2025 October - 118 articles
The H7N9 influenza viruses, which are capable of causing severe respiratory syndrome in humans, were first discovered to infect humans in 2013 and continue to pose a persistent public health threat. Quail has been proposed as a potential intermediate...
For many years, viruses were regarded solely as agents of devastating diseases in humans, animals, and plants [...]
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a broad clinical spectrum from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory failure with high mortality. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by immune dysregulation, including lymphopenia and alterations in the counts of T,...
JC virus (JCV) replicates within the nuclei of glial cells in the human brain and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. JCV possesses a small, circular, double-stranded DNA genome, divided into early and late protein-coding regions. The...
Acute respiratory infections and other infectious diseases causing acute febrile syndrome are major public health concerns in Colombia, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the Wayuu Indigenous community in Manaure, La Guajira. To invest...
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative-sense arbovirus that causes several severe diseases, including hemorrhagic fever in ruminants and humans. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for RVFV. The viral nonstructural prot...
In the original publication [...]
Background: According to a WHO global hepatitis report, the global prevalence of hepatitis B in 2022 was 254 million and for hepatitis C it was 50 million. The estimated number of people newly infected by viral hepatitis declined from 3 million in 20...
Pomme fruits are propagated vegetatively, thereby facilitating frequent viral transmission. The causative agent of apple rubbery wood disease, apple rubbery wood virus 2 (ARWV2), can infect apple and pear. The branches of ARWV2-infected, symptomatic...
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is caused by begomoviruses and can result in yield losses of up to 90% in susceptible varieties. Using disease-free planting material from in vitro cultures is one of the most effective ways of controlling this disease. A...
Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) remains a global health challenge as WHO elimination targets are not achievable in most countries, mainly due to the high number of undiagnosed individuals. In Italy, where national elimination efforts are ongoing,...
Given their role in viral polyprotein processing, viral proteases (PRs) are excellent targets for antiviral therapy. Most assays developed for screening PR inhibitors are in vitro assays, and therefore have several limitations, including the inabilit...
Rational design of capripoxvirus-based vaccine vectors can be achieved by knockout of immunomodulatory genes. In this study, the effect of knockout of the immunomodulatory genes LSDV005, LSDV008 and LSDV066 on the replication of Lumpy skin disease vi...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis in Europe, with increasing recognition in immunocompromised patients. While genotype 3 (HEV-3) is most prevalent in the region, molecular epidemiology data from Hungary have been limited...
The Goose/Guandong lineage of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus [A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1)] is the progenitor of the currently circulating Eurasian-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b and has been the most consequ...
Testing medical countermeasures for SARS-CoV-2 transmission using vertebrates can be hindered by legislation regulating animal experimentation, high costs, and ethical concerns. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new Caenorhabditis elegans st...
Influenza viruses are adept at hijacking host cellular machinery to facilitate their replication and propagation. A critical aspect of this hijacking involves the reprogramming of host cell metabolism. This review summarizes current findings on how i...
Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of viral samples generates results dispersed across multiple files—genome assembly, variant calling, and functional annotations—making integrated interpretation challenging. Variants o...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is a lentivirus closely related to HIV-1 but exhibits distinct molecular and clinical features that influence viral infectivity and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. The HIV capsid is a critical structura...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains a devastating threat to livestock health and food security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), where complex interactions among host, environmental, and anthropogenic factors constitute an optimal endemic...
The Orthobunyavirus Oropouche (OROV) has become an urgent public health threat in Central and South America, as well as in other countries worldwide. Since its initial identification, there have been over 30 outbreaks, with the largest reported in la...
Investigating immunological and viral reservoir dynamics in blood and GALT during acute HIV phase advances understanding of HIV persistence. Dynamics of T cells and HIV reservoirs immediately after early ART require further investigation. We evaluate...
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease that poses a significant public health threat. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has a broad host range, including humans, cats, and natural reservoir species. Therefore...
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a formidable complication in small bowel transplantation (SBT) due to the graft’s high immunogenicity and profound immunosuppression required, with refractory disease representing a particularly devasta...
Efficient control of HIV-1 infection relies on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, this therapy is not curative and requires continuous drug administration. Application of HIV-1 defective interfering particles (DIPs), engineered wi...
Infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a leading cause of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. This situation persists despite the availability of effective prophylactic vaccines. While global vaccination programs have...
Avian influenza A viruses pose ongoing threats to human and animal health, with H7 subtypes causing outbreaks globally. In Mexico, highly pathogenic H7N3 viruses have circulated in poultry since 2012, causing sporadic human infections. Here we analyz...
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for HIV management and sustained virological suppression. Differentiating intentional from unintentional nonadherence is essential for developing tailored interventions, yet evidence from Asian po...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of worldwide economic importance. In Uruguay, BVDV is endemic, with seroprevalence >80% at the farm level. This study analyzed 912 samples collected from January 2018 to October 2024 by reverse tran...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily causes mild to moderate respiratory illness in humans, but infection can also lead to long-term complications, including chronic fatigue, respiratory and cardiac issues, or even d...
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a globally distributed viral pathogen that causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and affects other salmonids, yet no commercial vaccines are currently available. Major bar...
Bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) emerged in northwestern Europe in 2023–2024, raising concerns about its potential reproductive impact on rams, similar to previous outbreaks with BTV-8. This study assessed the effect of natural BTV-3 infecti...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have recently had a substantial impact on global poultry production and public health. In Egypt, clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 viruses were first isolated from wild birds in 2021 and then became dominant in...
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe, often fatal, diarrhea in suckling piglets and has zoonotic potential. Its nonstructural protein 12 (Nsp12), functioning as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is a cent...
Lassa fever (LF), a severe hemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa, is primarily transmitted by rodents of the genus Mastomys, particularly Mastomys natalensis, which serve as the main reservoirs of Lassa virus (LASV). There have been reports of h...
Amphioxus belongs to the subphylum Cephalochordata and occupies a transitional position in evolution between invertebrates and vertebrates. Due to the lack of viruses suitable for immunostimulation in amphioxus, this study for the first time explored...
HSV-2 is the main pathogen causing genital herpes, and its infection increases the infection and transmission of HIV-1. Currently, there are no vaccines to prevent HSV-2 infection or treatment that can fully cure it. Mining key host factors that regu...
During China’s 41st Antarctic research expedition, samples were collected from wildlife on the Fildes Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Real-time RT-PCR screening confirmed H5N1 positivity, representing the first identification of...
There was an error in the original publication [...]
Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen and phage cocktails offer a novel strategy against its infections. This study aimed to characterize Salmonella phages and assess the efficacy of various phage combinations, both in vitro and in vivo. Three phag...
The antigenic relationship between Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses (EA H1N1) and human pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses (2009/H1N1) remains a critical question for influenza surveillance and vaccine efficacy. This study systematically inve...
Ixodid ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of vertebrates. They constitute an integral part of natural foci and are responsible for the worldwide transmission of infections to humans, which can result in severe symptoms. For instance, the Tomsk reg...
The alloherpesvirus esocid herpesvirus 1 (EsHV-1) causes epidermal hyperplasia on the skin and fins of northern pike (Esox lucius). For the first time, we present a near-complete genome sequence of EsHV-1, directly obtained from a pike skin sample. T...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen in cattle and causes considerable economic losses worldwide. In Argentina, where there is no national control program, BVDV remains endemic. In this retrospective study, the epidemiological,...
In July 2024, bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) was first detected in southern Belgium, marking the onset of a major epidemic wave. This study documents, for the first time in Belgium, the ability of BTV-3 to cross the placental barrier in cattle,...
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major global health challenge, largely due to the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and impaired host immunity. Interferon-α (IFN-α), a key antiviral cytokine, not only directly res...
The genus Orthoflavivirus (family Flaviviridae) comprises several important pathogens that are widespread across the globe, often co-circulating in many regions. In Austria, the closely related mosquito-borne West Nile (WN) and Usutu (USU) viruses ha...
Cacipacoré virus (CPCV) is an understudied orthoflavivirus with significant gaps in research that hinders our understanding of its ecology, host range, and potential public health impact. A notable barrier to filling this gap is the absence of...
Rabies, a zoonotic infectious disease causing central nervous system inflammation, remains a threat to public health in regions with limited medical resources. Vaccination effectively reduces rabies incidence and mortality, underscoring the need for...
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) complicate COVID-19 inpatients, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), risk factors, and outcome...
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