Social Sciences

25 pages, 416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hesitation to Seek Healthcare Among Immigrants in a Restrictive State Context

by Elizabeth Aranda, Liz Ventura Molina, Elizabeth Vaquera, Emely Matos Pichardo and Osaro Iyamu

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070433 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025

This article focuses on how rising nativism, manifested through immigrants’ experiences of everyday discrimination, and Florida’s legal context (ascertained through immigrants’ fears of deportation), are related to immigrants’ hesitation when seeking healthcare services. Hesitation to seek healthcare, or healthcare hesitancy, is examined in [...] Read more.

This article focuses on how rising nativism, manifested through immigrants’ experiences of everyday discrimination, and Florida’s legal context (ascertained through immigrants’ fears of deportation), are related to immigrants’ hesitation when seeking healthcare services. Hesitation to seek healthcare, or healthcare hesitancy, is examined in the context of Florida’s SB1718, a law passed in 2023 that criminalized many aspects of being an immigrant. Based on a survey of 466 Florida immigrants and U.S. citizen adult children of immigrants, logistic regression analysis reveals that everyday experiences with discrimination are associated with a reluctance to seek healthcare services among this population. In particular, those with insecure legal immigrant status (i.e., undocumented and temporary statuses), those with financial hardship, and women demonstrate reluctance to engage with healthcare systems when controlling for other sociodemographic factors. Findings from this study exemplify how immigration policies that restrict access to healthcare and social services not only create logistical barriers to seeking care but also foster a climate of fear and exclusion that deters even those with legal status from seeking medical attention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migration, Citizenship and Social Rights)

3 pages, 136 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Shifting from Protection to Empowerment: Resilience-Based Approaches for Youth Digital Well-Being and Safety

by Pamela Wisniewski and Jinkyung Katie Park

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070432 - 14 Jul 2025

Abstract

In our increasingly digitized world, youth are not merely passive consumers of technology [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting the Digital Resilience of Youth)

23 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Authoritarianism in the 21st Century: A Proposal for Measuring Authoritarian Attitudes in Neoliberalism

by Esmeralda Nicieza-Cueto and María de la Villa Moral-Jiménez

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070431 - 13 Jul 2025

Viewed by 78

Abstract

The continuous crises of the neoliberal system have led to an authoritarian turn, with authoritarianism acquiring a different dimension since the studies of Altemeyer in 1981. The aim of the present study is to elaborate a scale to measure authoritarianism adapted to the [...] Read more.

The continuous crises of the neoliberal system have led to an authoritarian turn, with authoritarianism acquiring a different dimension since the studies of Altemeyer in 1981. The aim of the present study is to elaborate a scale to measure authoritarianism adapted to the contemporary era, the Neoliberal Authoritarianism Scale, and to test its validity and reliability. 232 people between the ages of 18 and 81 (X = 38.34; SD = 13.141) residing in Spain participated, consisting of 51.7% women and 38.8% men. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit of the four-factor model (χ²/df = 1.92; CFI = 0.993; TLI = 0.992; IFI = 0.993; GFI = 0.986; RMSEA = 0.041; SRMR = 0.063). The scale also showed an adequate internal consistency, with a global McDonald’s Omega of 0.893. Nevertheless, the Conventionalism factor needs to be improved (ω = 0.621). This scale is a first preliminary approach to measuring neoliberal authoritarianism, which may help to better understand its scope and impact on people’s lives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section International Politics and Relations)

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18 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bullying and Social Exclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs in Primary Education Schools

by Álvaro Carmona and Manuel Montanero

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070430 - 13 Jul 2025

Viewed by 143

Abstract

Children’s safety, well-being and inclusion in the school environment can be severely impacted by social isolation and bullying. This study examined these threats in a sample of 14 group-classes (291 students) from four different primary education schools. A total of 44 special educational [...] Read more.

Children’s safety, well-being and inclusion in the school environment can be severely impacted by social isolation and bullying. This study examined these threats in a sample of 14 group-classes (291 students) from four different primary education schools. A total of 44 special educational needs (SEN) students and 44 students without SEN were selected. The social network structure of each group-class was analysed, as well as the number of friendship ties, the degree of emotional well-being and social participation (both inside and outside of the school), and the possible cases of bullying. The results show a significantly greater rate of social rejection, emotional distress and risk of exclusion in SEN students with respect to their peers, as well as a considerably higher perception of bullying (38.6% vs. 4.8%). The SEN students who reported bullying were mostly schooled in social networks with a more segregated and fragmented structure. Moreover, the mean value obtained in these groups was lower for all the analysed indicators, although the differences were not statistically significant. These data support the idea that the social capital of the group class could influence the prevention of violence and bullying towards SEN students. However, further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm this. Lastly, strategies to promote the social inclusion of SEN students in primary education schools are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revisiting School Violence: Safety for Children in Schools)

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17 pages, 865 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Super-Cocooning Against Property Crime: Do Visual Primes Affect Support and Does Race Matter

by Hunter M. Boehme and Brandon Tregle

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070429 - 13 Jul 2025

Viewed by 113

Abstract

American citizens are significantly more likely to experience property crime victimization than violent crime victimization. During a staffing crisis, police prioritize limited resources in combating serious crime; however, property crimes remain impactful to the community. Therefore, agencies need to consider innovative ways to [...] Read more.

