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Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses

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A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2022) | Viewed by 24341

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shu-Yii Wu

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemical Engineering FENG CHIA UNIVERSITY 100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
Interests: reactor design; bio-hydrogen production technology; electrochemical deposition technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Chyi-How Lay

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Guest Editor

General Education Center/Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
Interests: biorefinery engineering; biogas production; microalgae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Pau Loke Show

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
Interests: biotechnology; bioprocess; bioengineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Processes is announcing a Call for Papers for a forthcoming issue on “Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses”

Biohydrogen from both fossil and renewable biomass resources is a sustainable source of energy that is not limited and has different applications. The most commonly used techniques of biohydrogen production include direct biophotolysis, indirect biophotolysis, photo-fermentation, and dark-fermentation, conventional or “modern” techniques. The main limitations inherent to biochemical reactions for hydrogen production and design are the constraints in reactor configuration which influence biohydrogen production, and these have been identified. Physical pretreatments, modifications in reactor design, and biochemical and genetic manipulation techniques that are being developed to enhance the overall rates and yields of biohydrogen generation are important.

This Special Issue aims to provide a platform to showcase the recent and advanced technologies in biohydrogen and bioprocesses. The key goals of this Special Issue are to generate research on the integrated biological and environmental bioprocesses that are particularly useful for the production of biofuels and bioproducts using new technologies.

Areas of interest include:

Bioenergy: Biohydrogen and biohythane; biogas and gas upgrading; microbial electrical cells; bioelectro-chemical systems; biomass and biofuels.
Bioprocesses: Waste-to-energy; biorefinery and bioprocess.
Energy management systems: Green synergy; energy storage; intelligent grids; intelligent green buildings.
New and renewable energy: green hydrogen; power to gas.
Socio-economy, environment and policy: Energy awareness; economical appraisal; energy conservation; life cycle assessment (LCA); circular economy; energy policy; hydrogen economy.

All the authors of accepted contributions at ABBS2020 and 6th POCER conferences with topics related to sustainable development are invited to submit manuscripts to Processes under the Special Issue “Advances Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses”.

Prof. Dr. Shu-Yii Wu
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chyi-How LAY
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pau Loke Show
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

biohydrogen
bioprocesses
sustainability
processes
green technology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1456 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Fumaric Acid Production by R. arrhizus NRRL 1526 Using Apple Pomace Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Kinetic Modelling

by Victor Martin-Dominguez, Jorge Garcia-Montalvo, Alberto Garcia-Martin, Miguel Ladero and Victoria E. Santos

Processes 2022, 10(12), 2624; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122624 - 07 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1386

Abstract

Fumaric acid is one of the most promising biorefinery platform chemicals, fruit residues being a very suitable raw material for its production in second generation biorefineries. In particular, apple pomace is a plentiful residue from the apple juice industry, with apple being the second largest fruit crop in the world, with a production that increased from 46 to 86 Mtons in the 1994–2021 period. With a global apple juice production of more than 4.5 Mtons, a similar amount of apple pomace is produced yearly. In this work, apple pomace hydrolysate has been obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and further characterized for its content in sugars, phenolics and nitrogen using different analytic methods, based on HPLC and colorimetric techniques. Previous to the use of this hydrolysate (APH), we studied if the addition of fructose to the usual glucose-rich broth could lead to high fumaric acid yields, titers and productivities. Afterwards, APH fermentation was performed and improved using different nitrogen initial amounts, obtaining production yields (0.32 g_{Fumaric acid}/g_{consumed sugar}) similar to those obtained with synthetic media (0.38 g_{Fumaric acid}/g_{consumed sugar}). Kinetic modelling was employed to evaluate, explain, and understand the experimental values and trends of relevant components in the fermentation broth as functions of the bioprocess time, proposing a suitable reaction scheme and a non-structured, non-segregated kinetic model based on it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses)

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10 pages, 25098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Modeling Application for GHG Fluxes Estimates in Betel Nuts Plantations in Taiwan

by Adriano Palma, Chen-Yeon Chu, Francesco Petracchini, Mei-Ling Yeh, Cheng-Ting Wu and Yu-Chen Lai

