2025 June - 131 articles
Viruses encode ion channel proteins called viroporins to assist in infection and immune evasion. The alphavirus 6K protein is classified as a member of the viroporin family of proteins. Several studies have characterized the role of 6K in alphavirus...
Highly pathogenic henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra viruses) and parahenipaviruses (Langya virus) have demonstrated significant zoonotic potential. We aimed to identify Henipavirus or Parahenipavirus species in rodents and shrews in South Korea to unde...
Henipaviruses are emerging zoonotic viruses that have caused deadly outbreaks in humans and livestock across several regions of the world. The fusion (F) protein of henipaviruses plays a critical role in viral entry into host cells and represents a k...
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), poses a catastrophic threat to global swine industries through its capacity for immune subversion and rapid evolution. Multigene family genes (MGFs)-encoded proteins...
Zika virus (ZIKV), once considered a relatively benign pathogen, has emerged as a cause of severe neurological complications, including Guillain-Barrè Syndrome and encephalitis. This report presents the case of a 21-year-old Brazilian woman wh...
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (PRRSV-2) represents one of the greatest threats to global pork production. Increased incidence of a genetic variant of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (variant 1H.18) was rece...
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) is a significant pathogen within the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, causing respiratory disease, abortions, and, in severe cases, equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). While nasal swabs and blood samples are c...
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease and remains a global health challenge despite the availability of effective vaccines. Although many regions have successfully eliminated measles, outbreaks continue to occur owing to vaccine hesitancy, ina...
Background: Dengue is a global health concern, with half of the world’s population at risk and no antiviral treatment available. This Phase 0 study investigated dengue infections among household contacts (HHCs) of dengue index cases (ICs) and a...
This study explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in outpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Yangon, Myanmar, during the 2023 rainy season. Among 267 patients who tested negative for influenza,...
Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis (R. alphagastroenteritidis) remains the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea. Although Angola introduced Rotarix®, the human monovalent R. alphagastroenteritidis vaccine since 2014 as part of its routine childhood...
Recent outbreaks of zoonotic influenza viruses underscored the need for a deeper understanding of transmission pathways and factors influencing spillover events. Understanding the combined effects of environmental conditions, host interactions, and v...
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly diverse pathogen with genetic variability primarily driven by mutation and reassortment. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we characterised defective viral genomes (DVGs) generated during the serial passaging...
Recently, cats have emerged as potential incidental hosts for avian and human influenza A viruses (IAVs), including the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. Following an unprecedented outbreak of H5N1 HPAI in cats in Poland in June 20...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging infectious tick-borne viral disease, is increasingly affecting human beings worldwide. SFTS monitoring has been carried out since 2010 in mainland China. Since 2022, an increase in local...
Background: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease characterized by reproductive failure in sows and severe respiratory disorders across all swine ages, causing significant economic losses. In China, the P...
An unprecedented outbreak of Oropouche virus (OROV) is occurring in the Americas, characterized by thousands of confirmed cases and a wide geographical spread, including areas outside the Amazon Basin. Little is known about this neglected arbovirus r...
Background: Bacterial co-infections in patients with viral pneumonia might increase mortality. In this study we aimed to evaluate their effect on the mortality of critically ill patients with viral pneumonia. Methods: A systematic search was conducte...
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic disease condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies has helped to control HIV. There are ten FDA-approved pro...
Infants born to HIV-positive mothers remain at significant risk of HIV acquisition despite maternal adherence to antiretroviral therapy, cesarean delivery, and formula feeding. Our previous study reported that initiating early antiretroviral treatmen...
Background: SARS-CoV-2 immunity is understudied in cancer patients. Here, we monitored natural/vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) stratified as vaccinated (mRNA/adenovirus-based vaccines), convalescent, an...
The ability of a virus to be propagated within a host cell is dependent on a multitude of dynamic virus–host interactions. Live-cell imaging is an invaluable approach in the study of virus replication cycles and virus–host interactions as...
Neuroinvasive arboviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and Toscana virus (TOSV) have (re-)emerged with increasing incidence and geographic range. We analyzed the epidemiology of arboviral in...
West Nile virus (WNV) causes thousands of arboviral infections in the United States each year. Patients with immune-compromising conditions and elderly people are at higher risk of severe WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND). Despite its broad endemicity...
Since its discovery via metagenomics in 2008, human cosavirus (HCoSV) has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and feces of humans with meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), and acute gastroenteritis. To date, 34 HCoSV genotypes have b...
