Diagnostics, Volume 13, Issue 5

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare, but highly malignant, disease with an estimated annual incidence of 2 cases per 100,000 people. The main surgical treatment modalities for UTUC are radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bl...

Endocytoscopy enables real-time observation of lesions at ultra-magnification. In the gastrointestinal and respiratory fields, endocytoscopic images are similar to hematoxylin-eosin-stained images. This study aimed to compare the nuclear features of...

Non-melanoma skin cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the human body and unfortunately the incidence continues to increase. NMSC is represented by the basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which are t...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are forms of eye illness caused by diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the eyes, with the ground occupied by lesions of varied extent determining the disease burden. This is among the...

BQ.1.1 has dominated the Europe and Americas COVID-19 wave across the 2022–2023 winter, and further viral evolution is expected to escape the consolidating immune responses. We report here the emergence of the BQ.1.1.37 variant in Italy, peakin...

Background: Lip morphology is essential in diagnosis and treatment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery to ensure facial aesthetics. Body mass index (BMI) has proved to have influence on facial soft tissue thickness, but its relationship with lip...

Background: The prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population is unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to define the prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population and to identify significant risk factors for heart failure among M...

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common medical conditions, with approximately one billion people having low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is associated with a pleiotropic effect (immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral), which can be...

Using super-resolution (SR) algorithms, an image with a low resolution can be converted into a high-quality image. Our objective was to compare deep learning-based SR models to a conventional approach for improving the resolution of dental panoramic...

Background: Intestinal obstruction in neonates is a common problem that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, and ultrasound could be a potential tool for it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosi...

Ascitic fluid infection is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. The distinction between the more common spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and the less common secondary peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis is crucial due to the var...

Objectives: To evaluate carotid body visibility in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) studies and to compare the results to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Methods: Two observers separately evaluated MR and CT examinations of 58 pa...

Advanced melanoma is one of the deadliest cancers, owing to its invasiveness and its propensity to develop resistance to therapy. Surgery remains the first-line treatment for early-stage tumors but is often not an option for advanced-stage melanoma....

Renal cell carcinoma represents about 2% of all malignant tumours in adults. Metastases of the primary tumour in the breast make up to about 0.5–2% of the cases. Renal cell carcinoma metastases in the breast are extremely rare and have been spo...

Recent advances in navigational platforms have led bronchoscopists to make major strides in diagnostic interventions for pulmonary parenchymal lesions. Over the last decade, multiple platforms including electromagnetic navigation and robotic bronchos...

Objectives: Measurement location and patient state can impact noninvasive liver assessment and change clinical staging in ultrasound examinations. Research into differences exists for Shear Wave Speed (SWS) and Attenuation Imaging (ATI), but not for...

Endometrial polyps are one of the most common pathological conditions in gynecology. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective study was to compare patients...

The latest and newest discoveries for advanced and metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer are the three cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in associati...

(1) Background: The diagnosis of moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is not easy due to the complexity of the micturition act. Sequential diagnostic tests can be time consuming due to waiting lists. Thus, we developed a diagnostic mod...

Fordyce spots (FS) are heterotopic sebaceous glands affecting mostly oral and genital mucosa, commonly misdiagnosed with sexually transmitted infections. In a single-center retrospective study, we aimed to assess the ultraviolet-induced fluorescenced...

In light of increasing NAFLD prevalence, early detection and diagnosis are needed for decision-making in clinical practice and could be helpful in the management of patients with NAFLD. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy o...

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is an uncommon but severe and still understudied post-infectious complication of COVID-19. Clinically, the disease manifests itself most often 2–6 weeks after overcoming the infection. Young a...

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a slowly progressive muscular dystrophy with a wide range of manifestations including retinal vasculopathy. This study aimed to analyse retinal vascular involvement in FSHD patients using fundus photog...

Positron emission tomography and computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET-CT) were used to predict outcomes after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few approaches for prediction based...

Breast ultrasound (US) has undergone dramatic technological improvement through recent decades, moving from a low spatial resolution, grayscale-limited technique to a highly performing, multiparametric modality. In this review, we first focus on the...

Circulating fatty acids (FA) have an endogenous or exogenous origin and are metabolized under the effect of many enzymes. They play crucial roles in many mechanisms: cell signaling, modulation of gene expression, etc., which leads to the hypothesis t...