Processes 2021, 9(5), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050895 - 19 May 2021

Viewed by 1805

Abstract

Perennial woody crops could have a positive impact on carbon balance, absorbing carbon during growing season and storing it for several years, whereas annual crops do not have this particular effect. Usually, techniques for GHG (greenhouse gases) flux measurements have limited spatial representativeness, with some difficulties to extend leaf measurements to field scale. Models, especially if supported by remote sensing data, allow for upscaling the monitoring of these fluxes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the carbon fluxes (gross primary production, GPP; net ecosystem production, NEP) of the betel nut cultivars in Taiwan by a vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM). The model permitted estimating seasonal dynamics of GPP in a moist tropical evergreen forest. These plantations are very common in Taiwan and their role could be significant in environmental and development policies even though, until now, the consumption of the fruit of this tree is at the center of controversy due to their use and effects on the population. To obtain estimates of carbon fluxes on a large area that would appreciate its spatial variability, a model based on physiological processes was used. This model incorporated a series of procedures and monthly mean meteorological data, light use efficiency, and satellite enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were used as inputs. An additional purpose of this work was to compare the carbon uptake of different cultivars in Taiwan and Italy. Using a different model, always based on light use efficiency, a similar project was carried on Italian vineyards, with other climate conditions and different agricultural practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses)

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19 pages, 10684 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Graphene-Based Grease as a Heat Conduction Material for Hectowatt-Level LEDs: A Natural Convection Experiment

by Chih-Neng Hsu, Keng-Wei Lee and Chun-Chih Chen

Processes 2021, 9(5), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050847 - 12 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2098

Abstract

In this study, a self-adjusting concentration of graphene thermal grease was developed to reduce the contact surface thermal resistance of 50 W light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The purpose was to identify an important type of heat conduction material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, which can be applied to the contact surface of various high-heat sources or concentrated heat sources to achieve seamless heat transfer with an extremely low thermal resistance state. The contact heat conduction material conductivity reached the highest K value of 13.4 W/m·K with a 15 wt.% self-adjusting concentration of graphene grease. This material could continuously achieve a completely uniform and rapid thermal diffusion of heat energy. Therefore, we performed an analysis of chip-on-board light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a highly concentrated heat source, which showed excellent heat dissipation under natural convection heat transfer. As such, this study achieved the natural convection mechanism and a heat sink volume thermal performance capacity of 473,750 mm³ for LEDs under 50 W, but those over 50 W require an enhanced forced convection solution and a heat sink volume thermal performance capacity between 473,750 mm³ and 947,500 mm³. If the heat source dissipation reaches 100 W, the volume capacity must be at least 947,500 mm³ for lighting equipment applications. In the experimental study, we also verified and analyzed the research data, including an analysis of the measured data, grease component wt.%, heat sink material selection, increase in heat sink volume, heat transfer path, and contact surface, a discrimination analysis of infrared thermal images, and an analysis of flow visualization, which were conducted to ensure quantitative and qualitative improvement, provide a mechanism for judging the technical performance, and provide research results to enable discussion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses)

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25 pages, 9011 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Synthesis of Large-Scale Bio-Hydrogen Network Using Waste Gas from Landfill and Anaerobic Digestion: A P-Graph Approach

by Sadaf Hemmati, M. Mostafa Elnegihi, Chee Hoong Lee, Darren Yu Lun Chong, Dominic C. Y. Foo, Bing Shen How and ChangKyoo Yoo

Processes 2020, 8(5), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8050505 - 26 Apr 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4672