American citizens are significantly more likely to experience property crime victimization than violent crime victimization. During a staffing crisis, police prioritize limited resources in combating serious crime; however, property crimes remain impactful to the community. Therefore, agencies need to consider innovative ways to control property crime, such as “super-cocooning” strategies that alert residents to recent offenses. These strategies intend to empower the community to implement guardianship and crime prevention measures. For these strategies to be effective, they require public buy-in and support. The present study implements a preregistered information provision survey experiment (N = 2412), similar to the strategy of super-cocooning, to assess whether the public is more likely to support such strategies to combat property crime. Although the sample held overall high support of this strategy, exposure to a super-cocooning door hanger prime produced no significant changes in perceived effectiveness. However, there was observed racial heterogeneity in the treatments: non-White respondents assigned to the treatment relative to White respondents experienced significantly increased support of super-cocooning strategies. Implications for light-footprint crime control strategies, particularly during a staffing crisis, are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Police Community Engagement and Evidence-Based Crime Reduction Strategies)

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20 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“My Future”: A Qualitative Examination of Hope in the Lives of Black Emerging Adults

by William Terrell Danley, Benson Cooke and Nathalie Mizelle

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070428 - 11 Jul 2025

Viewed by 129

Abstract

The presence of hope significantly influences how youth interpret possibilities and commit to future-oriented action. This qualitative study investigates how fifteen Black emerging adults, ages eighteen to twenty-five, living in a major United States urban city on the East Coast, describe their aspirations, [...] Read more.

The presence of hope significantly influences how youth interpret possibilities and commit to future-oriented action. This qualitative study investigates how fifteen Black emerging adults, ages eighteen to twenty-five, living in a major United States urban city on the East Coast, describe their aspirations, goal-setting strategies, and responses to personal and structural challenges. Participants were categorized as connected or disconnected based on their engagement in school, work, or training programs. Using Reflexive Thematic Analysis of interviews, the research identified key differences in agency, emotional orientation, and access to guidance between the two groups. Connected participants often described clear, structured goals supported by networks of mentorship and opportunity. Disconnected participants expressed meaningful hope, yet described fewer supports and greater uncertainty in achieving their goals. These findings highlight how consistent exposure to guidance and structured environments strengthens future orientation and internal motivation. These results deepen our understanding of how young people experience hope across diverse contexts and show that mentorship, intentional goal setting, and greater access to opportunity play a vital role in sustaining hopeful thinking during the transition to adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Well-Being and Coping Strategies in Educational Psychology)

24 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On Housing-Related Financial Fears of Baby Boomer Women Living Alone in Switzerland

by Yashka Huggenberger, Antonin Beringhs, Joël Wagner and Gabrielle Wanzenried

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070427 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 214

Abstract

The ageing population and rising housing costs in Switzerland are increasing the number of older adults facing financial housing concerns. Older women have particularly limited housing choices because they, on average, earn less, live longer, and are more likely to live alone. This [...] Read more.

The ageing population and rising housing costs in Switzerland are increasing the number of older adults facing financial housing concerns. Older women have particularly limited housing choices because they, on average, earn less, live longer, and are more likely to live alone. This study explores potential levers to alleviate housing-related financial fears among baby boomer women (aged 55–75) living alone in Switzerland, a subject with limited academic coverage. Using regression and random forest models on unique 2023 survey data (

N = 371

), we examine the influence of socio-demographic, financial, well-being, and housing factors on fears related to affordability, price increases, and lack of housing supply. Key findings show that ownership status, perceived financial situation, and concerns about maintaining one’s lifestyle significantly drive these fears. The fear of unsuitable housing strongly influences perceived lack of supply. These results highlight the importance of retirement planning and support the consideration of measures such as reverse mortgages, co-housing, subsidies, and rent-controlled units. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Economics)

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16 pages, 480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Race Paradox in Mental Health Among Older Adults in the United States: Examining Social Participation as a Mechanism

by Fei Wang, Shandra Forrest-Bank, Yifan Lou, Namrata Mukherjee and Yejin Heo

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070426 - 9 Jul 2025

Viewed by 138

Abstract

The race paradox in mental health refers to the phenomenon in which African Americans often demonstrate mental health outcomes that are comparable to or more favorable than those of non-Hispanic Whites, despite systemic socioeconomic disadvantage and disproportionate exposure to chronic stressors. Few studies [...] Read more.

The race paradox in mental health refers to the phenomenon in which African Americans often demonstrate mental health outcomes that are comparable to or more favorable than those of non-Hispanic Whites, despite systemic socioeconomic disadvantage and disproportionate exposure to chronic stressors. Few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying this race paradox among older adults, and even fewer have explored the role of social participation. This study aims to examine whether social participation mediates the relationship between race and mental health. Longitudinal data were drawn from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging study Waves 1–3 (N = 1292). Race was dichotomized as African American and non-Hispanic White. Three types of social participation were assessed: volunteering, participating in organized groups, and attending religious services. Depressive symptoms were assessed as the mental health outcome. Path analyses were conducted to examine the aim. Results indicate that being African Americans predicted increased levels of religious attendance, which in turn, decreased the levels of depressive symptoms. Religious attendance is an underlying mechanism partially explaining the race paradox in mental health, and a modifiable factor that mitigates depressive symptoms. Culturally sensitive interventions promoting social participation are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Social Connectedness on Older Adults’ Wellbeing)

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40 pages, 474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Are the Statistics That Improve Education?

by Marta Soler-Gallart, Dragana Avramov, Nancy Zoidou Saripapa, Karol Melgarejo, Cristian González López, María Troya Porras, Alba Pistón-Pozo, Esther Oliver, Mimar Ramis-Salas, Javier Díez-Palomar and Garazi Lopez de Aguileta

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070425 - 9 Jul 2025

Viewed by 146

Abstract

There is much research on national and international statistical sources on analyses and trends of educational inequalities, which allow for a descriptive and analytical overview of a population’s educational status and trends—such as attainment levels, dropout rates, and sociodemographic variables. There is also [...] Read more.

