Digital

Conversational agents increasingly incorporate socio-emotional cues to support more natural and socially engaging digital interactions. Prior research has shown that anthropomorphism and artificial empathy influence user evaluations; however, these dimensions are typically examined as static design features and often in isolation, leaving limited evidence on how users perceive socio-emotional behavior that adapts dynamically during real-time interaction. This study investigates the perception-based evaluation of adaptive socio-emotional behavior in conversational agents using a controlled Wizard-of-Oz design. In total, 72 participants (N = 72) interacted with a simulated agent across four digital communication channels under conditions of high versus low anthropomorphism and artificial empathy, enabling systematic variation in socio-emotional expression while preserving participants’ perception of autonomous system operation. User evaluations were assessed using established perceptual constructs, including trust, perceived reliability, satisfaction, service quality, perceived empathy, and anthropomorphism. The findings demonstrate that conversational agents exhibiting dynamically adaptive anthropomorphic and empathic behavior elicit consistently more positive user evaluations across all measured constructs compared to non-adaptive interaction. Validation analysis using the Godspeed scale confirmed clear differentiation between experimental conditions, highlighting the role of interaction-contingent adaptation relative to static socio-emotional cues in perceived human likeness and positive user responses. These results indicate that user perception can function as a human-centered evaluation layer for assessing adaptive conversational systems, enabling systematic measurement of socio-emotional performance under controlled conditions. More broadly, this study supports the design of adaptive AI systems that leverage real-time socio-emotional feedback to enhance trust, perceived service quality, and behavioral acceptance in digital service environments within a controlled Wizard-of-Oz evaluation context. Full article

Shrimp aquaculture increasingly depends on precise water quality management, yet most farms still rely on fragmented measurements and qualitative assessments. This study aimed to evaluate whether routine physicochemical data from commercial ponds can reliably discriminate between operational categories of acceptable and residual water and thus support early warning systems. We compiled water quality records from shrimp ponds in several coastal provinces, focusing on a reduced set of variables related to salinity, alkalinity, hardness and inorganic nitrogen. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning models were trained and compared using standard classification metrics. Tree-based ensembles and margin-based models achieved high accuracy and F1 scores when predicting water status from routine variables, while clustering methods only reproduced similar patterns after an ex post mapping of clusters to classes. These results indicate that latent nitrogen loads and subtle shifts in water chemistry are systematically captured by basic monitoring data and can be translated into operational signals of risk. The study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating data-driven classification into shrimp farm monitoring and outlines a pathway toward low-cost, scalable decision support tools for aquaculture 4.0 in data-limited settings. Full article

This study addresses a gap in the literature by explicitly linking responsive web design frameworks to concrete cybersecurity vulnerabilities, moving beyond traditional discussions of usability and device compatibility to incorporate security-by-design principles in contemporary frontend development. The research adopts a qualitative comparative approach and considers five widely used responsive design frameworks: Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS, Foundation, Pure CSS, and Skeleton. These frameworks were selected based on criteria such as maturity, adoption, and architectural diversity. Three research questions guide the analysis: the identification of cybersecurity risks associated with responsive design frameworks, the extent to which these risks vary across frameworks, and the mitigation strategies required to address them. The findings confirm that most critical vulnerabilities originate outside the frontend layer, reinforcing the separation between presentation and backend logic. However, the results demonstrate that frameworks significantly influence the security risk profile, particularly regarding cross-site scripting, dependency management, and configuration practices. Modern utility-first frameworks shift security concerns toward the build pipeline and toolchain, while minimalistic and abandoned frameworks introduce risks related to obsolescence and unpatched “forever-day” vulnerabilities. The study concludes that frontend security depends less on framework choice alone and more on governance, continuous maintenance, and the systematic adoption of secure development and DevSecOps practices. Full article

