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Processes, Volume 9, Issue 8

August 2021 - 222 articles

Cover Story: Water transport in food materials during freeze-drying is of high interest for maintaining high quality at lower costs. The vapor transport through the pores is, besides the chemical composition of the food material, based on physical properties like the internal pore structure. In frozen materials, especially the size and the arrangement of the ice crystals determines the open pore structure and a good interconnection of the pores during drying. In this study, the dependency of the internal structure of granular instant beverage powder on process parameters in a scraped surface heat exchanger is analyzed. The impact of this pore structure on freeze-drying kinetics is investigated to reduce the drying time. View this paper
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Articles (222)

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
10,338 Views
51 Pages

Is Gutta-Percha Still the “Gold Standard” among Filling Materials in Endodontic Treatment?

  • Joanna Dobrzańska,
  • Lech B. Dobrzański,
  • Leszek A. Dobrzański,
  • Klaudiusz Gołombek and
  • Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz

23 August 2021

The paper is an extensive monographic review of the literature, and also uses the results of the authors’ own experimental research illustrating the noticed developmental tendencies of the filling material based on gutta-percha. The whole body of lit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,490 Views
11 Pages

23 August 2021

The atmospheric corrosion of weathering steels varies as a function of geographic zone, season, and other environmental variables related to that region which the experiments have been done. Meanwhile, rusting is a continuous process, and it is the m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
6,862 Views
25 Pages

Investigating the Impact of Economic Uncertainty on Optimal Sizing of Grid-Independent Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

  • Mostafa Rezaei,
  • Udaya Dampage,
  • Barun K. Das,
  • Omaima Nasif,
  • Piotr F. Borowski and
  • Mohamed A. Mohamed

23 August 2021

One of the many barriers to decarbonization and decentralization of the energy sector in developing countries is the economic uncertainty. As such, this study scrutinizes economics of three grid-independent hybrid renewable-based systems proposed to...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,707 Views
13 Pages

23 August 2021

The BbRib gene participates in the infection process of Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana). It also helps pathogenic fungi to escape and defeat the insect host immune defense system by regulating the innate immune response. However, model insects are r...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,881 Views
13 Pages

Assessment of the Effective Impact of Bisphenols on Mitochondrial Activity, Viability and Steroidogenesis in a Dose-Dependency in Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells

  • Nikola Knížatová,
  • Hana Greifová,
  • Katarína Tokárová,
  • Tomáš Jambor,
  • Łukasz J. Binkowski and
  • Norbert Lukáč

23 August 2021

In recent years, bisphenol analogues such as bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) have come to replace bisphenol A (BPA) in food packaging and food containers, since BPA has been shown to leach into food and water, causing nume...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,598 Views
18 Pages

23 August 2021

High concentrations of particulate COD (pCOD) in the influent of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems are often associated to small granule diameter and a large fraction of flocculent sludge. At high particulate concentrations even granule stability...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,256 Views
14 Pages

The Expression of UGT46A1 Gene and Its Effect on Silkworm Feeding

  • Wenting Song,
  • Yixuan Fan,
  • Feifei Zhu,
  • Rehab Hosny Taha and
  • Keping Chen

23 August 2021

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, uses a complex olfactory system to determine whether the food is edible. As an odor degrading enzyme, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) participates in the degradation of odor molecules in the olfactory system of the silkworm....

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,389 Views
18 Pages

23 August 2021

The energy efficiency of the enhanced geothermal system (EGS) measures the economic value of the heat production and electricity generation, and it is a key indicator of system production performance. Presently there is no systematic study on the inf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,074 Views
21 Pages

Adaptive PID Control and Its Application Based on a Double-Layer BP Neural Network

  • Ming-Li Zhang,
  • Yi-Jie Zhang,
  • Xiao-Long He and
  • Zheng-Jie Gao

23 August 2021

In this paper, focusing on the inconvenience of variable value PID based on manual parameter adjustment for the hydraulic drive unit (HDU) of a legged robot, a method employing double-layer back propagation (BP) neural networks for learning the law o...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,924 Views
19 Pages

Model Discrimination for Hydrogen Peroxide Consumption towards γ-Alumina in Homogeneous Liquid and Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Systems

  • Daniele Di Menno Di Bucchianico,
  • Wander Y. Perez-Sena,
  • Valeria Casson Moreno,
  • Tapio Salmi and
  • Sébastien Leveneur

23 August 2021

The use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent becomes increasingly important in chemistry. The example of vegetable oil epoxidation is an excellent illustration of the potential of such an agent. This reaction is traditionally performed by Prile...

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Processes - ISSN 2227-9717