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Energies, Volume 11, Issue 6

2018 June - 294 articles

Cover Story: The process of hydrocarbon generation is a function of kerogen content, type, and its maturity. During the past decade, organic-rich shales have been studied extensively, while kerogen, as one of their main constituents, is not well understood. Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive method to investigate the thermal maturity of kerogen at the molecular level. The thermal advance of kerogen makes clusters of aromatic bands and causes the reduction of heteroatoms. This evolution is perceived by Raman spectroscopy directly to build a realistic molecular model for kerogen. View the paper here.
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Articles (294)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,804 Views
17 Pages

Reactive Power Planning for Regional Power Grids Based on Active and Reactive Power Adjustments of DGs

  • Yangwu Shen,
  • Feifan Shen,
  • Yaling Chen,
  • Liqing Liang,
  • Bin Zhang and
  • Deping Ke

20 June 2018

To deal with extreme overvoltage scenarios with small probabilities in regional power grids, the traditional reactive power planning model requires a huge VAR compensator investment. Obviously, such a decision that makes a large investment to cope wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,126 Views
14 Pages

The Effect of a Vertical Electric Field on the Surface Flashover Characteristics of a Bushing Model

  • Mingxi Zhu,
  • Liming Wang,
  • Fanghui Yin,
  • Masoud Farzaneh,
  • Hongwei Mei and
  • Lu Wen

20 June 2018

High-voltage bushings play a crucial role in energy conveyance. Their specialized electric structure makes the bushing more vulnerable to surface discharge. However, the influence of a vertical electric field on the surface flashover of bushing struc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
6,221 Views
28 Pages

20 June 2018

Formation heat treatment (FHT) can be achieved by converting electromagnetic energy into heat energy (that is microwave heating or MWH). Experimental evidence shows that such FHT can significantly enhance oil and gas recovery. As relatively few resea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
127 Citations
24,717 Views
20 Pages

Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production

  • James Bleeg,
  • Mark Purcell,
  • Renzo Ruisi and
  • Elizabeth Traiger

20 June 2018

Measurements taken before and after the commissioning of three wind farms reveal that the wind speeds just upstream of each wind farm decrease relative to locations farther away after the turbines are turned on. At a distance of two rotor diameters u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,039 Views
13 Pages

20 June 2018

Metal-oxide arresters (MOAs) are used to absorb the electrical energy resulting from overvoltages in power systems. However, temperature rises caused by the absorbed energy can lead to the electrothermal failure of MOAs. Therefore, it is necessary to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,259 Views
11 Pages

3-Leg Inverter Control for 2-Phase Outer Rotor Coreless Torque Actuator in Hybrid Multi-D.O.F System

  • Kyoung Jin Joo,
  • Gang Seok Lee,
  • Hyun Seok Hong,
  • Sung Hong Won and
  • Ju Lee

20 June 2018

Since an existing 3-phase inner rotor torque actuator (TA) has severe torque ripples, it is not appropriate for a gimbal system that requires precise position control. Therefore, a coreless TA is considered to eliminate the core causing torque ripple...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,101 Views
11 Pages

20 June 2018

This paper presents a theoretical model and its experimental validation for the pressure ratio of a swash plate-rotating hydraulic transformer. The structure and principle of the new type of transformer are described. The swash plate-rotating type ca...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,687 Views
18 Pages

Fully-distributed Load Frequency Control Strategy in an Islanded Microgrid Considering Plug-In Electric Vehicles

  • Xiao Qi,
  • Yan Bai,
  • Huanhuan Luo,
  • Yiqing Zhang,
  • Guiping Zhou and
  • Zhonghua Wei

20 June 2018

With large-scale integration of electric vehicles, this paper investigates the load frequency control problem in an islanded microgrid with plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), which can be regarded as mobile battery energy storages to provide a valuabl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
8,402 Views
26 Pages

20 June 2018

Solar thermal systems are a long-standing technology that is receiving increased attention, in terms of research and development, due to ambitious climate change targets and the need for renewable energy solutions. Integrated collector-storage solar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,015 Views
10 Pages

SnSb Alloy Blended with Hard Carbon as Anode for Na-Ion Batteries

  • Ying Ching Lu,
  • Nikolay Dimov,
  • Shigeto Okada and
  • Thi Hang Bui

20 June 2018

SnSb binary alloys blended with reduced graphene oxide (SnSb/RGO) or mixtures of SnSb/RGO with hard carbon (SnSb/RGO+HC) were tested as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The presence of hard carbon in the SnSb/RGO+HC blend improves its cycle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
7,434 Views
20 Pages

