Children, Volume 12, Issue 3

Although there are over 5 million cases of snakebites each year, up-to-date data on epidemiology and management in European children are lacking in literature. Snakebite envenoming is a rare but potentially life-threatening event, and children are mo...

Background/Objectives: Preterm infants represent a population group at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and for its negative impact on various outcomes like metabolic bone disease or rickets, respiratory complications like respiratory di...

Introduction: Childhood malnutrition remains a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) are at a higher risk of worsening nutritional status with adverse clinical outcomes. The burden of m...

Biliary atresia, a rare pediatric liver condition, results in blocked bile ducts, impeding bile secretion and causing significant nutritional challenges. This perspective emphasizes the critical role of nutrition in supporting children with biliary a...

Background: The prone position is one of the most frequently used treatment options for infants with Robin sequence (RS), but its effect and its safety regarding the increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome are controversial. Methods: In a pros...

Background/Objectives: Childhood eating behaviors result from a complex interplay of familial, social, and environmental factors, influenced by socioeconomic and cultural contexts. These behaviors impact dietary habits, nutritional status, and long-t...

Background and Purpose: Medulloblastoma (MB) represents the predominant intracranial neoplasm observed in pediatric populations, characterized by a five-year survival rate ranging from 60% to 80%. Anticipating the prognostic outcome of medulloblastom...

Background: Children with disabilities face an increased risk of neglect and maltreatment due to their dependence on caregivers, social isolation, and challenges in seeking help. While extensive research has examined child abuse, neglect remains an u...

Social media usage among adolescents has significantly increased in recent years, playing a crucial role in contemporary youth culture. The increasing adoption of the internet across all age groups has led to numerous benefits, but also concerns rega...

Background/Objectives: Complementary feeding (CF) influences future health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of fortified whole grain infant cereal (WGIC), a complementary food, among 6- to 12-month-old infants on the nutrien...

Background/Objectives: Habits such as a diet high in sugars and poor dental biofilm control are linked to a higher prevalence of caries and low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to analyze the nutrition habits of schoolchildren in Mallorca and t...

Background/Objectives: The GO-TRYKE^® Kid (GTK^®) is an arm- and leg-powered tricycle which, in addition to promoting strength, endurance, and coordination, aims to reactivate the central pattern generators of the spine for locomotion through c...

Background: The MeMed BV^® BV score is a novel, promising host-protein score, differentiating bacterial from viral infections, that combines the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma...

Objectives: Social factors play a crucial role in health outcomes for pediatric patients, yet in the neurosurgery pediatric literature, these factors are rarely reported. To develop a deeper understanding of pediatric spine trauma outcomes, we invest...

Background: Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign, non-aggressive fibro-osseous tumor in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous tissue containing collagen fibers, bone, or cementum-like material. Although COF is rare in children, its occurren...

Background/Objectives: Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) has been the foundational resuscitation approach for decades. Where CCPR is unsuccessful, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted CPR (ECPR) may improve outcomes. Predictin...

Background: Childhood obesity and overweight conditions impact systemic health and craniofacial development. Objectives: This review assessed the influence of elevated body mass index (BMI) on craniofacial morphology, considering age, sex, and ethnic...

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected children’s lives, particularly preschool-aged children who undergo rapid biological and psychosocial development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-1...

Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis are microbially associated diseases, with some features characteristic of pediatric age and others linked to systemic diseases. While the role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria is well recognized, the contrib...

Background: Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is an inborn error affecting fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Differently than other FAO deficiencies, LCHADD patients may develop progressive retinopathy and peripheral neu...

Background/Objectives: There is a paucity of research that explores the effectiveness of the Sequential Oral Sensory (SOS) Approach to Feeding. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the necessary components for the implementation of a...

Background: Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) poses a significant clinical challenge in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) within Japan. Despite the existing availability of tools to assess pain and delirium, a validated instrument specificall...

Background/Objectives: Perinatal asphyxia constitutes a major complication of the perinatal period with well-described effects on multiple organs and systems of the neonate; its impact, though, on the ovaries is hardly known. The objective of the pre...

Introduction: Tooth autotransplantation is a well-established dental surgical procedure. However, third molar autotransplantation to bony free flaps is rarely performed. We present a case of two impacted wisdom teeth that were transplanted to a DCIA...

