Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Volume 10, Issue 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of invasive diseases, particularly affecting young children and the elderly. Currently, two main types of pneumococcal vaccines are commercially available: polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and conjugate...

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a major global health concern, particularly among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who are at increased risk of reactivation due to impaired immunity and frequent exposure to immunosup...

Background: The microscopic examination of stool samples remains the reference method for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoal infections; however, this technique is time consuming and requires experienced and well-trained operators. Therefore, ther...

Background: Dengue infection is a spreading vector borne disease with most severe infection-related fatalities occurring in adults. This study was conducted to explore prognostic indicators of dengue infection severity. Methods: This study included p...

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease endemic in many regions of Latin America. Its clinical diagnosis is often supported by histopathological analysis of skin biopsies; however, parasite detection by microscopy can be challenging, parti...

We analysed the socioeconomic, behavioural, and protection factors (PFs) influences on the HIV combined prevention (CP) strategy among Brazilian Amazonian men who have sex with men (MSMs). PFs are resources that reduce the effect of adversity and hel...

The accurate identification of mosquito species is critical for effective mosquito surveillance and control, especially when presented with morphologically similar species like Aedes aegypti and Aedes sierrensis. Damaged specimens and morphologically...

The genus Orthoflavivirus includes several mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses, notably West Nile virus (WNV), which is endemic to the Mediterranean region. In Portugal, WNV circulation has been documented in equines, birds and mosquitoes, however huma...

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared snakebite envenoming (SBE) as a neglected tropical disease in 2017. Antivenom is the gold standard of treatment, but many healthcare barriers exist, and hence, affected populations are often unable to acce...

Human brucellosis is a zoonotic, bacterial infection caused by the intracellular, Gram-negative Brucella spp., which is common globally but rare in the United Kingdom, with approximately 20 imported cases per annum following travel to countries with...

Adherence to the 6-month tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen is challenging due to its duration and side effects, with various factors influencing patient compliance. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed pulmonary...

A review was conducted on snakebites in Central America. Information was extracted using the databases of PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS. Information included retrospective studies, case reports, and case series; in this way, valuable information was ret...

Research is required to determine whether the coinfections by Fasciola spp. and other parasite species result from poor rural hygiene or reflect underlying epidemiological patterns and causes. Therefore, the role of fascioliasis is analyzed concernin...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory infections (LRIs) worldwide. This study analyzes trends in age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to RSV...

Rabies remains a significant global public health concern, causing an estimated 59,000–69,000 human fatalities annually. Despite being entirely preventable through vaccination, rabies continues to impose substantial economic burdens worldwide....

Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the gold standard treatment for fascioliasis. However, reports on resistance are increasing, emphasizing the need for alternative therapy. Combining TCBZ with ivermectin (IVM) was found to be effective for treating animal fa...

Via a One Health approach, this study concomitantly assessed the susceptibility of humans and dogs to Trypanosoma cruzi infections on three islands and in two mainland seashore areas of southern Brazil. Human serum samples were tested using an enzyme...

Insecticide resistance monitoring is essential for effective mosquito control. This study compared CDC Bottle Bioassays (BBAs) using technical and formulated insecticides (deltamethrin/Deltagard and malathion/Fyfanon EW) against the Culex pipiens com...

Background: Polyparasitic infections remain widespread in endemic regions, yet its contributing factors and health impact are not well understood. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and associated factors and examines the effect of polyparasi...

Background: Dyslipidemia and schistosomiasis are major public health challenges, particularly in endemic regions where their coexistence may influence host metabolism and immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate visceral adipose tissue (AT) rem...

Objective: To characterize the profiles of resistance mutations to HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Gabon. Design: Cross-sectional study conducted over 37 months, from October 2019 to October 2022, at the IST/HIV/AIDS Reference Laboratory, a r...

Background: Since the current increase in antimicrobial resistance globally, parasitic infectious diseases have become a greater public health crisis than ever before and an absolute priority. The Egyptian community pharmacist, as a health care provi...

Introduction: Despite the key role of healthcare workers (HCWs) in tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control, there is a lack of regional data on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding the disease in Atlantic Canada. Objectives: To...

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose 2020 outbreak was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Restriction measures changed healthcare delivery, with telehealth providing...

Background: Arthropod-borne diseases primarily affect tropical and subtropical regions, exhibiting seasonal patterns that peak during hot and rainy months when conditions favor mosquito vector proliferation. Factors such as high temperatures, elevate...

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, represents a major public health concern due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance. While often asymptomatic—particularly in extragenital infections—untreated cases can lead to...

Weeksella virosa (W. virosa) is a rare, non-saccharolytic Gram-negative bacterium initially described in the 1970s, later proposed as a distinct genus in 1986. The genus Weeksella currently contains two species, namely W. virosa and W. massiliensis....

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an under-recognized zoonosis that affects both tropical and temperate regions. While it is often associated with exposure to contaminated water or infected animals, its presentation and epidemiology in Mediterranean cou...

Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) infection, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected chiggers. The clinical presentations range from mild to life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction. This repo...

Background: While efforts have been made to control meningococcal disease or carriage during mass gatherings (MGs), it is still a significant problem. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of meningitis carriage during MGs a...

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) can affect any organ of the body, producing a wide variety of clinical manifestations that make the diagnosis and treatment of EPTB challenging. The optimum treatment varies depending on the site of EPTB, its sever...

Background: Rickettsioses are diseases caused by obligate intracellular non-motile coccobacilli transmitted via arthropods. The most common rickettsioses are scrub typhus (ST), typhus group rickettsioses (TGR), and spotted fever group rickettsioses (...

(1) Background: Murine typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, is a neglected rickettsial disease and an underdiagnosed cause of acute febrile illness (AFI), particularly in endemic regions such as Indonesia. (2) Case description: We report a case series...

Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is a common neglected tropical disease in Ethiopia, which is mainly treated with intralesional (IL) pentavalent antimonial such as sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and/or cryotherapy. Both treatments are painful, an...

Urogenital schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma haematobium and transmitted by Bulinus snails, affects approximately 190 million individuals globally and remains a major public health concern. Effective surveillance of snail vectors is critical for...