Symmetry, Volume 16, Issue 5

This study formulates a multi-objective, multi-item solid transportation issue with parameters that are neutrosophic Z-number fuzzy variables such as transportation costs, supplies, and demands. This work covers two scenarios where uncertainty in the...

Compared to conventional energy sources, wind power is a clean energy source with high intermittence and uncertainty. As a system that converts wind energy into electricity, wind farms inevitably face severe reliability issues. In this paper, based o...

In order to deal with complex risk scenarios involving claims, uncertainty, and investments, we consider the ruin problems in a compound Poisson risk model with liquid reserves and proportional investments and study the expected discounted penalty fu...

The present research introduces a novel concept termed “neutrosophic fuzzy metric space”, which extends the traditional metric space framework by incorporating the notion of neutrosophic fuzzy sets. A thorough investigation of various str...

Symmetrical as well as asymmetrical statistical models play a prominent role in describing and predicting the real-world phenomena of nature. Among other fields, these models are very useful for modeling data in the sector of civil engineering. Due t...

Unit distributions, exhibiting inherent symmetrical properties, have been extensively studied across various fields. A significant challenge in these studies, particularly evident in parameter estimations, is the existence and uniqueness of estimator...

The Klausmeier–Gray–Scott model of vegetation dynamics consists of a system of two partial differential equations relating plant growth and soil water. It is capable of reproducing the characteristic spatial patterns of vegetation found i...

The examination of new (3 + 1)-dimensional wave equations is undertaken in this study. Initially, the identification of the Lie symmetries of the model is carried out through the utilization of the Lie symmetry approach. The commutator and adjoint ta...

A modified Nambu–Jona-Lasinio Model with lattice structure is very instructive. It shows several similar problems and their solutions as the Lattice QCD. We study the limits of the large box size, small cell size and realistic pion mass. In par...

This article concentrates on the problem of fixed-time tracking control for a certain class of nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics. Unmodeled dynamics are prevalent in practical engineering systems, such as axially symmetric systems like roboti...