The Future of Fossil Fired Power Plants in Germany—A Lifetime Analysis

  • Peter Markewitz,
  • Martin Robinius and
  • Detlef Stolten

20 June 2018

In many German energy projections, the assumption of power plant lifetimes plays a central role, since it is often used in projections for the existing fleet of power plants or as a criterion for decommissioning in model-based investigations. The res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,124 Views
19 Pages

19 June 2018

Energy and agricultural commodities and markets have been examined extensively, albeit separately, for a number of years. In the energy literature, the returns, volatility and volatility spillovers (namely, the delayed effect of a returns shock in on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,633 Views
18 Pages

19 June 2018

The Chinese Loess Plateau is an ecologically fragile and sensitive area. The carbon storage dynamics in this region and the contributions from land use/land cover change (LUCC) and carbon density from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed in this paper. Normali...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,192 Views
16 Pages

19 June 2018

This paper concerns the issue of the proper selection of the operating parameters of the fluidised desiccant cooler. Despite the fact that fluidised desiccant cooling technology is being reported in the literature as an efficient way to provide cooli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,806 Views
23 Pages

19 June 2018

A rim driven thruster (RDT) is an integrated deep-sea motor thruster that has been widely studied. In order to improve the performance of RDT, a novel RDT motor with a modular stator is proposed in this paper. The electromagnetic performance of the n...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,968 Views
15 Pages

19 June 2018

Aiming at some long ore passes with severe damages and extensive collapses, we describe an optimal measure to plug a local area of ore pass in order to maintain the capacity of continued use. This paper, taking a new plug for the extensively collapse...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,251 Views
19 Pages

19 June 2018

With large scale wind integration and increasing wind penetration in power systems, relying solely on conventional generators for frequency control is not enough to satisfy system frequency stability requirements. It is imperative that wind power hav...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,134 Views
20 Pages

19 June 2018

The 2 × 25 kV power supply system is the most frequently used traction rail system to provide the huge power needed by high-speed trains. However, locating the ground fault in this power supply system is more complicated than in other configura...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,282 Views
24 Pages

19 June 2018

Following restructuring of power industry, electricity supply to end-use customers has undergone fundamental changes. In the restructured power system, some of the responsibilities of the vertically integrated distribution companies have been assigne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,966 Views
14 Pages

19 June 2018

Lean direct injection (LDI) combustion has a high potential as a low pollution combustion method for gas turbines. The present research aims to further investigate the discharge coefficient of an LDI module, axial swirler and convergent outlet under...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,133 Views
14 Pages

19 June 2018

This paper presents an improvement in harmonic compensation performance of a previously proposed smart charger (SC) with a constant dc-capacitor voltage-control (CDCVC) strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) in single-phase three-wire distribution feed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Citations
8,031 Views
21 Pages

Short-Term Forecasting for Energy Consumption through Stacking Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning Model

  • Mergani A. Khairalla,
  • Xu Ning,
  • Nashat T. AL-Jallad and
  • Musaab O. El-Faroug

19 June 2018

In the real-life, time-series data comprise a complicated pattern, hence it may be challenging to increase prediction accuracy rates by using machine learning and conventional statistical methods as single learners. This research outlines and investi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,930 Views
20 Pages

The Integration of 3D Modeling and Simulation to Determine the Energy Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Systems in the Pisa (Italy) Sedimentary Plain

  • Alessandro Sbrana,
  • Paola Marianelli,
  • Giuseppe Pasquini,
  • Paolo Costantini,
  • Francesco Palmieri,
  • Valentina Ciani and
  • Michele Sbrana

18 June 2018

Shallow, low-temperature geothermal resources can significantly reduce the environmental impact of heating and cooling. Based on a replicable standard workflow for three-dimensional (3D) geothermal modeling, an approach to the assessment of geotherma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,068 Views
17 Pages

18 June 2018

This paper proposes a simple yet effective reference current generation algorithm based on instantaneous power pq theory to enhance mitigation performance of a three-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter-based shunt active power filt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
4,275 Views
20 Pages

