HIV Protease

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 3121

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Interests: spin-labeling; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); molecular motion; conformational sampling; HIV-1 protease; drug-pressure selected mutations; natural polymorphisms
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

HIV-1 protease remains a target for the treatment of those living with HIV-1 infection. Until vaccines are developed, and latent infections can be overcome, the continued development of novel inhibitors and research into the mechanism of maturation and co-evolution of HIV-1 protease are essential for the management of viral loads and prevention of maturation of infectious virus particles. Research papers, perspectives, and review articles exploring/summarizing the development of novel inhibitors, drug resistance inhibitor development, multifunctional inhibitors, structural and dynamic studies, co-evolution of protease with other viral proteins, and comparative studies of resistance mechanisms from various subtypes are invited to contribute to this Special Issue.  

Prof. Dr. Gail E. Fanucci
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • HIV protease
  • antiretroviral therapy
  • drug resistance
  • inhibitor development
  • viral maturation
  • viral co-evolution
  • natural polymorphism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

18 pages, 2588 KiB  
Review
Integrative Computational Approaches for Understanding Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Protease Subtype C
by Sankaran Venkatachalam, Nisha Muralidharan, Ramesh Pandian, Yasien Sayed and M. Michael Gromiha
Viruses 2025, 17(6), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060850 - 16 Jun 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic disease condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies has helped to control HIV. There are ten FDA-approved protease inhibitors (PIs) that are used as part of antiretroviral [...] Read more.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic disease condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies has helped to control HIV. There are ten FDA-approved protease inhibitors (PIs) that are used as part of antiretroviral therapies in HIV treatment. Importantly, all these drugs are designed and developed against the protease (PR) from HIV subtype B. On the other hand, HIV-1 PR subtype C, which is the most dominant strain in countries including South Africa and India, has shown resistance to PIs due to its genetic diversity and varied mutations. The emergence of resistance is concerning because the virus continues to replicate despite treatment; hence, it is necessary to develop drugs specifically against subtype C. This review focuses on the origin, genetic diversity, and mutations associated with HIV-1 PR subtype C. Furthermore, computational studies performed on HIV-1 PR subtype C and mutations associated with its resistance to PIs are highlighted. Moreover, potential research gaps and future directions in the study of HIV-1 PR subtype C are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Protease)
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18 pages, 4513 KiB  
Review
Mechanism and Kinetics of HIV-1 Protease Activation
by Caroline O. Tabler and John C. Tilton
Viruses 2024, 16(12), 1826; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121826 - 25 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2194
Abstract
The HIV-1 protease is a critical enzyme for viral replication. Because protease activity is necessary to generate mature infectious virions, it is a primary target of antiretroviral treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms regulating protease activation and the methods available [...] Read more.
The HIV-1 protease is a critical enzyme for viral replication. Because protease activity is necessary to generate mature infectious virions, it is a primary target of antiretroviral treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms regulating protease activation and the methods available to assess protease activity. Finally, we will highlight some of the key discoveries regarding the kinetics of protease activation from the last decade, including how the manipulation of activation kinetics may provide novel HIV-1 treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Protease)
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