2025 September - 136 articles
The genus Tobamovirus belongs to the family Virgaviridae, and the genome consists of monopartite, positive, single-strand RNA. Most species contain four open reading frames encoding four essential proteins. Transmission occurs primarily through mecha...
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) has been associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition. We have previously shown that Depo-Provera administration increases immune markers for HIV preference on peripheral and cervical CD4+ T ce...
Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) are divided into two groups: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). FIPV is responsible for the severe disease known as feline infectious peritonitis, while FECV typically causes...
In the original publication [...]
Infectious agents account for millions of deaths every year. The Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSVs) are large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect more than 90% of the human population and can establish life-long latency in human hosts. Currently, effe...
Abalone are highly susceptible to haliotid herpesvirus 1 (HaHV1), the causative agent of abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG), a re-emerging disease responsible for significant mortality events in both wild and farmed populations. Currently, there are...
The elimination of HIV latent reservoirs is an extremely challenging task due to the interplay of multiple mechanisms regulating latency. Thus, we need to identify novel strategies to target heterogeneous reservoirs uniformly. Recent reports have pro...
Type I interferons (IFNs), mainly IFN-α and IFN-β, play an essential role in defending against viral invasion by inducing the host’s innate antiviral response. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is known to i...
Background: Multipartite viruses individually package their multiple genome segments into virus particles, necessitating the transmission of multiple virus particles for effective viral spread. This dependence poses a cost in the form of reduced tran...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in the development of head and neck cancers (HNCs), particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This review highlights the key molecular mechanisms of HPV-driven carcinogenesis, focusing on the on...
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causal agent of red blotch disease of grapevines, is transmitted by Spissistilus festinus, the threecornered alfalfa hopper. Isolates of GRBV belong to two phylogenetic clades (I and II) and S. festinus is a dim...
Detection of cancer biomarkers at the earliest stages of disease progression is commonly assumed to extend the overall quality of life for cancer patients as the result of earlier clinical management of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need...
Viruses can induce various mitochondrial morphological changes, which are associated with the type of immune response. Therefore, characterization and analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructural changes could provide insights into the kind of immune re...
Viral and chemical analyses were performed on 80 dead cats and 51 dead dogs from the Campania Region (Southern Italy), with the aim of evaluating in vivo the potential correlation between coronavirus (CoV) infections and levels of environmental pollu...
Porcine adenovirus serotype 5 (PAdV-5) is an emerging viral vector platform for veterinary vaccines; however, its genomic plasticity and essential replication elements remain incompletely characterized. This study reports the isolation and reverse ge...
Insect vectors play a pivotal role in the emergence and dissemination of plant viral diseases. Beyond their function in transmitting plant viruses, these insects harbor diverse insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Advances in high-throughput sequencing (H...
Plant viruses have evolved from being viewed exclusively as pathogens into versatile and powerful tools for modern biotechnology. Among them, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) holds a special place due to its well-studied molecular biology and unique s...
Bacillus phage YungSlug is a novel phage with a genome that has limited homology to known viruses. To better understand this unique phage, we searched for close relatives of YungSlug using traditional comparative genomics approaches and a broad searc...
Background: This study investigated the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and explored the risk factors for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) in children. Methods: A ret...
Anelloviruses have a broad mammalian host range, including Torque teno felis virus (FcTTV), a felid-associated member that remains undercharacterized. This is the first comprehensive study of FcTTV in domestic cats in Central Asia. We analyzed blood...
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging pathogen responsible for vesicular lesions and neonatal mortality in swine. In the absence of effective vaccines or therapeutics, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for controlling SVA outbreaks. Although nuc...
Knowledge gaps exist on whether SARS-CoV-2 co-infection alters recombination frequency or induces phylogenetic incongruities in endemic β-coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1), limiting our understanding of cross-species evolution. Among 7213 COV...
Porcine parvovirus (PPV), a non-envelope single-stranded DNA virus, causes severe reproductive disorders in swine worldwide, characterized by fetal mortality, mummification, and reduced boar fertility. As a highly prevalent pathogen in Chinese swine...
Bacteriophages, or phages, are sophisticated nanomachines that efficiently infect bacteria. Their infection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in fermentation can lead to significant industrial losses. Among phages that infect monoderm bacteria, thos...