18 June 2018

Aiming at restructuring the conventional energy delivery infrastructure, the concept of energy Internet (EI) has become popular in recent years. Outstanding benefits from an EI include openness, robustness and reliability. Most of the existing litera...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,655 Views
23 Pages

18 June 2018

Recently, a traction blockade in the depots of numerous electric multiple units (EMUs) of high-speed railways has occured and resulted in some accidents in train operation. The traction blockade is caused by the low-frequency oscillation (LFO) of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,179 Views
21 Pages

17 June 2018

The joint action of the European directives and the national strategies make the issue of energy efficiency of the dwelling stock one of the main research directions in the field. The purpose of this study is to create and apply a methodology for dev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,638 Views
18 Pages

17 June 2018

Coal remains a major source of electricity production even under the current state of developments in climate policies due to national energy priorities. Coal remains the most attractive option, especially to the developing economies in Southeast Asi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
5,955 Views
21 Pages

17 June 2018

Dynamic Trees are a tree-based machine learning technique specially designed for online environments where data are to be analyzed sequentially as they arrive. Our purpose is to test this methodology for the very first time for Electricity Price Fore...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,475 Views
13 Pages

Approaches for Safety Analysis of Gas-Pipeline Functionality in Terms of Failure Occurrence: A Case Study

  • Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak,
  • Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik,
  • Marek Urbanik and
  • Janusz R. Rak

17 June 2018

The development of appropriate assessment methods of gas-pipeline functionality contributes to the reduction of failure consequences and helps engineers to make the right decisions as to the optimal solution choice for technical facilities, as well a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
9,942 Views
14 Pages

One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Novel Cu-MnS with PVP Cabbage-Like Nanostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors

  • S. Srinivasa Rao,
  • Ikkurthi Kanaka Durga,
  • Bandari Naresh,
  • Bak Jin-Soo,
  • T.N.V. Krishna,
  • Cho In-Ho,
  • Jin-Woo Ahn and
  • Hee-Je Kim

17 June 2018

This paper reports the facile synthesis of a novel architecture of Cu-MnS with PVP, where the high theoretical capacitance of MnS, low-cost, and high electrical conductivity of Cu, as well as appreciable surface area with high thermal and mechanical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,272 Views
13 Pages

Physiochemical and Electrical Properties of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil under High Temperature Ageing for Application in Transformers

  • Nur Aqilah Mohamad,
  • Norhafiz Azis,
  • Jasronita Jasni,
  • Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir,
  • Robiah Yunus and
  • Zaini Yaakub

16 June 2018

This paper presents a high temperature ageing study of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) olein at 170 °C in the presence of air. In total, two types of RBDPO were examined. The physiochemical and dielectric properties of RBDPO we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
5,272 Views
15 Pages

16 June 2018

Titania-based nanofluid flowing inside a circular tube under the boundary condition of a horizontal uniformly heated wall was investigated numerically for both laminar and turbulent flows. In this work, an innovative numerical method using an Euleria...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,277 Views
17 Pages

16 June 2018

In electrical distribution systems, shunt capacitors are installed in order to reduce system losses, to enhance the voltage profile, and to free up system capacity. Nevertheless, the installation of shunt capacitors in distribution systems with disto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
7,373 Views
26 Pages

15 June 2018

Over the years, sustainability and impact on the environment, as well as operation expenditure, have been major concerns in the deployment of mobile cellular base stations (BSs) worldwide. This is because mobile cellular BSs are known to consume a hi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,471 Views
16 Pages

Advanced Thermodynamic Analysis Applied to an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System

  • Shucheng Wang,
  • Zhongguang Fu,
  • Gaoqiang Zhang and
  • Tianqing Zhang

15 June 2018

The variation performance of integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) is presented using energy, conventional exergy and advanced exergy analysis methods to provide information about exergy destruction of components and efficiencies of overall plant. M...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
5,315 Views
10 Pages

15 June 2018

In this short communication, we conducted first-principles calculations to explore the stability of boron monochalcogenides (BX, X = S, Se or Te), as a new class of two-dimensional (2D) materials. We predicted BX monolayers with two different atomic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,803 Views
24 Pages

15 June 2018

This paper addresses the issues related to the low-temperature catalytic oxidation of synthesis gas at high pressures under lean-burn conditions. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism responsible for the interplay between carbon monox...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,287 Views
14 Pages