There is much research on national and international statistical sources on analyses and trends of educational inequalities, which allow for a descriptive and analytical overview of a population’s educational status and trends—such as attainment levels, dropout rates, and sociodemographic variables. There is also research that has identified successful interventions across different countries that contribute to overcoming and reversing educational inequalities. However, the research on whether and how national and international statistical sources provide analyses on how to overcome and reverse educational inequalities remains underexplored. This article contributes to filling this gap by critically examining the available national and international statistical sources used in the educational field to analyze whether and how they include the necessary information for assessing the impact of specific educational interventions that overcome inequalities. Drawing on longitudinal and cohort studies within the European project REVERS-ED, the article highlights the need to move towards research models that incorporate explanatory variables and identify which interventions most effectively improve learning outcomes. Findings show that, despite widespread recognition of successful interventions, their impact is rarely reflected in official statistical systems, thereby limiting access to crucial information for teachers, policymakers, and educational institutions. Unlike disciplines such as medicine, education lacks systematic monitoring of the effects of successful interventions, making it difficult to establish clear correlations between them and learning outcomes. This paper advocates for greater accessibility to evaluative data and a shift towards applied, collaborative research that responds to the real needs of citizens, contributing to a more equitable, inclusive, and effective education system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tackling Educational Inequality: Issues and Solutions)

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21 pages, 606 KiB

Open AccessViewpoint

Understanding Youth Violence Through a Socio-Ecological Lens

by Yok-Fong Paat, Kristopher Hawk Yeager, Erik M. Cruz, Rebecca Cole and Luis R. Torres-Hostos

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070424 - 9 Jul 2025

Viewed by 801

Abstract

Youth violence—the deliberate use of physical force or harm by young people between the ages of 10 and 24 to intimidate or cause harm to others, both online and offline—is a critical public health issue in the United States. Yet, successfully predicting future [...] Read more.

Youth violence—the deliberate use of physical force or harm by young people between the ages of 10 and 24 to intimidate or cause harm to others, both online and offline—is a critical public health issue in the United States. Yet, successfully predicting future violent offenders is a complex and challenging task, as the question of why some youths resort to extreme violence while others refrain from it—despite facing similar risk factors—remains widely debated. This article highlights both risk and protective factors of youth violence through a socio-ecological lens to offer a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted factors driving youth violence in the United States. To understand the interconnectedness between individual factors and the broader environments in which individuals are embedded, we outline the risk and protective factors related to youth violence across five socio-ecological levels: (1) individual, (2) interpersonal, (3) neighborhood, (4) cultural, and (5) life course. Approaching youth violence from a holistic lens offers a greater opportunity to mitigate contributing factors and to address the deleterious impacts of this complex issue. Practice and research implications are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)

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21 pages, 651 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validation of an Inventory of Sensitivity to Ideological Radicalization (ISIR-14) in a Mexican Sample

by Julio C. Penagos-Corzo and Isabel Govela

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070423 - 9 Jul 2025

Viewed by 141

Abstract

The development and validation of the Ideological Radicalization Sensitivity Inventory (ISIR-14) in a Mexican sample is presented. A total of 537 participants were assessed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a five-factor structure that explained 53.7% of the variance, with excellent model fit [...] Read more.

The development and validation of the Ideological Radicalization Sensitivity Inventory (ISIR-14) in a Mexican sample is presented. A total of 537 participants were assessed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a five-factor structure that explained 53.7% of the variance, with excellent model fit indices (CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.978, RMSEA = 0.033). Evidence of concurrent validity was suggested through significant correlations with the Emotional Response to Unfairness Scale (ERU) and the Exposure to Violent Extremism Scale (EXPO-12). Reliability analyses indicated good internal consistency (ω = 0.819) for the instrument. Additionally, temporal stability, analyzed in a second study with 171 participants, showed moderate stability (r = 0.601). The study aimed to test the hypothesis that sensitivity to ideological radicalization can be reliably measured through a multidimensional instrument aligned with theoretically derived psychological risk factors, namely, inclination to seek redress, perceived social disconnection, ideological superiority, exposure to extreme ideologies, and collective/group identity. The results suggest that the ISIR-14 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing sensitivity to ideological radicalization. The scale provides a foundation for future research and interventions aimed at identifying and addressing factors associated with radicalization processes. Full article

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17 pages, 433 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Her Multimedia Words: Ukrainian Women in The Netherlands, Belonging and Temporary Protection Status

by Noemi Mena Montes and Colleen Boland

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070422 - 8 Jul 2025

Viewed by 166

Abstract

Recent research in digital migration studies analyzes both refugee populations’ social media use and so-called integration outcomes. Against the backdrop of digitalization, we argue for understanding belonging as part of an ongoing process in physical, virtual and hybrid continuities, where material aspects cannot [...] Read more.