Entrepreneurial ecosystems are multi-actor, uncertain, and dynamic environments in which policymakers and investors must balance innovation, resilience, and cost. Despite the growing literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems, much of the existing research has focused on identifying the components and relationships among actors and has provided less prescriptive frameworks for evaluating resource allocation policies before implementation. To address this gap, this study presents a digital twin-based and fuzzy multiobjective optimization framework for resource orchestration in entrepreneurial ecosystems. The proposed framework combines dynamic ecosystem representation with multiobjective decision-making under uncertainty and allows for the testing of different resource allocation and policy scenarios before actual intervention. To solve the model, exact optimization in GAMS was used for small- and medium-sized samples, and NSGA-II and ACO algorithms were used for large-scale problems. The advantage of the proposed method is that, unlike purely descriptive approaches or deterministic models, it simultaneously considers uncertainty, time dynamics, and trade-offs between innovation, resilience, and cost in an integrated decision-making framework. Experimental evaluation was conducted based on simulated data calibrated with reliable public sources, and the performance of the algorithms was compared with reference methods in terms of computational time, solution quality, and stability. The results showed that metaheuristics, especially NSGA-II, significantly reduced the solution time in large-scale problems and at the same time produced solutions closer to the Pareto frontier and with greater stability. Sensitivity analysis also showed that in the designed scenarios, policy budgets have a more prominent effect on innovation, while resource capacity and structural diversification play a more important role in enhancing resilience. Also, improving resource efficiency has had the greatest effect on reducing the total system cost. From a theoretical perspective, the present study operationally models the logic of resource orchestration in entrepreneurial ecosystems through the integration of digital twins and fuzzy multi-objective optimization. From a managerial perspective, this framework acts as a decision-making engine that allows for ex ante testing of policies, clarification of trade-offs, and extraction of resource allocation rules under uncertainty. Full article

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) provides valuable information for transformer condition monitoring, yet accurate multi-class fault identification remains challenging due to overlapping gas patterns and the sensitivity of classifier hyperparameters. This study proposes a hybrid optimization framework that combines Particle Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Optimization to tune the hyperparameters of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for transformer fault diagnosis based on gas classification. The model is evaluated on a DGA dataset using a strict protocol that separates cross-validation–based tuning from held-out test assessment. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid PSO-GWO-SVM achieves superior diagnostic performance and more stable convergence compared with representative single-optimizer baselines, demonstrating its potential for practical transformer fault identification. Full article

Text-to-video (T2V) generation has recently emerged as a transformative technology within the field of generative AI, enabling the creation of realistic, temporally coherent videos based on natural language descriptions. This paradigm provides significant added value in many domains such as creative media, human-computer interaction, immersive learning, and simulation. Despite its growing importance, systematic discussion of T2V is still limited compared with adjacent modalities such as text-to-image and image-to-video. To alleviate the scarcity of discussions in the T2V field, this paper provides a systematic review of works published from 2024 onward, consolidating fragmented contributions across the field. We survey and categorize the selected literature into three principal areas—namely, T2V methods, datasets, and evaluation practices—and further subdivide each area into subcategories that reflect recurring themes and methodological patterns in the literature. Emphasis is then placed on identifying key research opportunities and open challenges that need further investigation. Full article

The integration of blockchain technology into Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) offers decentralized resilience against data manipulation. This also introduces stochastic consensus latencies that threaten real-time control stability. We present a Stochastic-Aware Blockchain Predictive Control (SAB-PC) framework, which models blockchain-induced jitter as a state-dependent Markovian process, and embeds it within a Markovian Jump Linear System (MJLS) formulation. Using mode-dependent Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs), we derive Mean Square Stability (MSS) conditions, which capture the interaction between decentralized consensus dynamics and closed-loop control behavior. The framework is validated on the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) benchmark, using a calibrated stochastic delay model that reflects realistic blockchain congestion patterns. Our results show that standard blockchain-mediated control architectures become unstable under Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)-induced quadratic latency growth, whereas SAB-PC maintains stable operation across decentralized networks up to 60 validator nodes. The predictive Safety Runway effectively masks long-tail delay distributions, ensuring real-time feasibility and preserving safe Reactor Pressure trajectories. Under coordinated False Data Injection (FDI) attacks, SAB-PC limits pressure deviations to only 1.2 kPa despite an 8.0 kPa adversarial bias, demonstrating cryptographic and control-theoretic resilience. Full article

