Commodities, Volume 2, Issue 4

Innovation and technology are important tools for delivering efficiency and productivity improvement in the minerals sector. The uptake of technologies has proven to be an important lever for increasing the productivity of the mining sector. This pap...

This study analyses a series of live cattle spot and futures prices from the Boi Gordo Index (BGI) in Brazil. The objective is to develop a model that best portrays this commodity’s behaviour to estimate futures prices more accurately. The data...

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of risk premiums in the Brazilian electricity market, a critical but understudied field. Employing two distinct methodologies—Average Forward Prices and Last Observed Forward Prices—the study calc...

Climate change, soil erosion, and degradation among others affect the growth and production of crops. Soil is suffering from intensive farming and unsustainable soil disturbance, leading to severe soil degradation. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows...

This paper offers an in-depth exploration into the intricate world of decentralized digital assets (DDAs), shedding light on their categorization as currencies, commodities, or securities. Building on foundational cases such as SEC v. Howey, the anal...

Conventional seafood production contributes to some of the most alarming global problems we face at present, such as the destabilization of aquatic ecosystems, human health risks, and serious concerns for the welfare of trillions of aquatic animals e...