Recent research in digital migration studies analyzes both refugee populations’ social media use and so-called integration outcomes. Against the backdrop of digitalization, we argue for understanding belonging as part of an ongoing process in physical, virtual and hybrid continuities, where material aspects cannot be divorced from imagined constructions. We take the case of Ukrainian women arriving in the Netherlands following the Russian aggression against Ukraine, in 15 semi-structured interviews from 2023. Adopting an intersectional lens, our research asks the following questions: How does social media use mediate or inform a sense of belonging? How do observations correspond to or differ from previous studies on refugees and social media, given this population’s temporary protection (TP) status? As participants leverage digital platforms differently in evolving situations, they navigate connectedness to the new community; we argue this may be linked to distinct TP status and other characteristics of difference, including educational levels and digital literacy. Conclusions indicate that an intersectional lens could be applied in understanding Ukrainian perspectives in other Member States—or beneficiaries of differing origin—to better account for how intersectional dimensions like legal status can be mutually constitutive of virtual connectedness versus material, physical rootedness or vulnerability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policies)

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17 pages, 515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Poverty Effectiveness of Social Security Benefits in Türkiye

by Zeynep Gizem Can

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070421 - 8 Jul 2025

Viewed by 224

Abstract

This research investigates the role and effectiveness of Türkiye’s social security system and transfer expenditures in addressing poverty. Social security mechanisms are designed to alleviate poverty by helping individuals meet their essential needs. In Türkiye, transfer payments offer temporary relief, particularly to disadvantaged [...] Read more.

This research investigates the role and effectiveness of Türkiye’s social security system and transfer expenditures in addressing poverty. Social security mechanisms are designed to alleviate poverty by helping individuals meet their essential needs. In Türkiye, transfer payments offer temporary relief, particularly to disadvantaged populations; however, they may also foster long-term dependency. Although the immediate impacts of such transfers are widely discussed in the academic literature, their contribution to alleviating structural poverty remains underexplored. This study focuses on how transfer expenditures influence individuals’ ability to achieve lasting well-being. The Turkish context is especially relevant due to recent institutional shifts in social security policy and the increasing politicization of social assistance. Employing data analysis at the regional level, this study assesses the effectiveness of social transfers and explores their structural role in poverty reduction. It also provides policy suggestions aimed at developing more inclusive and durable strategies. The results are intended to offer broadly applicable insights for other developing countries through the lens of Türkiye’s experience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Policy and Welfare)

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9 pages, 215 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Racial Injustice, Violence, and Resistance: New Approaches Under Multidimensional Perspectives

by Marcelo Paixão, Norma Fuentes-Mayorga and Thomas McNulty

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070420 - 7 Jul 2025

Viewed by 196

Abstract

“Racial Injustice, Violence, and Resistance: New Approaches from Multidimensional Perspectives” is the product of a dialogue among three experts, bridging the disciplines of economics, criminology, and sociology and bringing together expertise in racial inequality, urban sociology, international immigration, Latin America, and Latino/a/x studies [...] Read more.

“Racial Injustice, Violence, and Resistance: New Approaches from Multidimensional Perspectives” is the product of a dialogue among three experts, bridging the disciplines of economics, criminology, and sociology and bringing together expertise in racial inequality, urban sociology, international immigration, Latin America, and Latino/a/x studies [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Racial Injustice, Violence and Resistance: New Approaches under Multidimensional Perspectives)

18 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Democratic School Culture and Student–Teacher Relationships: Insights from Native and Immigrant-Background Students

by Igor Peras and Simona Bezjak

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070419 - 4 Jul 2025

Viewed by 186

Abstract

This paper examines how various dimensions of democratic school and classroom culture—openness in classroom discussions, peer interactions, civic learning, influence on decision-making, and civic participation—relate to perceptions of student–teacher relationships of two distinct groups of students (native and immigrant-background students) in Slovenia. Using [...] Read more.

This paper examines how various dimensions of democratic school and classroom culture—openness in classroom discussions, peer interactions, civic learning, influence on decision-making, and civic participation—relate to perceptions of student–teacher relationships of two distinct groups of students (native and immigrant-background students) in Slovenia. Using representative data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2022 cycle), analyses revealed that student-perceived positive peer interactions and decision-making influence were consistent, strong predictors of positive student–teacher relationships for both groups of students. However, open classroom discussions and civic learning at school were only significant for native students, suggesting that these aspects of classroom life may not resonate uniformly with all students. Moreover, participation in civic activities, although often seen as an integral part of democratic school culture, emerged as a significant negative predictor of student–teacher relationships only among students with an immigrant background, indicating that these activities may inadvertently highlight barriers or differences rather than promote inclusive engagement. Results are discussed through the lens of fostering positive student–teacher relationships for all students. Full article

15 pages, 784 KiB

Open AccessReview

Changes in Sports Participation Trends: A Comparative Theoretical Analysis of the Case of the Municipality of Zaragoza

by Celia Marcen, Irela Arbones-Arque and Dominic Malcolm

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070418 - 4 Jul 2025

Viewed by 416

Abstract

This paper seeks to test the explanatory potential of different sociological perspectives in relation to the development of new sport models that reflect the growth of leisure sport participation in urban outdoor places and the decline in traditional practices in associations and clubs. [...] Read more.

This paper seeks to test the explanatory potential of different sociological perspectives in relation to the development of new sport models that reflect the growth of leisure sport participation in urban outdoor places and the decline in traditional practices in associations and clubs. In this regard, this study employs an analytical framework to examine global trends, with a particular focus on the specific context of the municipality of Zaragoza (Spain). With a multi-method approach, a 10-year-period dataset (2009–2019) incorporating sport participation surveys, observational data, and a focus group study is analysed. Three theories are tested: Maffesoli’s neo-tribes; neo-Bourdieuian ideas about urban subcultures; and Elias’s theory of civilizing processes. The results show a congruence between the three theories regarding identity negotiation, commodification, and community sense. However, disparities were found between the three theories, with one or more of them exhibiting an absence of class consciousness that supports subcultural interpretation and distinct notions of change versus continuity of the analyzed phenomena. This paper concludes that recent sports participation trends are best explained with reference to the quest of excitement and using healthism as a dominant ideology or social imperative. Full article

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20 pages, 510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Trauma-Informed Design on Health and Well-Being of People Formerly Experiencing Homelessness in Permanent Supportive Housing

by Daniel Brisson, Rachelle Macur, Becca Mann and Jennifer Wilson

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070417 - 2 Jul 2025

Viewed by 267

Abstract

When individuals transition from homelessness into housing, their new home should serve as a place of healing and dignity. This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of trauma-informed design (TID), an approach to designing affordable housing that supports the health and well-being [...] Read more.