This study presents a systematic bibliometric evaluation of artificial intelligence methodologies applied to the preservation and interpretation of Asia Minor’s cultural heritage. Publication trends demonstrate notable continuity, with foundational works sustaining their citation impact over a span of twenty-five years, thereby underscoring enduring scholarly engagement. Network analyses of keyword co-occurrence delineate a conceptual core organized around immersive visualization, exemplified by terms such as cultural heritages, virtual reality, and photogrammetry, while temporal mappings reveal the recent integration of machine learning and deep learning paradigms. Collectively, these findings chart an intellectual landscape in which three-dimensional reconstruction constitutes the foundational axis of research, now progressively enriched by data-driven algorithmic approaches. This synthesis offers a concise yet comprehensive portrait of evolving methodological trajectories and emerging computational frontiers in AI-driven heritage scholarship. Full article

Over the last few years, deep neural networks have achieved outstanding results in computer vision, and have been widely integrated into mobile robot obstacle avoidance systems, where perception-driven classification supports navigation decisions. Most existing approaches rely on either color images (RGB) or depth images (D) as the primary source of information, which limits their ability to jointly exploit appearance and geometric cues. This paper proposes a deep learning-based classification approach that simultaneously exploits RGB and depth information for mobile robot obstacle avoidance. The method adopts an early-stage fusion strategy in which RGB images are first converted into the CMYK color space, after which the K (black) channel is replaced by a normalized depth map to form a four-channel CMYD representation. This representation preserves chromatic information while embedding geometric structure in an intensity-consistent channel and is used as input to a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed method is evaluated using locally acquired data under different training options and hyperparameter settings. Experimental results show that, when using the baseline CNN architecture, the proposed fusion strategy achieves an overall classification accuracy of 93.3%, outperforming depth-only inputs (86.5%) and RGB-only images (92.9%). When the refined CNN architecture is employed, classification accuracy is further improved across all tested input representations, reaching approximately 93.9% for RGB images, 91.0% for depth-only inputs, 94.6% for the CMYK color space, and 96.2% for the proposed CMYD fusion. These results demonstrate that combining appearance and depth information through CMYD fusion is beneficial regardless of the network variant, while the refined CNN architecture further enhances the effectiveness of the fused representation for robust obstacle avoidance. Full article

This study examines how a voice-recognition project may support vocational secondary students’ AI literacy. In this applied scenario, students used Arduino hardware and an AI tools platform to collect data, train models, and deploy a basic voice-recognition device, linking introductory AI concepts with practical engineering applications. A mixed-methods design combined pre–post self-report assessment using the AI Literacy Questionnaire (AILQ) with post semi-structured interviews. Emerging gains were associated with the maker-learning pathway, particularly in the affective, behavioral, and cognitive AI literacy domains, whereas ethical outcomes were limited within this intervention window. Qualitative insights provided complementary interpretive context, suggesting that learning through making was experienced as more engaging and personally relevant, while hands-on linked with emerging understanding of AI model behavior and limitations. Overall, the study extends AI-literacy research to a vocational classroom setting, where evidence remains limited. It also highlights a domain-level AI literacy analysis for identifying which components strengthen through making and which may require more explicit instructional scaffolding in this specific vocational context. The exploratory nature of the study offers evidence that maker activities can provide a feasible approach for engaging vocational learners with multidimensional AI literacy. Full article

Traditional methods to learn soft-tissue surgical procedures rely on cadaver labs or patient-based learning, which are costly and geographically limited, and raise ethical questions. Virtual reality (VR) with haptic feedback offers a scalable alternative, but most current platforms emphasize bone-based rather than soft-tissue procedures learned by feel. We developed a VR+haptic simulation for preoperative training of retropubic midurethral sling (MUS) surgery. This study examines the usability of this platform with thirteen expert urogynecologic surgeons and subsequently makes improvements (e.g., in haptics) to evaluate the platform with twelve trainees based on the NASA Task Load Index for workload and a UTAUT-informed usability survey. Objective performance scores were recorded as participants completed up to four levels of increasing realism and difficulty, starting with a transparent body and a reference surgical trajectory. Trainees reported high usability, immersion, and engagement. Experts rated the platform as valuable for sling training and skill assessment. NASA-TLX results indicated low physical and temporal demand, low mental demand and frustration, and moderate effort. These findings suggest that SurgicalEd VR is acceptable and has appropriate workload characteristics for surgical education. Future studies could examine how using VR+ haptic training improves intraoperative performance. Full article