15 June 2018

The effect of wall roughness with different lubricant film thicknesses on the characteristics of adhered fuel films of diesel-n-butanol blending fuels after spray impingement has been investigated. Four steel plates with different types of roughness...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,720 Views
15 Pages

Analysis and Elimination of Dead-Time Effect in Wireless Power Transfer System

  • Xin Liu,
  • Tianfeng Wang,
  • Nan Jin,
  • Salman Habib,
  • Muhammad Ali,
  • Xijun Yang and
  • Houjun Tang

15 June 2018

Dead time between the complementary driving signals is needed to avoid short circuit in voltage source inverters (VSIs), however, this raises issues such as voltage distortion and harmonic generation. In wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, the rat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,493 Views
13 Pages

15 June 2018

In the present work, an industrial-scale experiment on ventilation air methane (VAM) utilization by a multibed thermal flow-reversal reactor (TFRR) is conducted in China. The influence of the inlet flow rate, feed methane concentration, and cycle tim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
8,446 Views
16 Pages

Impact of Component Reliability on Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems’ Performance

  • Stefan Baschel,
  • Elena Koubli,
  • Jyotirmoy Roy and
  • Ralph Gottschalg

15 June 2018

In this work, the impact of component reliability on large scale photovoltaic (PV) systems’ performance is demonstrated. The analysis is largely based on an extensive field-derived dataset of failure rates of operation ranging from three to fiv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
3,717 Views
17 Pages

15 June 2018

Poplar pellets with and without Ca, Mg-lignosulphonate and three poplar and pine pellet blends (with three different percentages of pine—5, 45 and 95 wt.%) were burned in a 50 kW domestic boiler in order to evaluate their suitability as fuels....

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
7,561 Views
38 Pages

Fly Ash Formation and Characteristics from (co-)Combustion of an Herbaceous Biomass and a Greek Lignite (Low-Rank Coal) in a Pulverized Fuel Pilot-Scale Test Facility

  • Aaron Fuller,
  • Jörg Maier,
  • Emmanouil Karampinis,
  • Jana Kalivodova,
  • Panagiotis Grammelis,
  • Emmanuel Kakaras and
  • Günter Scheffknecht

15 June 2018

The lignite boilers are designed for lower quality fuels, and often the ash is not utilized. This work assessed the impact of combustion of an herbaceous biomass with a low-quality Greek lignite on the quality of the resulting fly ash. Test results w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,053 Views
13 Pages

15 June 2018

In many areas of application, the influence of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) on the composition of organic pollutants is still unexplored. In this study, sewage sludge (SS) was carbonized and the input as well as the hydrochar were examined for th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
93 Citations
10,511 Views
20 Pages

14 June 2018

Energy shortage and environmental problems are two dominant subjects. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is one of the oxygenated fuels with increasing interest as the alternative to diesel fuel or additive for conventional hydrocarbon fuels. In the last decad...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,207 Views
14 Pages

Thermal Conductance along Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene Grain Boundaries

  • Timon Rabczuk,
  • Mohammad Reza Azadi Kakavand,
  • Raahul Palanivel Uma,
  • Ali Hossein Nezhad Shirazi and
  • Meysam Makaremi

14 June 2018

We carried out molecular dynamics simulations at various temperatures to predict the thermal conductivity and the thermal conductance of graphene and hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN) thin films. Therefore, several models with six different grain bounda...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,623 Views
15 Pages

Short-Term Load Forecasting Using a Novel Deep Learning Framework

  • Xiaoyu Zhang,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Yajie Liu and
  • Yabing Zha

14 June 2018

Short-term load forecasting is the basis of power system operation and analysis. In recent years, the use of a deep belief network (DBN) for short-term load forecasting has become increasingly popular. In this study, a novel deep-learning framework b...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
51 Citations
9,564 Views
13 Pages

Characterization of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) System for Waste Heat Recovery

  • Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior,
  • Nelson H. Calderon and
  • Samara Silva De Souza

14 June 2018

This paper presents the development and characterization of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) system for waste heat recovery to low temperature in industrial processes. The relevance of this mode of electric energy harvest is that it is clean energy a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,801 Views
21 Pages

14 June 2018

The productive potential of coalbed methane projects is controlled by pore and fissure characteristics, which are intrinsically related to coal petrology. This work attempts to identify the influence of petrographic factors on the development of pore...

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Energies - ISSN 1996-1073