistant biotypes. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of site and weather conditions on the competitive effects between winter wheat (WW) and two cornflower biotypes, either florasulam and tribenuron-methyl resistant (R) or sensitive (S). The experiment was conducted in a replacement series model at six sites across Poland in three growing seasons. The competitive relations were determined on the basis of two indices, i.e., the relative biomass and the number of seeds produced by the tested plants. The relative yield of wheat and weed were plotted on graphs and fitted to one of five competition models. In addition, a competitive ratio (CR) was calculated on the basis of fresh plant biomass and the number of seeds. Correlation coefficients were determined between the length of the plant, yield, biomass, the number of seeds per plant, hydrothermal coefficient K, and soil texture. Biometric parameters of wheat for its competition with two cornflower biotypes were analyzed using canonical variate analysis (CVA). The number of days to WW emergence and the day-difference between WW and cornflower (B) emergence were also calculated. The environmental characteristics of the sites, i.e., hydrothermal coefficient K and soil texture, were used as categorizing variables. Drought generally favored the greater competitive ability of WW against B for both biomass accumulation and seed production. During the first season of the research (relatively dry), only in one case out of 12 cases cornflower was more competitive than wheat. In the second year of the experiment (dry season), the competition of WW against B for resources was lower. It depended more on the site than on the cornflower biotype or the proportion of plants in the mixture. Under high or optimal rainfalls (the third year of the experiment), the competitiveness of WW toward B was significantly lower than in years with rainfall deficiency. In addition, the ability of wheat competition against the weed may have been influenced by the earlier emergence of wheat than cornflower. Even though it was sown together with wheat, cornflower emerged 0–12 days later than the tested cereal. It was also noticed that wheat was more competitive on light soils against the herbicide-susceptible (S) biotype. In contrast, greater WW competitiveness was observed against herbicide-resistant (R) cornflower on heavy soils. In conclusion, winter wheat competitiveness against herbicide-resistant or herbicide-sensitive cornflower biotypes is significantly dependent on weather and soil conditions. It is therefore reasonable to study this phenomenon in more detail. It would also be interesting to learn more about the underground competition on varying soil types under different water availability. Full article
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12 pages, 1318 KiB  
Article
Physiological Fitness Associated to ACCase Target-Site Resistance Enhances Growth and Reproduction in Phalaris brachystachys
by Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh, Javid Gherekhloo, María Dolores Osuna, Farshid Ghaderi-Far, Behnam Kamkar, Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz and Rafael De Prado
Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051206 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
Short-spike canarygrass (Phalaris brachystachys (Link.)) from Iranian wheat fields has developed resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors due to a target-site mutation (Ile-1781-Thr). Target-site resistance mutations may confer pleiotropic effects in weeds. In this paper, the possible effect of the Ile-1781-Thr [...] Read more.
Short-spike canarygrass (Phalaris brachystachys (Link.)) from Iranian wheat fields has developed resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors due to a target-site mutation (Ile-1781-Thr). Target-site resistance mutations may confer pleiotropic effects in weeds. In this paper, the possible effect of the Ile-1781-Thr mutation on the ecological fitness during life cycles in P. brachystachys plants was investigated. ACCase genes of P. brachystachys populations resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to ACCase inhibitors were sequenced and the vegetative growth and reproductive characteristics of the plants were assessed. In the final growth stage (217 days after planting—DAP), R sub-population plants were 30 cm taller than the S plants. Additionally, the R sub-population produced up to 12 leaves and 2.8 tillers more per plant, and accumulated double the dry weight (2850 g m−2) compared to the S sub-population. The leaf area index (LAI) of the R sub-population was 1.1 times higher than that of the S sub-population. In addition, the net assimilation rate (NAR) and plant growth rate (PGR) between 114 and 182 DAP of the R sub-population were 0.11 and 13 g m−2 d−1 higher than the S sub-population, but the relative growth rate (RGR) was similar between R and S sub-populations. The number of spikes (6 vs. 3.8), the spike length (8.4 vs. 5.5), and number of seeds per plant (1276 vs. 751 seed plant−1) of the R sub-population were higher than the S ones, but the weight (3.25 g) and size (11.6 mm2) of 1000 seeds were similar between populations. The R sub-population of P. brachystachys exhibited higher plant growth and reproductive parameters than the S one, which may increase the frequency of resistance in the population in the absence of adequate weed-control methods. Full article
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7 pages, 941 KiB  
Communication
Genetic Variability of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Sequence in Centaurea cyanus Plants Resistant and Susceptible to Tribenuron-Methyl
by Barbara Wrzesińska and Tadeusz Praczyk
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2311; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112311 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1681
Abstract
Centaurea cyanus, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an arable weed species encountered mainly in fields with cereals, sugar beet, and maize. The high genetic variability of C. cyanus has been recently reported; however, little is known about its sequence variability in [...] Read more.
