Energies, Volume 14, Issue 3

Solar field developers include innovative solutions to optimize the energy production of their plants. Simulation tools play a significant role in the design and testing phases as they provide estimations of this yield in different conditions. Transi...

Real-time state estimation using a digital twin can overcome the lack of in-field measurements inside an electric feeder to optimize grid services provided by distributed energy resources (DERs). Optimal reactive power control of DERs can be used to...

Biodiesel production through chemical interesterification of triglycerides requires an excess of methyl acetate that must be recovered once the reaction is finished and the catalyst is neutralized. The present study concerns with the purification of...

The modular multilevel converter is capable to reach high-voltage levels with high flexibility, high reliability, and high power quality as it became the standard solution for high-power high-voltage applications that operate with fixed frequency. Ho...

Microalgae-derived biomass is currently considered a sustainable feedstock for making biofuels, including biodiesel and direct combustion fuel. The photoautotrophic cultivation of microalgae using flue gas from power plants has been continuously inve...

Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly e...

The recent decade’s rapid unconventional oil and gas development in the Eagle Ford of south-central Texas has caused increased hydrocarbon emissions, which we have previously analyzed using data from a Texas Commission on Environmental Quality air qu...

The energy transition in Germany takes part in decentral structures. With the ongoing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the electricity supply system, supply-side is therefore becoming increasingly decentral and volatile due to the s...

As the heat flux of electronic components is increasing rapidly, the traditional air-cooling technique is gradually not meeting the requirements of thermal management. The immersion liquid-cooling technique shows great potential, and has attracted in...

Accurate and reproducible aeroelastic load calculations are indispensable for designing modern multi-MW wind turbines. They are also essential for assessing the load reduction capabilities of advanced wind turbine control strategies. In this paper, w...

This manuscript presents a simplified method of modeling fixed-bed reactors based on the porous medium. The proposed method primarily allows the necessity of precisely mapping the internal structure of the bed—which usually is done using real object...

Small and micro energy sources are becoming increasingly important in the current environmental conditions. Especially, the production of electricity and heat in so-called cogeneration systems allows for significant primary energy savings thanks to t...

Electric vehicles represent a promising opportunity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets in the transport sector. Integrating them comprehensively into the energy system requires smart control strategies for the charging processes. In th...

Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure...

The relentless spread of photovoltaic production drives searches of smart approaches to mitigate unbalances in power demand and supply, instability on the grid and ensuring stable revenues to the producer. Because of the development of energy markets...

Knowledge of the conducted emissions in the frequency range 2–150 kHz contains some gaps related to the impact of the harmonics in the supply voltage on the nature of these emissions. It can be noticed that the conducted emissions from non-sinusoidal...

Solar energy is the most promising renewable resource with an unbounded energy source, capable of meeting all human energy requirements. Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) is an effective approach to convert sunlight into electricity, and it has a promising fu...

The oil injection method was studied to maximize the cooling performance of an electric vehicle motor with a hairpin winding. The cooling performance of the motor using the oil cooling method is proportional to the contact area of the oil and the coi...

Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules are a new type of photovoltaic (PV) modules that are widely used in distributed PV stations on the roof of buildings for power generation. Due to the high installation location, BIPV modules suffer from...

In this work, we present results from the largest study of measured, whole-building energy performance for commercial LEED-certified buildings, using 2016 energy use data that were obtained for 4417 commercial office buildings (114 million m²) from m...

Accurate and real-time acquisition of vehicle state parameters is key to improving the performance of vehicle control systems. To improve the accuracy of state parameter estimation for distributed drive electric vehicles, an unscented Kalman filter (...

During the day, photovoltaic (PV) systems are exposed to different sunlight conditions in addition to partial shading (PS). Accordingly, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have become essential for PV systems to secure harvesting the maxi...

This paper, for the first time, investigates the possibility of exploiting a nonlinear bistable snap-through buckling structure employing piezoelectric transducers, to implement an autonomous sensor of mechanical vibrations, with an embedded energy h...

Modern energy automation solutions and demand response applications rely on load profiles to monitor and manage electricity consumption effectively. The introduction of smart control systems capable of handling additional fuzzy parameters, such as we...

This paper presents analysis and study of the single-phase transverse-flux machine. The finite element method results of the machine are compared with the laboratory measurements to confirm the accuracy of the computer model. This computer model is t...

A novel high-resolution method for forecasting cloud motion from all-sky images using deep learning is presented. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was created and trained with more than two years of all-sky images, recorded by a hemispheric sky i...