When individuals transition from homelessness into housing, their new home should serve as a place of healing and dignity. This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of trauma-informed design (TID), an approach to designing affordable housing that supports the health and well-being of people with lived experience of homelessness. The study used a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design across five permanent supportive housing (PSH) sites—three with TID features and two without. Residents completed surveys at two timepoints, and both the residents and the staff participated in semi-structured interviews. The quantitative results revealed a complex pattern: while some aspects of relationships and self-awareness improved at TID sites, measures of psychological safety and compassion declined. Additionally, conflict, psychological aggression, physical aggression, and mild violence increased over the same period. Qualitative findings highlight that safety is a nuanced, context-dependent experience that exists along a spectrum. The residents at the TID sites described opportunities to experience higher levels of safety. Together, the quantitative and qualitative data paint a complex picture of life in PSH. A key finding is that safety, conflict, and relationships are interwoven, evolving over time as the residents adapt to their environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Community and Urban Sociology)

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19 pages, 1836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Key Elements in Facilitating Student Transitions from Education to Work in The Netherlands

by Famke de Boer, Vera Schuurmans, Merel Wolf, Ada ter Maten-Speksnijder and Minne Bakker

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070416 - 2 Jul 2025

Viewed by 216

Abstract

Many vocational education and training (VET) students in the Netherlands struggle with the transition from education to the labour market, resulting in high dropout rates. VET institutions are actively seeking effective mechanisms to support their students during this transition. This research explored valuable [...] Read more.

Many vocational education and training (VET) students in the Netherlands struggle with the transition from education to the labour market, resulting in high dropout rates. VET institutions are actively seeking effective mechanisms to support their students during this transition. This research explored valuable strategies identified by education professionals to facilitate a sustainable transition from education to the labour market. This study employed a realistic evaluation framework using CIMO-logic (which focuses on the Context, Intervention, Mechanism, Outcome) for analysis in order to gain insight into the processes of change. In total, four cases were studied at two Dutch educational institutions. The research followed an inductive approach using within-case and cross-case analyses. Five key elements were identified: skills and competencies, Self-insight, Self-efficacy, Building a professional network, and bridging education and practice. In school-to-work guidance for VET students, these elements are relevant to consider in guidance programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking the Education-to-Work Transition for Young People)

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14 pages, 4020 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Action and Reaction, Social Response to the Development of an Education Law, the Case of Spain

by Abraham Bernárdez-Gómez, María Luisa Belmonte, José María Álvarez Martínez-Iglesias and Martina Ares-Ferreirós

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070415 - 2 Jul 2025

Viewed by 227

Abstract

The subsequent research has been grounded in the recently enacted education legislation, the Organic Law amending the Organic Law on Education (LOMLOE, by its acronym in Spanish), within the Spanish educational context. The development of this research is predicated on the following three [...] Read more.

The subsequent research has been grounded in the recently enacted education legislation, the Organic Law amending the Organic Law on Education (LOMLOE, by its acronym in Spanish), within the Spanish educational context. The development of this research is predicated on the following three objectives: firstly, the identification of the main issues of interest that have arisen in the network surrounding the LOMLOE; secondly, the analysis of the socio-educational repercussions that it has generated; and thirdly, the establishment of relationships between the different educational facts and elements involved. The objective of this study is to establish a frame of reference in terms of the current social perception of the new law and how it may or may not be based on the different changes that will occur after the implementation of the LOMLOE. In order to carry out this research, a qualitative methodology was used to collect a total of 1536 tweets during the debate on the law, using ATLAS.ti software, which was also used to carry out a content analysis of the data. Following a thorough inductive analysis, seven distinct codes were identified. These codes yielded a range of statements that collectively emphasised the pivotal role of subsidised education, religious education and special education in shaping the prevailing discourse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Policy and Welfare)

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23 pages, 336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interpreting “Translanguages” in Transnational Women’s Literature: Socially Situated Perspectives and Feminist Close-Readings

by Adelina Sánchez-Espinosa and Séamus O’Kane

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070414 - 30 Jun 2025

Viewed by 353

Abstract

This article explores the potentialities of “translanguages” as a lens for interpreting transnational women authors whose writing navigates multiple languages. By “translanguages”, we refer to the generation of a collage that results either from the writer’s alternation of various languages within the same [...] Read more.

This article explores the potentialities of “translanguages” as a lens for interpreting transnational women authors whose writing navigates multiple languages. By “translanguages”, we refer to the generation of a collage that results either from the writer’s alternation of various languages within the same work or from their concoction of a language of their own that reappropriates the contents and expressions of various source languages. We will illustrate our tenets by exploring case studies from Assia Djebar and Maxime Garcia Diaz. By resorting to feminist close-reading methodology, we intend to interrogate the possibilities of interpretation (and their limits) from a socially situated position. This, in turn, involves our approach to how the authors’ multiple languages interact and operate upon one another to create meaning and, last but not least, our analysis of the extent to which the transnational and translingual position of these authors shapes our own situated interpretations of the texts as readers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Knowledges and Cultures of Equalities in Global Contexts)

20 pages, 280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Refusing Surveillance, Reframing Risk: Insights from Sex-Working Parents for Transforming Social Work

by Kimberly Fuentes

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070413 - 30 Jun 2025

Viewed by 292

Abstract

Social work has long operated at the intersection of care and control—nowhere is this more apparent than in its treatment of sex-working parents. This article draws on participatory research with thirteen sex-working parents in California to examine how the child welfare system, family [...] Read more.