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute and potentially fatal hemorrhagic disease caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and several tropical countries, including Brazil. In Brazil, the Amazon region is considered the main endemi...
Current gene therapy treatments utilizing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are based on capsids of primate origin. However, pre-existing neutralizing anti-AAV antibodies, that are present in a significant portion of the population, can lead to ve...
Background: Respiratory viral infections pose a major global health burden, and molecular diagnostics such as Real-Time RT-PCR have revealed frequent co-infections. However, precise quantification of viral RNA remains challenging. Digital PCR (dPCR)...
Global efforts to eradicate smallpox—an Orthopoxvirus infection—began in the mid-20th century, with the last naturally occurring case reported in 1977. This was achieved through global solidarity efforts that expanded the smallpox eradica...
The reactivation of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) during severe immunosuppression plays a crucial role in two significant syndromes observed in transplant recipients: BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in kidney transplant patients and BK pol...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising in incidence globally. It is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Infection with hepatitis B and/or C virus is a significant risk factor for developin...
Long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV-LA) is currently approved as a maintenance therapy for people with HIV (PWH) who are virologically suppressed. However, growing real-world evidence highlights its potential role in more complex...
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity, particularly sensorineural hearing loss, yet its early detection remains challenging. While urinary PCR is the current diagnostic gold standard, its implementation in neonatal s...
The municipalities of Peixe-Boi and Santa Bárbara do Pará, both in the Pará State (eastern Amazon), have more than half of their territory deforested. Understanding the viral diversity in wildlife that inhabits the surroundings o...
Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence in Italy varies according to geographical areas and clusters of infection. Moreover, epidemiological studies are old, and the actual prevalence of HCV active infections is also affected by th...
Global climate change is the impact of combined abiotic and biotic stresses negatively affecting plant health and productivity. This study investigated the molecular and cellular responses of Nicotiana benthamiana L. plants to wild-type tomato bushy...
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) establishes lifelong infection and is associated with severe diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Cytotoxic T lympho...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, with mutations leading to the emergence of new variants. JN.1, a subvariant of omicron BA.2.86, has demonstrated marked immune escape and is now included in updated vac...
Background: HIV drug resistance (DR) mutations can compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) success among children living with HIV (CLHIV). We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a randomized control trial for ART monitoring among CLHIV in...
Background: Indigenous populations worldwide face a disproportionate burden of HIV due to structural inequities, cultural marginalization, and limited access to health services. Despite growing recognition of the need for culturally adapted responses...
Human noroviruses (HuNov) are the major cause of foodborne illness globally. Several HuNoV outbreaks have been linked to contaminated ready-to-eat seaweed products. Standard protocols such as the ISO 15216 show limited efficiency in extracting foodbo...
There was an error in the original publication [...]
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) stand as the primary cause of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, particularly impacting children under the age of five. In Russia, reports of norovirus gastroenteritis have surged, especially in the post-COVID...
Core fucose is one of the most important glycans in HBV infection. In this study, we investigated whether Pholiota squarrosa lectin (PhoSL), a lectin that specifically binds to core fucose, exerts an inhibitory effect in an HBV infection model of nor...
Andes virus (ANDV) is the leading cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in South America, a severe zoonosis with high mortality. Advances in critical care and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have significantly improved surviv...
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is an important zoonotic pathogen that infects many animals with mild symptoms. However, swine is the most receptive host and causes acute and lethal myocarditis and/or encephalitis, and induces sudden death in pigle...
Children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZVS) experience severe neurological and nutritional impairments. Although immediate clinical consequences are well-documented, long-term anthropometric and nutritional outcomes remain poorly understood....
The dengue virus (DENV) exploits host cell exosome pathways to disseminate and evade immunity. However, the host factors enabling this process remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that DENV infection robustly induces expression of the short is...
Typhoid fever, measles, and rubella continue to contribute significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality in India. In line with WHO recommendations for co-administration of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and measles–rubella (MR) vaccine a...
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children. However, the clinical impact of RSV co-infection with other respiratory viruses remains unclear. This study investigates the frequenc...
Background: Zoonotic risks in exposed students are poorly documented in Belgium. According to the literature, even though human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infection risk has increased significantly in southern Belgium, no previous human serologica...
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