In Korea apartment buildings, most energy is consumed as heating energy. In order to reduce heating energy in apartment buildings, it is required to reduce the amount of energy used in heating systems. Energy saving in heating systems can be achieved...

This paper proposes a Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) model of a 2 GW offshore network with the parallel operation of two Modular Multi-level Converter (MMC)—High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission links connecting four Offshore Wind Farms (...

The State of Charge (SOC) estimation is a significant issue for safe performance and the lifespan of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. In this paper, a Robust Adaptive Online Long Short-Term Memory (RoLSTM) method is proposed to extract SOC estimation...

Accurate and comprehensive methods for the assessment of radiated electromagnetic emissions in modern electric transportation systems are a necessity. The characteristics and susceptibility of modern victim signaling and communication radio services,...

The present work addresses the need for an efficient, versatile, accurate and open-source numerical tool to be used during the design stage of wave energy converters (WECs). The device considered here is the heaving point-absorber developed and teste...

This paper proposes a multi-objective load dispatch algorithm based on economic predictive control to solve the real-time multi-objective load dispatch problem of biomass heat and power cogeneration. According to the energy conservation law and produ...

The integrated electricity–gas energy system (IEGES) coordinates the power system and natural gas system through P2G equipment, gas turbines and other coupling components. The IEGES can realize wide-range and long-distance transmission of electricity...

Microentrepreneurs contribute to the growth of electromobility, and hence to sustainable transport, by the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). This article attempts to identify key factors that may affect the growth of interest in AFV among...

This work examines formate salts as potential phase change materials (PCMs) for middle-high temperature (≤250 °C) latent heat thermal energy storage applications. The thermophysical properties of three formate salts were characterized: pure sodium fo...

Recently, the use of electric vehicles in a power grid has been attracting attention. The success of vehicle-grid integration (VGI) requires the active participation of not only VGI service providers but also electric vehicle owners, utility companie...

A detailed analysis of the power demand of an ultraefficient lightweight-battery electric vehicle is performed. The aim is to overcome the problem of lightweight electric vehicles that may have a relatively bad environmental impact if their power dem...

Smart-meter technology advancements have resulted in the generation of massive volumes of information introducing new opportunities for energy services and data-driven business models. One such service is non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). NILM is...

In this work we assessed the shallow geothermal heat-exchange potential of a fluvial plain of the Central Apennines, the lower Metauro Valley, where about 90,000 people live. Publicly available geognostic drilling data from the Italian Seismic Microz...

In the battery management system, it is important to accurately and efficiently estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries, which generally requires the establishment of a equivalent circuit model of the battery, whose accuracy and r...

In August 2019, a new bus fleet of 36 electric and 58 hybrid buses were implemented in Trondheim, Norway. This paper examines the carbon footprint of electrified city buses, by addressing the achieved and potential reduction for the new bus fleet. Im...

In Poland, special attention is focused on sustainable municipal waste management. As a result, new waste incineration plants are being planned. They are considered to be modern, ecologically friendly, and renewable energy sources. The waste from con...

Transonic flows of a molecularly complex organic fluid through a stator cascade were investigated by means of large eddy simulations (LESs). The selected configuration was considered as representative of the high-pressure stages of high-temperature O...

Thin-film organic solar cell (OSC) performances have been investigated in detail by improved analytical computation in this work. The generation of excitons inside OSC has been estimated by using the optical transfer matrix method (OTMM) to include t...

The high share of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector is one of the main pillars of sustainable development. Availability of a suitable charging infrastructure and an affordable electricity cost for battery charging are the main fact...

Despite large amounts of available roof space, long pay-back periods for investments in photovoltaic (PV) power plants often hinder PV installations in industrial parks. Photovoltaic citizen participation initiatives (PV-CPI) are an alternative way o...

The paper presents a new concept of determining the resultant position of a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based on individual SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) determinations from all available EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overla...

The use of air source heat pump systems for space heating and cooling is a convenient retrofitting strategy for reducing building energy costs. This can be combined with the rooftop installation of photovoltaic panels, which can cover, to a significa...

Along with the increasing share of non-synchronous power sources, the inertia of power systems is being reduced, which can give rise to frequency containment problems should an outage of a generator or a power infeed happen. Low system inertia is eve...

The transition of the energy system in Poland has a long time horizon and demands a substantial investment effort supported by proper economic evaluation. It requires a precise Social Discount Rate (SDR) estimation as discounting makes the present va...