Social work has long operated at the intersection of care and control—nowhere is this more apparent than in its treatment of sex-working parents. This article draws on participatory research with thirteen sex-working parents in California to examine how the child welfare system, family court, and public benefit infrastructures extend punitive surveillance under the guise of support. Utilizing the framework of prison industrial complex abolition, the analysis identifies three key findings: first, family policing systems often mirror the coercive dynamics of abusive relationships that sex work helped participants to escape; second, access to social services is contingent on the performance of respectability, with compliance met not with care but with suspicion and deprivation; and third, sex-working parents enact abolitionist praxis by creating new systems of safety and stability through mutual aid when state systems fail. As social work reckons with its complicity in the carceral state, the everyday practices of sex-working parents offer a powerful blueprint for care rooted in trust, unconditional positive regard, and self-determination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Between Criminalization and Care: Reimagining Social Work's Role in the Carceral State)

36 pages, 2135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Barriers and Enablers for Women Entrepreneurs in Urban Ireland: A Qualitative Study of the Greater Dublin Area

by Marcus Goncalves, Megan Trainor and Andreana Ursini

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070412 - 30 Jun 2025

Viewed by 574

Abstract

This research investigates the pivotal role of women’s entrepreneurship in urban Ireland. Utilizing a demand–constraint–choice framework for analysis, it explores the diverse motivations behind Irish women’s entrepreneurial ventures, emphasizing the impact of time- and place-specific factors. The study also assesses gender equality and [...] Read more.

This research investigates the pivotal role of women’s entrepreneurship in urban Ireland. Utilizing a demand–constraint–choice framework for analysis, it explores the diverse motivations behind Irish women’s entrepreneurial ventures, emphasizing the impact of time- and place-specific factors. The study also assesses gender equality and disparities. This qualitative research presents a comparative analysis of motivations, perceptions, and experiences conducted through semi-structured interviews in Ireland’s diverse cultural and economic contexts. The findings highlight the influence of cultural factors on women’s entrepreneurial choices and the significance of government support systems. They underscore the necessity of proactive government intervention for gender-inclusive economic development, offering insights applicable beyond Ireland. Valuable for policymakers, researchers, and entrepreneurs, the findings enhance understanding of women’s entrepreneurial leadership, contributing to global strategies for empowering women in entrepreneurship. Several policy recommendations are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Equality in the Workplace: Theory and Practice for Decent Work and a Climate of Inclusion)

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20 pages, 1766 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Photovoice Study on the Lived Experiences of Youth and Mothers of Incarcerated Fathers and Husbands, Highlighting the Relevance of Abolitionist Social Work Practice

by Elizabeth K. Allen, Jason Ostrander and Kate Kelly

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070411 - 29 Jun 2025

Viewed by 241

Abstract

This community-based participatory research (CBPR) study explored, using a Photovoice methodology, the lived expeiences of northeastern Black and/or African American youth and mothers who were currently experiencing the incarceration of their fathers and husbands. Grounded in critical theories of dual consciousness and comparative [...] Read more.

This community-based participatory research (CBPR) study explored, using a Photovoice methodology, the lived expeiences of northeastern Black and/or African American youth and mothers who were currently experiencing the incarceration of their fathers and husbands. Grounded in critical theories of dual consciousness and comparative conflict, the findings provide valuable insights into how this population navigates the intersections of family, school, and community within the context of the criminal legal system, and, in the process, underscore the relevance of Abolitionist practice in capturing their theoretically lived experiences. Participants documented through photography and narrative reflections the multifaceted impacts of incarceration on fathers and husbands, including disrupted family dynamics, social stigma, and barriers to community resources. A focus group with the mothers of these youth highlighted the profound impact of incarceration on their family structure, revealing significant emotional burdens for caregivers as well as personal changes to parenting styles as a result of this project. A central theme that emerged was the development of a “double” or “dual consciousness”—an ability to see humanity and injustice in their circumstances, fueling a desire for systemic change. Overall, this CBPR project amplifies the voices of marginalized youth and mothers, illuminating how the criminal legal system perpetuates cycles of trauma, stigma, and disempowerment. The implications call for a radical reimagining of the role of social work in creating more equitable, restorative, and healing-centered communities, including an immediate embrace of Abolitionist practice concepts and interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Between Criminalization and Care: Reimagining Social Work's Role in the Carceral State)

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19 pages, 441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Community Engagement Boost Pre- and In-Service Teachers’ 21st-Century Skills? A Mixed-Method Study

by Khaleel Alarabi, Badriya AlSadrani, Hassan Tairab, Othman Abu Khurma and Nabeeh Kasasbeh

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070410 - 29 Jun 2025

Viewed by 284

Abstract

This study investigated community engagement in developing the 21st-century skills of pre-service and in-service teachers in the context of four skills: communication, creative thinking, collaboration, and critical thinking. It focused specifically on the effectiveness of community engagement in promoting the 4Cs for pre- [...] Read more.

