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Viruses
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Porcine Viruses 2025
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Porcine Viruses 2025

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1313

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Guoxin Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
Interests: development of vaccines against animal viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lingxue Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Interests: viruses; immunology; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jin Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: porcine virus; immune evasion; pathogenesis; epidemiology; virus evolution; prevention and control；vaccine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Swine virus disease is a kind of disease that inflicts great harm on the pig industry. It is not only harmful to pigs, but also highly contagious. Once a pig is infected, an entire farm or even an entire area is at risk. In recent years, various emerging and re-emerging disease pathogens have gradually broken through the existing immune defense line, through continuous recombination and evolution, resulting in the inefficiency or even ineffectiveness of current immune prevention and control measures, bringing significant threats and serious economic losses to the global pig industry. For example, African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) constantly mutate under multiple selection pressures, such as body immunity and vaccine immunity. As the frequency of international trade increases, viruses spread faster and wider. Similar virus strains in different regions recombine with each other, making the recombinant mutant strains break through the existing immune prevention and control measures, increasing the difficulty of disease prevention and control. Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on the epidemiological study of swine viruses, the pathogenesis and immune escape mechanisms of the viruses, and the development of new vaccines in addition to other related disease prevention and control issues. We welcome you to provide relevant research articles, comments, and original research.

Prof. Dr. Guoxin Li
Dr. Lingxue Yu
Prof. Dr. Jin Cui
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • immune evasion
  • virus evolution
  • vaccine

