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Brain Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 1

January 2025 - 96 articles

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Cover Story: The following study explores the complex relationships between specific Theory-of-Mind (ToM) dimensions, sleep duration, and cognitive planning in healthy aging and individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Our findings revealed that non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) is linked to significant ToM impairments, particularly in understanding non-literal speech comprehension (sarcasm, humor, irony, and faux pas understanding) and third-order ToM story understanding; in comparison, amnestic MCI (aMCI) shows milder deficits. Reduced sleep duration impacts ToM performance indirectly through cognitive planning, highlighting the role of specific executive functions in social cognition. These insights underline the need for targeted interventions to improve social understanding and quality of life in older adults. View this paper

Articles (96)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,667 Views
22 Pages
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Vigorous Exercise Enhances Verbal Fluency Performance in Healthy Young Adults

  • Maya M. Khanna,
  • Corey L. Guenther,
  • Joan M. Eckerson,
  • Dion Talamante,
  • Mary Elizabeth Yeh,
  • Megan Forby,
  • Krystal Hopkins,
  • Emmali Munger,
  • Grace Rauh and
  • Shringala Chelluri
  • + 3 authors
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 96;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010096

20 January 2025

Background/Objectives: We examined the effects of cardiovascular exercise on verbal fluency using a between-groups design. Methods: Within our experimental (i.e., exercise) group, participants performed phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks (VFT...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,318 Views
22 Pages
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EEG-Based ADHD Classification Using Autoencoder Feature Extraction and ResNet with Double Augmented Attention Mechanism

  • Jayoti Bansal,
  • Gaurav Gangwar,
  • Mohammad Aljaidi,
  • Ali Alkoradees and
  • Gagandeep Singh
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 95;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010095

20 January 2025

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represents a widely prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition in pediatric populations, often exhibiting a substantial propensity to persist into adulthood. ADHD is a multifac...

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  • Case Report
  • Open Access
5,053 Views
21 Pages
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The Body as a Vessel for Trauma: The Clinical Case Study of Aisha

  • Federica Visco-Comandini,
  • Alberto Barbieri,
  • Francesco Mancini and
  • Alessandra Ciolfi
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 94;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010094

20 January 2025

This case study examined the process of integration of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and sensorimotor psychotherapy (SP) in three-phase trauma treatment with a 32-year-old female Bengali refugee with Complex Post Traumatic Disorder (C-PTSD). The...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
1,442 Views
14 Pages
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The Neural Development of Chinese Lexical Tone Perception: A Mismatch Negativity Study Across Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood

  • Han Wu,
  • Yixiao Zhang,
  • Yiru Liu,
  • Shijun Zhang,
  • Linjun Zhang,
  • Hua Shu and
  • Yang Zhang
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 93;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010093

19 January 2025

Background/Objectives: In a tonal language like Chinese, phonologically contrasting tones signify word meanings at the syllable level. Although the development of lexical tone perception ability has been examined in many behavioral studies, its devel...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,882 Views
13 Pages
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Gustatory-Visual Interaction in Human Brain Cortex: fNIRS Study

  • Karolina Jezierska,
  • Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska,
  • Justyna Zaleska and
  • Wojciech Podraza
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 92;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010092

19 January 2025

Background: Many studies, for example, on taste-visual dissonance, have shown that the influence of the visual cortex on taste sensation is enormous. The presented work aims to investigate, using fNIRS, whether a taste stimulus, in this case, the tas...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,296 Views
22 Pages
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Exploring the Dimensions of Perfectionism in Adolescence: A Multi-Method Study on Mental Health and CBT-Based Psychoeducation

  • Magdalena Chęć,
  • Krystian Konieczny,
  • Sylwia Michałowska and
  • Karolina Rachubińska
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 91;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010091

19 January 2025

Background: Perfectionism in adolescents can have both adaptive and maladaptive forms, with implications for mental health and school performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among perfectionism, mental health factors, and emoti...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
1,529 Views
15 Pages
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Impact of Exercise on Tramadol-Conditioned Place Preference

  • Haneen Amawi,
  • Alaa M. Hammad,
  • Aseel Abdullah Ibrahim,
  • Nosyba Alsbih,
  • Frank Scott Hall,
  • Fawaz Alasmari and
  • Bahaa Al-Trad
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 89;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010089

18 January 2025

Background: Tramadol (TRA) is an opioid that is used to manage moderate to severe pain. Long-term use of TRA can lead to the development of opioid use disorder. Objectives: This study investigates the role of forced exercise in reducing TRA-seeking b...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
1,298 Views
18 Pages
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Differential Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Older Adults in England

  • Riccardo Manca,
  • Jason D. Flatt and
  • Annalena Venneri
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 90;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010090

18 January 2025

Background/Objectives: Sexual minority older adults (SMOAs) report greater subjective cognitive decline (SCD) than heterosexual older adults (HOAs). This study aimed to compare the impact of multiple psycho-social risk factors on objective and subjec...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,556 Views
14 Pages
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Performance of a Two-Week Rehabilitation Improves Motor Function in Inpatients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Pre–Post Study

  • Naomi Matsuda,
  • Yasuyuki Takamatsu,
  • Makoto Sawada and
  • Ikuko Aiba
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 88;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010088

17 January 2025

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by early postural instability and gait dysfunction, with frequent falls. Rehabilitation is an important therapeutic approach for motor dysfunction in patients with PSP. However, no con...

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  • Article
  • Open Access
3,074 Views
15 Pages
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Effects of a Distributed Form of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Clinical Application: The Keys Treatment Protocol

  • Sarah dos Anjos,
  • Mary Bowman and
  • David Morris
Brain Sci.2025, 15(1), 87;https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010087

17 January 2025

Background/Aim: Currently, there are limited evidence-based protocols for improving upper extremity (UE) motor function after stroke. The Keys protocol, a distributed form of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), delivers CIMT components in few...

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