This study investigated community engagement in developing the 21st-century skills of pre-service and in-service teachers in the context of four skills: communication, creative thinking, collaboration, and critical thinking. It focused specifically on the effectiveness of community engagement in promoting the 4Cs for pre- and in-service teachers and whether such effectiveness differs between pre-service and in-service teachers. This study used a sequential mixed-methods design. A quantitative survey of 160 pre-service and 80 in-service teachers in Abu Dhabi was conducted followed by purposeful qualitative interviews with 20 pre-service teachers. The instrument was adapted from an existing 21st century skills measures. Quantitative data were described using descriptive statistics and analyzed using inferential statistics. The interview transcripts were analyzed. The findings showed that in-service teachers’ performance was better than that of pre-service teachers in all four elements of 21st-century skills, with significant disparities recorded in critical thinking and collaboration, possibly because of field experience. These qualitative results show that community engagement promotes the 4Cs by allowing teachers to apply theoretical knowledge in field contexts and sharpen problem-solving, communication, and teamwork skills. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited resources and time must be compensated for with better initiatives that organizations can employ to promote community engagement activities. This study suggests that using social engagement activities in teacher training is a fruitful way to address this skill gap. This provides implications for teacher preparation and the infusion of community engagement into teachers’ training to foster the 21st-century development of competencies in teachers-to-be. Full article

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20 pages, 1765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Communication in Disaster—The Contribution of the Press to Highlighting Vulnerabilities: The Case of Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil

by Fernando Pereira Silva, Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes, Rita de Cassia Marques Alves, Marcia Cristina Barbosa and José Antonio Marengo

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070409 - 29 Jun 2025

Viewed by 405

Abstract

In this article, we explore the role of the media in highlighting an important yet often underestimated aspect of disasters: vulnerability. We use coverage of a disaster that occurred in Brazil’s southernmost state to demonstrate that the effects of a disaster extend far [...] Read more.

In this article, we explore the role of the media in highlighting an important yet often underestimated aspect of disasters: vulnerability. We use coverage of a disaster that occurred in Brazil’s southernmost state to demonstrate that the effects of a disaster extend far beyond the intensity of the extreme event itself. The concept of vulnerability is increasingly recognized in disaster literature, but the communication factors influencing this concept have not been thoroughly examined. We employ a modern conceptual framework that suggests disasters, such as the one that occurred in Brazil in 2024, stem from two interconnected threats: one natural and one anthropogenic. This second component, often not explicitly mentioned in reports, becomes evident when viewed through the lens of disaster risk. This understanding is beneficial for researchers, policy makers, and disaster experts in systematically identifying the socio-structural factors that affect the impact of extreme natural events. Furthermore, effective disaster reporting can transform how individuals and crisis managers understand hazards and respond to disasters. Full article

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22 pages, 1000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Navigating Non-Linear Education-to-Work Trajectories: Integration of Ubuntu to Enhance the Readiness Programs

by Adalbertus Fortunatus Kamanzi, Nangula Iipumbu, Judith Namabira and Hedvig Nyanyukweni Mendonca

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070408 - 26 Jun 2025

Viewed by 393

Abstract

The transition from school to university and subsequently into the workforce is increasingly non-linear, shaped by diverse socio-economic realities and interrupted learning pathways. This study examines the effectiveness of Readiness Programs in preparing students for higher education and explores the potential of integrating [...] Read more.

The transition from school to university and subsequently into the workforce is increasingly non-linear, shaped by diverse socio-economic realities and interrupted learning pathways. This study examines the effectiveness of Readiness Programs in preparing students for higher education and explores the potential of integrating the African Ubuntu philosophy to enhance these programs. Using a quantitative research design, a structured survey was administered to 1132 participants enrolled in the University of Namibia’s 2024 Readiness Program. Descriptive statistics and ordered logistic regression were employed to analyse key predictors of readiness, including program structure, delivery, academic skills, and resilience to challenges. The findings indicate that program delivery, improved academic skills, and academic performance significantly influence students’ readiness to pursue university studies, while resilience to personal challenges shows a weaker correlation. The results suggest that structured interventions play a more pivotal role than individual perseverance in ensuring academic preparedness. The study concludes that integrating Ubuntu principles, such as communal support, ethical leadership, and collaborative learning into readiness programs can strengthen student engagement and institutional inclusivity. This integration aligns with decolonial imperatives in African higher education and contributes to more contextually relevant, supportive, and transformative readiness initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking the Education-to-Work Transition for Young People)

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18 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supporting Children and Their Families in Gauteng Public Schools: The Roles of School Social Workers

by Gift Khumalo, Nolwazi Ngcobo and Mbongeni Shadrack Sithole

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070407 - 26 Jun 2025

Viewed by 320

Abstract

School social work practice in the South African context is a growing field; however, there is limited research regarding the roles and responsibilities of school social workers, particularly in the Gauteng province. This province is unique in that school social workers are employed [...] Read more.

School social work practice in the South African context is a growing field; however, there is limited research regarding the roles and responsibilities of school social workers, particularly in the Gauteng province. This province is unique in that school social workers are employed by multiple institutions, including individual schools and the education and social development departments. This study aimed to explore and describe the roles and responsibilities of school social workers in the Gauteng province, recognizing them as critical specialists in addressing learners’ psychosocial needs within school settings. An explorative qualitative design was used in this study. Data were collected from 22 purposively selected participants, comprising school social workers, supervisors, and provincial managers of school social work programs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, and thematic analysis was employed to identify themes. The findings revealed context-specific roles of school social workers, including the creation of conducive teaching and learning environments, advocacy for social justice and child protection, conducting interviews and psychosocial assessments, providing counseling and trauma debriefing, conducting home visits and offering family services, removing abused learners from harmful environments, including their respective homes, and providing parental skills training and support. As a conclusion, this study highlights the need for standardized national and provincial guidelines to formalize and support school social work practice. It is recommended that the identified roles be incorporated into future practice frameworks. Furthermore, it is suggested that a uniform assessment tool be developed to promote consistency and guide school social workers in the initial evaluation processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Child Poverty and Social Work)

23 pages, 327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Observations on the Implementation of Relationships, Sex, and Health Education (RSHE), Which Include LGBT Themes in an English Primary School

by Alex Baird

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070406 - 26 Jun 2025

Viewed by 356

Abstract

The latest Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education, and Health Education (RSHE) Draft Guidance seeks to reduce the inclusion of LGBT themes in English schools. Additionally, the Gender Questioning Draft Guidance for Schools and Colleges and the Cass Review overlook the rights of [...] Read more.

