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Brain Sciences, Volume 9, Issue 12

December 2019 - 53 articles

Cover Story: Clinical data suggest that deafferentation-related disinhibition tends to occur primarily in the aged brain. Therefore, aging-related disinhibition may, in part, be related to the high metabolic demands of inhibitory neurons relative to their excitatory counterparts. These findings suggest that both deafferentation-related maladaptive plastic changes and aging-related metabolic factors combine to produce changes in central auditory function. Here, we explore the arguments that downregulation of inhibition may be due to homeostatic responses to diminished afferent input vs. metabolic vulnerability of inhibitory neurons in the aged brain. Understanding the relative importance of these mechanisms will be critical for the development of treatments for the underlying causes of aging-related central disinhibition. View this paper
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Articles (53)

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,993 Views
3 Pages

Reports of L-Norvaline Toxicity in Humans May Be Greatly Overstated

  • Baruh Polis,
  • Michael A. Gilinsky and
  • Abraham O. Samson

17 December 2019

Recently, a study published in “Toxicology In Vitro” (Kate Samardzic and Kenneth J. Rodgers) was entitled: “Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by the Dietary Supplement L-Norvaline”. The title may be greatly ove...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,142 Views
22 Pages

Neurologic Injury and Brain Growth in the Setting of Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia Perioperative Critical Care: A Pilot Study

  • Samuel S. Rudisill,
  • Jue T. Wang,
  • Camilo Jaimes,
  • Chandler R. L. Mongerson,
  • Anne R. Hansen,
  • Russell W. Jennings and
  • Dusica Bajic

17 December 2019

We previously showed that infants born with long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) demonstrate clinically significant brain MRI findings following repair with the Foker process. The current pilot study sought to identify any pre-existing (PRE-Foker proce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,263 Views
16 Pages

Experience Matters: The Effects of Hypothetical versus Experiential Delays and Magnitudes on Impulsive Choice in Delay Discounting Tasks

  • Catherine C. Steele,
  • MacKenzie Gwinner,
  • Travis Smith,
  • Michael E. Young and
  • Kimberly Kirkpatrick

16 December 2019

Impulsive choice in humans is typically measured using hypothetical delays and rewards. In two experiments, we determined how experiencing the delay and/or the reward affected impulsive choice behavior. Participants chose between two amounts of real...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,246 Views
16 Pages

16 December 2019

Intrinsic functional connectivity networks derived from different neuroimaging methods and connectivity estimators have revealed robust developmental trends linked to behavioural and cognitive maturation. The present study employed a dynamic function...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,338 Views
18 Pages

A Pathway-Based Genomic Approach to Identify Medications: Application to Alcohol Use Disorder

  • Laura B. Ferguson,
  • Shruti Patil,
  • Bailey A. Moskowitz,
  • Igor Ponomarev,
  • Robert A. Harris,
  • Roy D. Mayfield and
  • Robert O. Messing

16 December 2019

Chronic, excessive alcohol use alters brain gene expression patterns, which could be important for initiating, maintaining, or progressing the addicted state. It has been proposed that pharmaceuticals with opposing effects on gene expression could tr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,390 Views
13 Pages

Reduced Apoptotic Injury by Phenothiazine in Ischemic Stroke through the NOX-Akt/PKC Pathway

  • Yanna Tong,
  • Kenneth B. Elkin,
  • Changya Peng,
  • Jiamei Shen,
  • Fengwu Li,
  • Longfei Guan,
  • Yu Ji,
  • Wenjing Wei,
  • Xiaokun Geng and
  • Yuchuan Ding

15 December 2019

Phenothiazine treatment has been shown to reduce post-stroke ischemic injury, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study sought to confirm the neuroprotective effects of phenothiazines and to explore the role of the NOX (nicotinamide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,575 Views
9 Pages

14 December 2019

Many studies have examined the relationship between cognition, and the cingulum and uncinate fasciculus (UF). In this study, diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) was used to investigate the correlation between fractional-anisotropy (FA) values and the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,229 Views
14 Pages

13 December 2019

Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a technology used to convert brain signals to control external devices. Researchers have designed and built many interfaces and applications in the last couple of decades. BCI is used for prevention, detection,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,385 Views
14 Pages

Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior

  • Rickie Miglin,
  • Nadia Bounoua,
  • Shelly Goodling,
  • Ana Sheehan,
  • Jeffrey M. Spielberg and
  • Naomi Sadeh

13 December 2019

Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
8,866 Views
10 Pages

Spatial Neglect in Stroke: Identification, Disease Process and Association with Outcome During Inpatient Rehabilitation

  • Ulrike Hammerbeck,
  • Matthew Gittins,
  • Andy Vail,
  • Lizz Paley,
  • Sarah F Tyson and
  • Audrey Bowen

13 December 2019

We established spatial neglect prevalence, disease profile and amount of therapy that inpatient stroke survivors received, and outcomes at discharge using Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) data. We used data from 88,664 National Health...

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Brain Sci. - ISSN 2076-3425