Abstract

Due to the expanding concern on cleaner production and sustainable development aspects, a technology shift is needed for the hydrogen production, which is commonly derived from natural gas. This work aims to synthesise a large-scale bio-hydrogen network in which its feedstock, i.e., bio-methane, is originated from landfill gas and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Landfill gas goes through a biogas upgrader where high-purity bio-methane is produced, while POME is converted to bio-methane using anaerobic digestor (AD). The generated bio-methane is then distributed to the corresponding hydrogen sink (e.g., oil refinery) through pipelines, and subsequently converted into hydrogen via steam methane reforming (SMR) process. In this work, P-graph framework is used to determine a supply network with minimum cost, while ensuring the hydrogen demands are satisfied. Two case studies in the West and East Coasts of Peninsular Malaysia are used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed model. In Case Study 1, four scenarios on the West Coast have been considered, showing total cost saving ranging between 25.9% and 49.5%. This showed that aside from the positive environmental impact, the incorporation of bio-hydrogen supply can also be economically feasible. Such benefits can also be seen in Case Study 2, where the uptake of biogas from landfill and POME sources on the East Coast can lead to a 31% reduction on total network cost. In addition, the effect of bio-hydrogen supply network on carbon footprint reduction was analysed in this work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses)

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Review

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13 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on Recent Progress in Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Cancer Classification on Gene Expression Data

by Aina Umairah Mazlan, Noor Azida Sahabudin, Muhammad Akmal Remli, Nor Syahidatul Nadiah Ismail, Mohd Saberi Mohamad, Hui Wen Nies and Nor Bakiah Abd Warif

Processes 2021, 9(8), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081466 - 22 Aug 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4621

Abstract

Data-driven model with predictive ability are important to be used in medical and healthcare. However, the most challenging task in predictive modeling is to construct a prediction model, which can be addressed using machine learning (ML) methods. The methods are used to learn and trained the model using a gene expression dataset without being programmed explicitly. Due to the vast amount of gene expression data, this task becomes complex and time consuming. This paper provides a recent review on recent progress in ML and deep learning (DL) for cancer classification, which has received increasing attention in bioinformatics and computational biology. The development of cancer classification methods based on ML and DL is mostly focused on this review. Although many methods have been applied to the cancer classification problem, recent progress shows that most of the successful techniques are those based on supervised and DL methods. In addition, the sources of the healthcare dataset are also described. The development of many machine learning methods for insight analysis in cancer classification has brought a lot of improvement in healthcare. Currently, it seems that there is highly demanded further development of efficient classification methods to address the expansion of healthcare applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses)

22 pages, 4513 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Green Pathway in Utilizing CO₂ via Cycloaddition Reaction with Epoxide—A Mini Review

by Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Muhammad Amirul Amin Mohamad Shukri, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Jun Wei Lim, Pau Loke Show, Man Kee Lam and Suttichai Assabumrungrat

Processes 2020, 8(5), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8050548 - 08 May 2020

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 8273

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) has been anticipated as an ideal carbon building block for organic synthesis due to the noble properties of CO₂, which are abundant renewable carbon feedstock, non-toxic nature, and contributing to a more sustainable use of resources. Several green and proficient routes have been established for chemical CO₂ fixation. Among the prominent routes, this review epitomizes the reactions involving cycloaddition of epoxides with CO₂ in producing cyclic carbonate. Cyclic carbonate has been widely used as a polar aprotic solvent, as an electrolyte in Li-ion batteries, and as precursors for various forms of chemical synthesis such as polycarbonates and polyurethanes. This review provides an overview in terms of the reaction mechanistic pathway and recent advances in the development of several classes of catalysts, including homogeneous organocatalysts (e.g., organic salt, ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvents), organometallic (e.g., mono-, bi-, and tri-metal salen complexes and non-salen complexes) and heterogeneous supported catalysts, and metal organic framework (MOF). Selection of effective catalysts for various epoxide substrates is very important in determining the cycloaddition operating condition. Under their catalytic systems, all classes of these catalysts, with regard to recent developments, can exhibit CO₂ cycloaddition of terminal epoxide substrates at ambient temperatures and low CO₂ pressure. Although highly desired conversion can be achieved for internal epoxide substrates, higher temperature and pressure are normally required. This includes fatty acid-derived terminal epoxides for oleochemical carbonate production. The production of fully renewable resources by employment of bio-based epoxy with biorefinery concept and potential enhancement of cycloaddition reactions are pointed out as well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Biohydrogen and Bioprocesses)

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