The latest Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education, and Health Education (RSHE) Draft Guidance seeks to reduce the inclusion of LGBT themes in English schools. Additionally, the Gender Questioning Draft Guidance for Schools and Colleges and the Cass Review overlook the rights of trans and non-binary young people, further intensifying the heated debates surrounding their lives. In response, the author draws upon research conducted in a primary school in Greater London in 2021, when statutory RSHE, including LGBT content, was first introduced. The research aimed to understand how teachers felt about teaching RSHE and to collaborate with them to enhance pupil learning within and beyond the RSHE curriculum. This paper critiques lesson observations and teachers’ reflections on their lessons using a Framework for Sexuality Education and Queer Theory. The researcher’s call to rethink how RSHE is taught should not be taken to mean it should not be taught. To the contrary, the findings suggest a need for the school to broaden its curriculum, teaching methods, and strategies to become a truly ‘LGBT-inclusive’ environment. However, the paper also illuminates the apprehensions these primary school teachers experienced, which in turn influenced pedagogical decisions. The article concludes by recommending specific whole-school approaches and effective pedagogical practices for RSHE in the school, which could be beneficial to other primary school settings. Effective teaching of LGBT themes requires clear support for educators, especially within the complexity of a primary school setting and given the changing political and social climate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Embodiment of LGBTQ+ Inclusive Education)

31 pages, 1734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bi⁵: An Autoethnographic Analysis of a Lived Experience Suicide Attempt Survivor Through Grief Concepts and ‘Participant’ Positionality in Community Research

by amelia elias noor

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070405 - 26 Jun 2025

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Abstract

This paper explores suicidality and suicide research from an autoethnographic analysis framed through grief concepts. Self-identifying as a Muslim in the United States, the author explains how lived experiences being racialized through Islamophobia, identifying as a genderfluid non-binary woman, being socially biracial, holding [...] Read more.

This paper explores suicidality and suicide research from an autoethnographic analysis framed through grief concepts. Self-identifying as a Muslim in the United States, the author explains how lived experiences being racialized through Islamophobia, identifying as a genderfluid non-binary woman, being socially biracial, holding a postpartum bipolar diagnosis, and being connected to a diaspora, are critical elements to develop a deeper sociocultural understanding of suicide. Grief concepts that are used to analyze these themes include disenfranchised grief, ambiguous loss, anticipatory grief, and secondary loss. While these grief concepts are understood as part of the author’s embodied lived experience as an individual, there is also a collective grief that is explored through the author’s bilingual experience with Arabic as it relates to the topics of suicide and genocide occurring in the Arabic-speaking diaspora located in Gaza, Palestine. A conceptual framework is offered to make sense of the author’s lived experience by both incorporating and challenging existing academic perspectives on suicide and research. The emic, or insider, perspective is contextualized such that it may hold implications beyond the individual author, such as for U.S. Muslims and other hard-to-reach populations. A positionality statement demonstrates the author’s reflexivity of being an insider ‘participant’–researcher in conducting transformative research approaches with the U.S. Muslim community. Further directions are shared for scholars with lived experience who may seek to utilize comparable individual or collaborative autoethnographic approaches with such majority-world communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Suicide Studies: Decolonial and Participatory Creative Approaches)

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12 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Beyond ‘Culturally Sensitive Care’: Reimagining Dementia Care for Families with Migration Backgrounds

by Menal Ahmad and Anne-Mei The

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070404 - 26 Jun 2025

Viewed by 456

Abstract

People with migration backgrounds (PwM) and their loved ones living with dementia often encounter multiple disparities for appropriate care and support. Simultaneously, care professionals may feel inadequately prepared to address the needs of PwM effectively. As a response to these concerns, research and [...] Read more.

People with migration backgrounds (PwM) and their loved ones living with dementia often encounter multiple disparities for appropriate care and support. Simultaneously, care professionals may feel inadequately prepared to address the needs of PwM effectively. As a response to these concerns, research and practice have increasingly emphasized the importance of culturally sensitive care. These efforts center on understanding the cultural norms and beliefs of migrant communities and developing professional strategies tailored to these cultural factors. However, while cultural factors clearly play a role in the care experiences of PwM, the emphasis on culture in research and practice has drawn criticism from various scholars. In our contribution to this debate, we highlight the shortcomings of the concept of culturally sensitive care within the context of dementia and propose a perspective that responds to these shortcomings. We present the following arguments: (1) The prevailing discourse, which treats culture and culturally sensitive care as fixed concepts and relies on separate tools for addressing the needs of PwM, fails to offer comprehensive guidance for inclusive care. (2) Instead of attributing care-related obstacles to cultural differences, we must shift our focus to understanding individual experiences of inequality as well as the systemic structures that perpetuate inequality. (3) To address the diverse needs of PwM and the challenges of ongoing diversity within Western societies, dementia care services should embrace diversity as the norm rather than an exception requiring separate tools. This requires a paradigm shift in which professionals are trained to navigate relationships in ways that minimize reliance on rigid (ethnic and cultural) categorizations. Full article

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Soc. Sci., Volume 14, Issue 7 (July 2025) – 40 articles

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