Centaurea cyanus, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an arable weed species encountered mainly in fields with cereals, sugar beet, and maize. The high genetic variability of C. cyanus has been recently reported; however, little is known about its sequence variability in the context of its herbicide resistance. C. cyanus resistance was found mainly against acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, but no ALS sequence information concerning the herbicide resistance mechanism has been published yet. The aim of this study was to determine the ALS sequences for biotypes susceptible and resistant to tribenuron-methyl in order to identify mutations that may be associated with the resistance emergence. DNA isolation from susceptible and resistant plants was followed by PCR amplification and ALS sequencing. As a result, different lengths of DNA products were obtained. Moreover, both nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis revealed high sequence variability within one plant as well as between plants from the same biotype. In a few resistant plants, four changes in the amino acid sequence were identified in comparison to those in the susceptible ones. However, these preliminary studies require further investigation toward confirming the significance of these mutations in herbicide resistance development. This study provides preliminary information contributing to the research on the C. cyanus target-site resistance mechanism. Full article
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17 pages, 1440 KiB  
Article
Herbicide Resistance of Centaurea cyanus L. in Poland in the Context of Its Management
by Marta Stankiewicz-Kosyl, Małgorzata Haliniarz, Mariola Wrochna, Agnieszka Synowiec, Anna Wenda-Piesik, Ewa Tendziagolska, Magdalena Sobolewska, Krzysztof Domaradzki, Grzegorz Skrzypczak, Witold Łykowski, Michał Krysiak, Marcin Bednarczyk and Katarzyna Marcinkowska
Agronomy 2021, 11(10), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101954 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), one of the main weeds found among winter crops in Poland, has developed herbicide resistance (HR) to acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicides, a finding first reported in 2006, and in recent years, farmers have been complaining about inadequate chemical [...] Read more.
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), one of the main weeds found among winter crops in Poland, has developed herbicide resistance (HR) to acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicides, a finding first reported in 2006, and in recent years, farmers have been complaining about inadequate chemical control of this weed. This study aimed to characterise the current state of cornflower HR to ALS inhibitors and synthetic auxins in Poland and the agricultural practices in fields with herbicide-resistant populations. From 2017 to 2020, 159 seed samples together with the field history were collected across the country and biological tests performed in glasshouses. This revealed that 47 populations of C. cyanus were cross-resistant to both tribenuron and florasulam, 28 and 8 populations were single resistant to tribenuron and florasulam, respectively, and 3 populations had developed multiple resistance to both ALS inhibitors and synthetic auxins, i.e., 2,4-D and dicamba. Resistant populations were found mostly frequent in northern Poland, but also in the eastern and western parts of the country. Based on a survey of farmers, the resistant populations were found in winter crops regardless of the tillage system (77% of fields with HR cornflower were mouldboard ploughed). Based on the proposed population treatment (PT) index showing the frequency of herbicide use during three consecutive seasons on farms with HR cornflower, the average PT for all the surveyed farms was 5.4. The highest PT of 7.4 was found in the province of Warmia-Masuria in northern Poland. Full article
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