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Brain Sciences, Volume 8, Issue 4

April 2018 - 26 articles

Cover Story: The cover image shows a representation of the molecular model of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and important residues in the primary binding pocket. We discuss in vitro and in silico approaches distinguishing the pharmacological, functional and structural changes of the novel psychoactive substances (NPS), diphenidine (DPH) and 2-methoxydiphenidine (2-MXP), when bound to DAT. Our data suggest that DPH can have addictive liability, unlike 2-MXP, despite their chemical similarities. The computational findings corroborate the above and explain the conformational responses and atomistic processes within DAT during its interactions with the dissociative NPS. View this paper
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Articles (26)

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,687 Views
17 Pages

Prediction of Human Performance Using Electroencephalography under Different Indoor Room Temperatures

  • Tapsya Nayak,
  • Tinghe Zhang,
  • Zijing Mao,
  • Xiaojing Xu,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Daniel J. Pack,
  • Bing Dong and
  • Yufei Huang

Varying indoor environmental conditions is known to affect office worker’s performance; wherein past research studies have reported the effects of unfavorable indoor temperature and air quality causing sick building syndrome (SBS) among office...

  • Review
  • Open Access
79 Citations
14,768 Views
17 Pages

Abuse of Prescription Drugs in the Context of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS): A Systematic Review

  • Fabrizio Schifano,
  • Stefania Chiappini,
  • John M. Corkery and
  • Amira Guirguis

Recently, a range of prescription and over-the-counter drugs have been reportedly used as Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS), due to their potential for abuse resulting from their high dosage/idiosyncratic methods of self-administration. This paper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
7,551 Views
23 Pages

The GABAA Receptor α2 Subunit Activates a Neuronal TLR4 Signal in the Ventral Tegmental Area that Regulates Alcohol and Nicotine Abuse

  • Irina Balan,
  • Kaitlin T. Warnock,
  • Adam Puche,
  • Marjorie C. Gondre-Lewis,
  • Harry June and
  • Laure Aurelian

Alcoholism initiates with episodes of excessive alcohol drinking, known as binge drinking, which is one form of excessive drinking (NIAAA Newsletter, 2004) that is related to impulsivity and anxiety (Ducci et al., 2007; Edenberg et al., 2004) and is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
17,790 Views
14 Pages

Subjective Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Association between Discrimination and Depression in African American Youth

  • Shervin Assari,
  • Brianna Preiser,
  • Maryam Moghani Lankarani and
  • Cleopatra H. Caldwell

Background: Most of the literature on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health is focused on the protective effects of SES. However, a growing literature suggests that high SES may also operate as a vulnerability factor. Aims: Us...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,044 Views
15 Pages

Sex Specific Alterations in α4*Nicotinic Receptor Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens

  • Joan Y. Holgate,
  • Josephine R. Tarren and
  • Selena E. Bartlett

Background: The mechanisms leading from traumatic stress to social, emotional and cognitive impairment and the development of mental illnesses are still undetermined and consequently there remains a critical need to develop therapies for preventing t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
8,576 Views
22 Pages

Epilepsy and Neuromodulation—Randomized Controlled Trials

  • Churl-Su Kwon,
  • Valeria Ripa,
  • Omar Al-Awar,
  • Fedor Panov,
  • Saadi Ghatan and
  • Nathalie Jetté

Neuromodulation is a treatment strategy that is increasingly being utilized in those suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy who are not appropriate for resective surgery. The number of double-blinded RCTs demonstrating the efficacy of neurostimulatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,752 Views
17 Pages

Revisiting Strephosymbolie: The Connection between Interhemispheric Transfer and Developmental Dyslexia

  • Roberta Daini,
  • Paola De Fabritiis,
  • Chiara Ginocchio,
  • Carlo Lenti,
  • Cristina Michela Lentini,
  • Donatella Marzorati and
  • Maria Luisa Lorusso

The hypothesis that an atypical hemispheric specialization is associated to developmental dyslexia (DD) is receiving renewed interest, lending some support to Orton’s theory. In this article, we investigated whether interhemispheric transfer pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5,294 Views
17 Pages

What Is Going On? The Process of Generating Questions about Emotion and Social Cognition in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia with Cartoon Situations and Faces

  • Bryan D. Fantie,
  • Mary H. Kosmidis,
  • Maria Giannakou,
  • Sotiria Moza,
  • Athanasios Karavatos and
  • Vassilis P. Bozikas

Regarding the notion of putative “best” practices in social neuroscience and science in general, we contend that following established procedures has advantages, but prescriptive uniformity in methodology can obscure flaws, bias thinking,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,670 Views
8 Pages

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Patients with Parkinson Disease with Prior Pallidotomy or Thalamotomy

  • Elena A. Khabarova,
  • Natalia P. Denisova,
  • Aleksandr B. Dmitriev,
  • Konstantin V. Slavin and
  • Leo Verhagen Metman

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who previously underwent lesioning of the basal ganglia. Material and methods. The study included 22 patients w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,589 Views
22 Pages

The Effect of Axon Resealing on Retrograde Neuronal Death after Spinal Cord Injury in Lamprey

  • Guixin Zhang,
  • William Rodemer,
  • Taemin Lee,
  • Jianli Hu and
  • Michael E. Selzer

Failure of axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals is due to both extrinsic inhibitory factors and to neuron-intrinsic factors. The importance of intrinsic factors is illustrated in the sea lamprey by the 18 pairs of large, i...

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Brain Sci. - ISSN 2076-3425