In agreement with WHO recommendations, the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, implemented a population-wide HCV screening program for the treatment of the large asymptomatic infected population. From January 2022, the free-of-charge screening targeted all...
Viral evasion from effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and from antiretroviral therapy through viral sequence variation is frequently accompanied by a loss in viral fitness. The impact of sequence vari...
Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV). The rapid and accurate diagnosis of MPXV is essential for the timely and effective prevention, control, and treatment of the disease. In this study, we combined Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid...
Although SARS-CoV-2 reinfections remain a concern for healthcare systems worldwide, the factors driving them are still not fully understood. In this study, we examined data for 3303 individuals who experienced two SARS-CoV-2 infections between March...
Inflammation is a crucial component of the immune response essential for host defense and tissue repair. However, when the immune response becomes dysregulated, it can contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. While acute inflammation is a...
Adenovirus is a frequent cause of mild, usually self-limited infections in infants and young children. Severe infections occur in immunocompromised patients but are rarely observed in healthy, immunocompetent adults. However, there have been outbreak...
Community-based serosurveillance for emerging zoonotic viruses can provide a powerful and cost-effective measurement of cryptic spillovers. Betacoronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, are known to infect bats and can cause severe...
RNA viruses with pandemic potential pose a significant global health risk. The adenosine nucleoside analog GS-441524 is metabolized to its active GS-443902 triphosphate metabolite to inhibit a broad spectrum of RNA viruses. Intravenous (IV) remdesivi...
Approximately 15% of cancers worldwide are caused by oncogenic viruses. These infectious agents utilize multiple strategies to dysregulate their host cells as a means of viral reproduction. While this typically involves a small number of viral oncopr...
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play a critical role in bacterial gene expression, modulating various cellular processes, including stress responses, metabolism, virulence, and many others. While well-characterized in bacterial systems, an emerging cla...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is aworldwide spread disease. This study analyzed the changes in saliva analytes of pigs infected with PRRS virus (PRRSV) in different clinical conditions that can appear in PRRSV-positive farms. B...
In this study, we investigated the proportion of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutations and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 subtypes among 487 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve individuals in South Korea from 2021 to 2024 to inform mo...
Nipah virus (NiV), a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus, displays strain-specific pathogenicity, yet the molecular basis for this divergence remains elusive. Here, we identify N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification as a pivotal regulator of NiV repl...
In the eastern Brazilian Amazon, the Viseu municipality has almost 70% of its territory deforested. Monitoring viruses from wildlife hosts enables the prevention and control of epizootic events and outbreaks. Seven samples from three marsupials and t...
Roses (Rosa spp.) are among the most economically and culturally significant flowering plants worldwide. However, rose cultivation faces a critical threat from rose rosette disease (RRD), which is caused by Emaravirus rosae (rose rosette virus, RRV),...
The COVID-19 infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has evoked a worldwide pandemic. Even though vaccines have been developed on an enormous scale, but due to regular mutations in the viral gene and the eme...
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a highly destructive plant pathogen and transmitted by several thrips including the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. A structural N protein encoded in the viral genome represents the nucleocapsid...
Background and Objectives: Myricetin, a flavonoid compound, was demonstrated to effectively arrest the cell-to-cell fusion and syncytial development triggered by Nipah virus (NiV) fusion (F) and attachment (G) envelope glycoproteins in vitro involvin...
Whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex, along with the plant viruses they transmit, pose significant challenges to crop production worldwide. Upon infestation or infection, intimate interactions occur between plant hosts and these pests, influencin...
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly contagious and lethal virus affecting domestic and wild pigs, has raised global concerns due to its continued spread across Europe and Asia. While traditional transmission pathways involve suids and soft tic...
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly virulent pathogen that causes nearly 100% mortality in acute infections and poses persistent risks. Effective containment of ASFV outbreaks requires rapid and reliable diagnostic tools. The p54 protein, a...
The efficacy of steroid pulse therapy for treating severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of steroid pulse therapy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in patients who did not respond to c...
Therapeutic gene editing strategies utilize endogenous DNA repair pathways—nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR)—to introduce targeted genomic modifications. Because HDR is restricted to dividing cells, wherea...
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in veterinary medicine. This retrospective study aimed to identify epidemiological characteristics and potential risk factors associated with CDV infe...
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in Uganda’s Zika Forest in 1947. The early African viruses posed little or no health risk to humans. Since then, ZIKV has undergone extensive genetic evolution and adapted to humans, and it now causes a ra...
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