The proliferation of digital health education content (DHEC) offers a transformative opportunity for medical training worldwide. While students in high-income countries routinely integrate these tools, their use and impact in low-resource settings such as Mozambique remain poorly understood. Exploring this topic offers interesting possibilities at the intersection of global health equity, digital literacy, and pedagogical innovation. This study assessed how Mozambican medical students engage with online health videos, examining the types of content they search for, preferred platforms, perceived benefits, and attitudes toward integrating these materials into medical training. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was administered to 151 second-year medical students at the Catholic University of Mozambique and Alberto Chipande University. A structured online questionnaire, comprising multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open-ended questions, was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, chi-square test, and Cramer’s V effect size. All students (100%) reported searching for online health videos. They primarily do so via YouTube (92.1%) and use mobile phones (98.7%). Students mainly searched topics related to basic biomedical sciences (60%). They reported that video enhances their learning (86.8%), academic work (11.3%), and other skills (1.9%). Mean scores for utility (4.06), self-reported knowledge gain (4.05), and interest in continuing use (4.30) reflected positive perceptions. Furthermore, an overwhelming majority (91.4%) supported the institutional production of educational videos, whereas 8.6% disagreed, citing videos as a tool that diverts students’ focus from reading and a preference for traditional classes. No statistically significant gender-based differences were observed in usefulness, learning levels, or core interest in continuing to search for online videos (p > 0.05). Online health videos are widely used and positively perceived by Mozambican medical students as a supplementary learning tool. The findings highlight the need for institutions to create curriculum-aligned video libraries and strengthen students’ digital literacy, an affordable strategy for enhancing medical education in low-resource contexts. Full article

Large Language Models (LLMs) have successfully performed calculation-based tasks, generated diverse data visualizations, and executed chemometric analyses. This study systematically evaluated the performance of Microsoft M365 Copilot (GPT-5) across 35 representative questions spanning five domains: (1) chemical equilibrium, pH, titration, and buffer calculations; (2) data visualization, including histograms, box plots, correlation plots, and heatmaps; (3) analysis of periodic table properties using principal component analysis (PCA); (4) image interpretation and generation in classroom contexts; and (5) machine learning applications using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). All questions were assessed without the use of additional prompting. Across two independent user accounts, identical question sets were administered twice per month between October and December 2025. Copilot consistently produced accurate, step-by-step solutions for equilibrium and acid–base problems, generated high-quality visualizations directly from uploaded datasets, and correctly constructed PCA score and loading plots with appropriate data standardization. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Copilot offers substantial value for both research-oriented tasks and chemistry education. Full article

Early identification of reading difficulties enables timely classroom intervention; however, teachers often have limited time and restricted access to specialist assessment. This study explores a brief, teacher-friendly screening approach based on short oral reading recordings to support classroom decision-making. Oral reading samples were collected from 77 Greek primary school pupils (Grades 3–6) during a standardized reading task. Recordings were segmented into 7 s excerpts, converted into spectrogram images, and analyzed using a deep learning model to classify each excerpt as indicative of reading difficulties or not. To reflect realistic school implementation, model development followed an 80/20 participant-level split, with validation conducted on pupils not included in the training set. At the selected operating threshold, the model achieved approximately 84% overall accuracy and a balanced accuracy of 0.85. For practical applicability, a pupil-level indicator—representing the proportion of excerpts flagged as difficult—showed a strong association with expert judgments (r ≈ 0.74). These findings suggest that brief oral reading recordings can provide teachers with an interpretable screening signal to inform monitoring, prioritization, and early classroom support while underscoring the need for further validation under routine school conditions. Full article