Background/Objectives: Feeding difficulties in late preterm infants are a major factor contributing to prolonged hospitalization and re-admission. Early support for the sucking and swallowing muscles may accelerate their maturation, facilitating safe...

Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Recent evidence indicates a significant relationship between...

Missed or delayed heart disease diagnoses pose a major challenge in pediatric primary care. Many cardiac conditions present with subtle or nonspecific symptoms that resemble benign childhood illnesses, making their prompt recognition difficult. This...

Background: Knowledge of the relative contributions to different growth areas in the proximal femur and acetabulum is limited due to the complex anatomy and lack of growth markers in children. There is increasing interest in using guided growth to im...

Background: The use of patient-reported outcomes is essential to understand and manage health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in youth with lifelong disabilities. This study evaluated HRQOL in youth with physical disorders and examined its relationsh...

Background: Multiple genes can disrupt hypothalamic–pituitary axis development, causing multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD). Despite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) identifying over 30 key genes, 85% of cases remain unso...

Objective: Several surgical approaches are being used in the reconstruction of long-gap esophageal atresia. We investigated which methods are being used in the Nordic countries and the postoperative complications that occurred in the first year of li...

Background: This pilot investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Global Intensive Feeding Therapy (GIFT) on feeding and swallowing abilities in children with CHARGE Syndrome (CS). GIFT is a novel rehabilitation program designed to leverage the...

Background: Physical fitness is vital for children’s development and future health. However, Asian preschool-aged populations lack robust physical fitness benchmarks. Objectives: This study aimed to establish age- and sex-specific physical fitn...

Objectives: Severe hypoglycemia is more common among young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) than older youth, and parents report significant hypoglycemia fear (HF). Parents experiencing HF describe constant and extreme worry about the oc...

Background/Objectives: The implementation of preventive treatments in pediatric dental care has been a priority in recent years. Understanding the factors that influence the timing and frequency of childhood preventive treatments, such as the impacts...

Background/Objectives: Mental health disorders among children and adolescents represent a significant global health challenge, with approximately 50% of conditions emerging before age 14. Despite substantial investment in services, persistent barrier...

Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) frequently face a range of intricate health challenges that go beyond their main condition. Respiratory problems represent one of the most crucial factors contributing to morbidity and mortality. This revie...

Objectives: Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy is common, accounting for over 80% of all medications prescribed. Antibiotics in pregnancy are linked to increased childhood disease risk, through direct toxicity or potentially microbiome dysbiosis. T...

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a severe and life-threatening condition caused by pathogens in the systemic circulation within the first 28 days of life. The classical definition of neonatal sepsis implies positive central cultures, but recent findi...

Neonatal mortality, particularly due to early-onset sepsis (EOS), remains a pressing issue in Eastern Europe, with Romania experiencing one of the highest neonatal mortality rates in the European Union. EOS, caused by bacterial infections within the...

Background/Objectives: Children’s mental health is an issue of growing global concern, with a significant impact on children’s emotional, social and cognitive development. In recent years, digital apps and platforms have emerged as innova...

Background: Evidence of the beneficial effects of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) on patients admitted to paediatric hospitals is growing. However, there is still little information about healthcare professionals’ knowledge of and attitudes...

Background: Children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) have abnormal intestinal anatomy, secretion, or motility, which can lead to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). In this paper, we describe our experience with SIBO in children with SBS, f...

Background: Blood pressure elevation in children is an important health concern. The extent to which hypertension is diagnosed in German pediatric practices is not yet known. The aim of this study is, therefore, to examine the prevalence of hypertens...

Background: Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disease. Extended neonatal screening currently includes GD in several different regions. Decision on when to start enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) upon confirmed diagnosis or upon...

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a hyperinflammatory and potentially fatal complication associated with rheumatologic disorders. In Kawasaki disease (KD), MAS is a rare and poorly described condition, making its differentiation fro...

Background: The worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity necessitates effective prevention and treatment strategies. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) offer guidance, but significant heterogeneity or lack of practical application e...

Background/Objectives: Effective infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) relies on high-quality chest compressions, yet the optimal technique for single-rescuer scenarios remains debated. Although widely used, the two-finger technique (TFT) is ass...

Background/Objectives: A common reason for a pediatrician’s visit is acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATR), which is usually caused by viruses. A dietary supplement comprising Pelargonium sidoides extract, honey, propolis, and zinc was proposed as an...

Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), is an exceedingly rare genetic disorder characterized by the inability to perceive pain, inability to sw...