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3514 KiB  
Article
Seroprevalence, Genetic Characteristics, and Pathogenicity of Korean Porcine Sapeloviruses
by Song-Yi Kim, Choi-Kyu Park, Gyu-Nam Park, SeEun Choe, Min-Kyung Jang, Young-Hyeon Lee, Yun Sang Cho and Dong-Jun An
Viruses 2025, 17(7), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17070870 - 20 Jun 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
Although porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is generally subclinical, it can cause a wide range of clinical signs in some individuals, including respiratory distress, acute diarrhea, pneumonia, skin lesions, reproductive failure, and neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genotype of PSV [...] Read more.
Although porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is generally subclinical, it can cause a wide range of clinical signs in some individuals, including respiratory distress, acute diarrhea, pneumonia, skin lesions, reproductive failure, and neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genotype of PSV isolated from domestic pigs and wild boars in Korea. We also analyzed potential recombination events, and assessed the pathogenicity of the virus through animal experiments. In wild boars, the prevalence of PSV antibodies decreased slightly (by 1.8%) over 5 years (from 2019 to 2024); however, prevalence increased significantly (by 17.8%) in breeding sows. In samples from animals with diarrhea and respiratory clinical signs, the prevalence of PSV alone was 21.1%, whereas the prevalence of PSV mixed with other pathogens was also 21.1%. The whole genome of the PSV/Goryeong/KR-2019 strain isolated from a piglet with diarrhea was closely related to the Jpsv447 strain isolated in Japan in 2009, and recombination analysis predicted that the PSV/Goryeong/KR-2019 strain was generated by genetic recombination between the KS05151 strain and the Jpsv447 strain. However, when the PSV/Goryeong/KR-2019 strain was orally administered to 5-day-old suckling pigs, diarrhea clinical signs were mild, and no significant changes were observed in villus height and ridge depth in the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. In addition, no neurological clinical signs were observed when the isolated virus was administered to 130-day-old pigs, and no specific lesions were found upon histopathological examination of brain tissue. In conclusion, PSV/Goryeong/KR-2019 appears to be a weakly pathogenic virus that does not cause severe diarrhea in suckling pigs, and does not cause neurological clinical signs in fattening pigs. Therefore, it is presumed that most PSVs detected in Korean pig farms are weakly pathogenic strains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2025)
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15 pages, 6831 KiB  
Article
Attenuation of a Virulent Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain DHeB1 via Serial Passage in LLC-PK1 Cells
by Yuhan Zhang, Kang Liu, Longfei Chen, Meng Yuan, Hongyu Lu, Shaobo Xiao and Liurong Fang
Viruses 2025, 17(5), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050695 - 12 May 2025
Viewed by 431
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly discovered enteropathogenic coronavirus primarily responsible for diarrhea and mortality in piglets, with the potential to infect humans, thereby posing a significant threat to both human health and the global pig industry. Currently, there is no commercially available [...] Read more.
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly discovered enteropathogenic coronavirus primarily responsible for diarrhea and mortality in piglets, with the potential to infect humans, thereby posing a significant threat to both human health and the global pig industry. Currently, there is no commercially available live-attenuated vaccine for PDCoV. In this study, an isolated virulent PDCoV strain, DHeB1, was continuously passaged in LLC-PK1 cells for up to 110 passages. The virus growth kinetics in cell culture and complete genome sequences of various passages (F11, F40, F70, F90, and F110) were determined. The results indicated significant increases in virus titers at passages F40 and F90. Sequence analysis revealed that only a few single-nucleotide mutations (some of which resulted in amino acid changes) and one nucleotide insertion were observed throughout successive passages. Notably, the eight and seven amino acid mutations that emerged in F40 and F70, respectively, remained stable in subsequent passages and were predominantly located in the S glycoprotein. The pathogenicity of F11, F40, F70, and F90 was assessed in 5-day-old piglets, revealing markedly reduced clinical symptoms, histopathological lesions, and intestinal PDCoV antigen distributions in piglets inoculated with F70 or F90. Importantly, F90 exhibited little to no virulence in piglets. The immunogenicity of F70, F90, and F110 was further evaluated in weaned piglets, with results indicating that the neutralizing antibody titers induced by F70 and F90 were comparable and significantly higher than those induced by F110. Collectively, these findings suggest that the PDCoV strain DHeB1 has been attenuated and can be used to develop a live-attenuated vaccine against PDCoV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2025)
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19 pages, 4600 KiB  
Article
The Junction Between nsp1β and nsp2 in the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Genome Is a New Site for the Insertion and Expression of Foreign Genes
by Changguang Xiao, Yafang Lin, Hailong Zhang, Zongjie Li, Ke Liu, Beibei Li, Donghua Shao, Yafeng Qiu, Zhiyong Ma and Jianchao Wei
Viruses 2025, 17(5), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050656 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 383
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is considered a promising viral vector for the expression and delivery of foreign genes for the development of a new generation of multi-valent vaccines against PRRSV and other porcine viruses, as well as for analyses of [...] Read more.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is considered a promising viral vector for the expression and delivery of foreign genes for the development of a new generation of multi-valent vaccines against PRRSV and other porcine viruses, as well as for analyses of the immune response against PRRSV and anti-PRRSV component screening. In the present study, the junction site between nsp1β and nsp2 in the PRRSV genome was tested for the insertion and expression of foreign genes. Three foreign genes, including eGFP, iLOV3, and TEVp, were inserted into the intergenic junction between nsp1β and nsp2 and expressed by the respective recombinant PRRSVs (rPRRSV-SH01-eGFP, rPRRSV-SH01-iLOV3, and rPRRSV-SH01-TEVp) in vitro in mammalian cells. Analysis of the growth kinetics of the rescued recombinant PRRSVs showed no significant differences between the recombinant PRRSVs and their parental viruses. The inserted genes were consistently present in the viral genome during serial passage in vitro (for at least 20 passages). In addition, rPRRSV-SH01-eGFP can be used as a reporter virus for rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV through a fluorescent focus unit reduction-based assay. These data demonstrate that the junction between nsp1β and nsp2 is a new site that is suitable for the insertion and expression of foreign genes, providing a new option to express and deliver foreign genes using PRRSV-based vectors for different purposes, such as the development of multi-valent vaccines against PRRSV and other porcine viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2025)
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