Leptospirosis and One Health

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "One Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 714

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi 24020-141, Brazil
Interests: leptospirosis; zoonosis; infectious disease; human–animal interface; One Health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Leptospirosis, a globally significant zoonotic disease, exemplifies the intricate interplay between human, animal, and environmental health. As an acute bacterial infection caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., leptospirosis presents diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild febrile illness to severe, life-threatening syndromes. Its transmission dynamics are influenced by environmental factors, wildlife reservoirs, domestic animals, and human activity, underscoring the necessity of a One Health approach to its study and control.

This Special Issue aims to advance understanding and foster interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing leptospirosis as a critical public health challenge. We welcome original research and reviews that explore the disease's epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment, prevention, and control. Studies highlighting the intersection of human and animal health or those evaluating the environmental determinants of leptospirosis are particularly encouraged.

The scope includes the following:

  • Molecular and clinical insights into leptospirosis diagnosis and management.
  • Comparative studies across geographic regions and/or hosts, with emphasis on molecular epidemiology.
  • Ecological and environmental studies assessing disease reservoirs and transmission.
  • Public health strategies incorporating One Health principles.
  • Advances in diagnostic tools, vaccines, and therapeutics.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for sharing cutting-edge research and multidisciplinary perspectives to enhance the global response to leptospirosis. By bridging gaps between research and practice, we aim to inform effective interventions that align with One Health objectives, ultimately contributing to the prevention and control of this neglected yet impactful disease.

Dr. Maria Isabel Nogueira Di Azevedo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Leptospira
  • zoonotic diseases
  • environmental health
  • public health strategies
  • bacterial infection

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 988 KiB  
Article
Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Leptospira interrogans Identified in Small Non-Flying Mammals from Southeastern Atlantic Forest, Brazil
by Maria Isabel Nogueira Di Azevedo, Ana Clara dos Reis Soares, Camila Ezepha, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa, Anahi Souto Vieira and Walter Lilenbaum
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10030062 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health importance caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Small non-flying mammals are important reservoirs of the pathogen. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot located in a densely populated area and subject [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health importance caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Small non-flying mammals are important reservoirs of the pathogen. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot located in a densely populated area and subject to intense degradation. Although documented through serosurveys and the detection of leptospiral DNA in wild small mammals, no study has performed a genetic characterization of the bacteria in the region. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires identified in small non-flying mammals in the Southeast Atlantic Forest and to perform intraspecific genetic inferences with other hosts. The studied area included five different conservation units. Molecular diagnosis was performed based on the lipl32 gene. The SLST typing method was applied based on the secY gene. In total, 56% of samples were lipL32-PCR-positive and identified as L. interrogans, with a high genetic identity among them, distributed in four main haplogroups. The largest haplogroup also included reference sequences from humans, dogs, and urban rats, all belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Our results reinforce the role of small mammals as important carriers of L. interrogans and highlight the Atlantic Forest as a significant environment for the circulation and dissemination of spirochetes with zoonotic potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptospirosis and One Health)
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