Underground mines’ complex environments with dim lighting and high dust and humidity hamper feature extraction and reduce detection accuracy. To address this, we propose a low-light image enhancement-based target detection algorithm. Firstly, LIENet enhances low-light image quality and brightness via a dual-gamma curve and non-reference loss function-guided iterations. Secondly, the hierarchical feature extraction (HFE) method with a dual-branch structure captures long-term and local correlations, focusing on critical corner regions. Finally, HFE is combined with a feature pyramid structure for comprehensive feature representation through a top-down global adjustment. Our method, validated on a self-built dataset, outperforms other algorithms with an mAP@0.5 of 96.96% and mAP@0.5:0.95 of 71.1%, proving excellent low-light detection performance in mines. Full article

Compared with conventional financing approaches, supply chain financing demonstrates superior adaptability in risk management, greater cost-effectiveness in financial control, and enhanced efficiency in approval processes, owing to its deep integration with industrial chains. This investigation explores the intrinsic relationship between digital innovation and corporate supply chain financing. To ensure the rigor and reliability of the research conclusions, we adopt an empirical research method based on the OLS econometric regression model to systematically examine the relationship between digital innovation and supply chain financing. Our findings reveal that digital innovation positively influences corporate operations and information disclosure quality, thereby facilitating supply chain financing acquisition. Specifically, digital innovation enhances both Tobin’s Q and information transparency, which consequently improves firms’ access to supply chain financing. Furthermore, we observe pronounced heterogeneity in digital innovation’s impact on supply chain financing accessibility, with more pronounced effects observed in state-owned enterprises, mature firms, and regions with less developed legal frameworks. From the perspective of theoretical contributions, this study enriches the application scenario of signal transmission theory. We verify that operational improvement driven by digital innovation can serve as an effective signal to alleviate information asymmetry in supply chain financing. Meanwhile, we supplement the research on information asymmetry theory by providing a digital solution to mitigate information frictions between supply chain partners. In terms of practical contributions, we provide actionable insights for firms. Specifically, our findings guide firms to leverage digital innovation to improve supply chain financing accessibility. Additionally, these findings offer references for supply chain stakeholders and relevant authorities to optimize financing support mechanisms. Full article

The article presents a unified fractal approach to processing and analyzing ship trajectories based on AIS and ECDIS data. A comprehensive algorithmic pipeline is proposed, which provides time normalization, coordinate transformation, calculation of dynamic motion characteristics, and application of fractal analysis in sliding windows. This approach allows for the stable calculation of key parameters (course, angular velocity, deviation from the route) and detection of local changes in movement complexity that are not recorded by classical methods. The fractal indicators used (Higuchi, Katz, Petrosyan, DFA dimensions) demonstrate high reproducibility and resistance to typical navigation data shortcomings. The proposed framework is primarily intended for onboard and post-voyage analysis, supporting navigational performance assessment, trajectory reconstruction, and detailed investigation of vessel motion dynamics based on the records from AIS and ECDIS. Full article

This paper proposes an efficient and automated smart healthcare communication framework that integrates a two-level filtering scheme with a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) to enhance the reliability, timeliness, and energy efficiency of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems. In the first stage, physiological signals collected from heterogeneous sensors (e.g., blood pressure, glucose level, ECG, patient movement, and ambient temperature) were pre-processed using an adaptive least-mean-square (LMS) filter to suppress noise and motion artifacts, thereby improving signal quality prior to analysis. In the second stage, a GA-based optimization engine selects optimal routing paths and transmission parameters by jointly considering end-to-end delay, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), energy consumption, and packet loss ratio (PLR). The two-level filtering strategy, i.e., LMS, ensures that only denoised and high-priority records are forwarded for more processing, enabling timely delivery for supporting the downstream clinical network by optimizing the communication. The proposed mechanism is evaluated via extensive simulations involving 30–100 devices and multiple generations and is benchmarked against two existing smart healthcare schemes. The results demonstrate that the integrated GA and filtering approach significantly reduces end-to-end delay by 10%, as well as communication latency and energy consumption, while improving the packet delivery ratio by approximately 15%, as well as throughput, SNR, and overall Quality of Service (QoS) by up to 98%. These findings indicate that the proposed framework provides a scalable and intelligent communication backbone for early disease detection, continuous monitoring, and timely intervention in smart healthcare environments. Full article