Immunotherapy is based on manipulation of the immune system in order to act against tumour cells, with growing evidence especially in melanoma patients. The challenges faced by this new therapeutic tool are (i) finding valid evaluation criteria for r...

In recent years, human–computer interaction (HCI) systems have become increasingly popular. Some of these systems demand particular approaches for discriminating actual emotions through the use of better multimodal methods. In this work, a deep canon...

There is a trend towards increased perioperative bleeding in patients with plasma fibrinogen levels < 200 mg/dL⁻¹. This study aimed to assess whether there is an association between preoperative fibrinogen levels and perioperative blood-prod...

We are developing a Virtual Eye for in silico therapies to accelerate research and drug development. In this paper, we present a model for drug distribution in the vitreous body that enables personalized therapy in ophthalmology. The standard treatme...

(1) Background and Purpose: In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine, T2-weighted (T2-w) fat-saturated (fs) images improve the diagnostic assessment of pathologies. However, in the daily clinical setting, additional T2-w fs images are frequen...

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is recognized as a leading cause of significant long-term complications, including inaccurate gait patterns, persistent pain, and early regressive joint disorder, and it can influence families func...

This study aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a rapid antigen test developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), influenza A virus (IAV), and influenza B virus (IBV) (flu) compared with those of the real-time reverse transcription-poly...

Introduction: Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) may aid the resection of space-occupying brain lesions, though technical limits may hinder its reliability. Methods: IOUS (MyLabTwice^®, Esaote, Italy) with a microconvex probe was utilized in 45 cons...

Patients with type 2 diabetes make up 25 to 40% of those referred for coronary bypass surgery, and the impact of diabetes on the results of the operation is studied in various aspects. To assess the state of carbohydrate metabolism before any surgica...

High-frequency ultrasonography (HF-USG) is a relatively new imaging method that allows the evaluation in a non-invasive manner of the skin layers and skin appendages. It is a diagnostic tool with increasing usefulness in numerous dermatological patho...

CT body composition analysis has been shown to play an important role in predicting health and has the potential to improve patient outcomes if implemented clinically. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have led to high s...

Uncontrolled breathing is the most critical and challenging situation for a healthcare person to patients. It may be due to simple cough/cold/critical disease to severe respiratory infection of the patients and resulting directly impacts the lungs an...

Deep learning object-detection models are being successfully applied to develop computer-aided diagnosis systems for aiding polyp detection during colonoscopies. Here, we evidence the need to include negative samples for both (i) reducing false posit...

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases developed through tumorigenesis and could be fatal if it reaches the metastatic phase. The novelty of the present investigation is to explore the prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that cou...

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a haematological malignancy characterised by the accumulation of monoclonal mature B lymphocytes (positive for CD5+ and CD23+) in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Although CLL is reported to be ra...

The presence of main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation is important for diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). However, we occasionally encounter PDAC cases without MPD dilatation. The objectives of this study were to compare the clinic...

The foramen ovale (FO) is a crucial feature of the skull base, serving as a passage for clinically important neurovascular structures. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive morphometric and morphologic analysis of the FO and highlight th...

There is increasing interest in assessing whether machine learning (ML) techniques could further improve the early diagnosis of candidemia among patients with a consistent clinical picture. The objective of the present study is to validate the accura...

Novel metrics extracted from pH-impedance monitoring can augment the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Artificial intelligence (AI) is being widely used to improve the diagnostic capabilities of various diseases. In this review, we...

This report aimed to present a case of wrist-tendon rupture and to discuss a rare complication after corticosteroid injection. A 67-year-old woman had difficulty extending her left-thumb interphalangeal joint several weeks after a palpation-guided lo...

Background: So far, there is no non-invasive method that can popularize the genetic testing of thalassemia (TM) patients on a large scale. The purpose of the study was to investigate the value of predicting the α- and β- genotypes of TM pa...

Aim: This review article describes quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques and summarizes their strengths and limitations when applied to peripheral nerves. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on publications after 1990 in Google Scholar, Sco...

(1) Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with the chest being the third most frequent body part injured after abdominal and head trauma. Identifying and predicting injuries related to the trauma mechanism is the initial...

Background: Left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) stenosis following an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) repair is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. While echocardiographic quantification of diastolic transvalvular pressure grad...