Current Oncology

10 pages, 829 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Trends in Volume, Timeliness, and Reporting Quality of Oncology Systematic and Scoping Reviews: A 25-Year Analysis

by Nandi Edwards, Hadia Malik, Daniel Zhang, Gabriel Boldt, Michael Lock, Jennifer Leigh and Ronald Chow

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090571 - 21 Sep 2026

Viewed by 222

Abstract

Systematic and scoping reviews synthesize evidence in oncology’s fast-moving therapeutic landscape, informing clinical and policy decisions. However, little is known about how review volume has changed over time, how quickly reviews reach publication, or how often protocol registration is reported within review abstracts. [...] Read more.

Systematic and scoping reviews synthesize evidence in oncology’s fast-moving therapeutic landscape, informing clinical and policy decisions. However, little is known about how review volume has changed over time, how quickly reviews reach publication, or how often protocol registration is reported within review abstracts. We searched Medline (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library (2000 to 9 October 2025) for oncology-focused articles labelled as systematic or scoping reviews, screened in duplicate by a human reviewer and a ChatGPT-5-assisted system, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. Cancer subspecialty, search-to-publication interval, and abstract-level protocol registration status and registry type were extracted. Of 92,800 references, 49,378 (53%) were systematic (n = 46,318) or scoping (n = 3060) reviews. Review volume rose sharply from 2000 (n = 61) to 2024 (n = 6313), with scoping reviews increasing steadily. Data for 2025 were available only through 9 October and were therefore not directly comparable with prior complete years. Among 9297 reviews reporting search dates, mean search-to-publication lag was 13 months, unchanged over time (p = 0.09). Only 2235 reviews (4.5%) reported protocol registration in their abstract, predominantly via the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Oncology evidence-synthesis output has grown, yet publication timeliness and abstract-level registration reporting have not improved, raising questions about its currency and verifiability. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 378 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Without Intraoperative Frozen Section in Preoperative Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia/Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia: Feasibility, Diagnostic Yield, and the Estimated Consequence of Frozen-Section Triage

by Mehmet Sait Bakır, Hasan Turan, Osman Doğan, Mürşide Çevikoğlu Kıllı, Numan Bilgiç and Şahin Yüksek

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090570 - 21 Sep 2026

Viewed by 230

Abstract

Background: Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EIN/AEH) carries a substantial risk of concurrent endometrial carcinoma at hysterectomy. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping requires cervical injection into an intact uterus, so the decision to map must be made before uterine pathology is known. A [...] Read more.

Background: Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EIN/AEH) carries a substantial risk of concurrent endometrial carcinoma at hysterectomy. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping requires cervical injection into an intact uterus, so the decision to map must be made before uterine pathology is known. A strategy that defers that decision to intraoperative frozen section therefore does not choose between mapping and no mapping; it forecloses mapping altogether. We evaluated the technical feasibility and diagnostic yield of SLN mapping performed without frozen section in patients with preoperative EIN/AEH and estimated how much of the nodal disease identified might not have been detected under a frozen-section-guided pathway. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, 86 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of EIN/AEH underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and SLN mapping with methylene blue between November 2021 and May 2026. No patient underwent intraoperative frozen section, and all SLNs underwent ultrastaging. Patients were grouped by final histopathology, and carcinomas were staged according to FIGO 2023. A counterfactual analysis applied the Mayo intraoperative triage criteria to the final uterine pathology and considered two mechanisms separately: patients who would not have undergone nodal assessment at all, and patients who would have undergone lymphadenectomy but whose disease volume might not have been detected by conventional nodal pathology. Results: Final pathology showed persistent EIN/AEH in 37 patients (43.0%) and endometrial carcinoma in 49 (57.0%). Patients upgraded to carcinoma were older (60.3 ± 9.5 vs. 53.1 ± 10.4 years, p = 0.001), more often postmenopausal (87.8% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.001), and had greater endometrial thickness (18.6 ± 8.7 vs. 13.5 ± 5.4 mm, p = 0.004). At least one SLN was retrieved in 82 of 86 patients (95.3%) and bilaterally in 76 (88.4%); bilateral detection did not differ significantly between groups (94.6% vs. 83.7%, p = 0.177). SLNs lay in the obturator region in 62.2% of hemipelves and in the external iliac region in 26.3%, together accounting for 88.5%. Nodal involvement was identified in 11 patients (12.8% of the cohort; 22.4% of carcinomas): isolated tumor cells in two, micrometastasis in six, and macrometastasis in three. Among the patients who underwent additional non-sentinel nodal assessment, no metastatic non-SLN was identified in the presence of negative SLNs; no reference standard was applied to the remaining SLN-negative patients, so a false-negative rate cannot be estimated. No patient with EIN/AEH-only pathology had nodal involvement. Under simulated frozen-section triage, 2 of the 11 node-positive patients (18.2%) would not have undergone nodal assessment at all; a further 6 had low-volume disease that might not have been identified by conventional nodal pathology. Taken together, up to 8 of 11 (72.7%), and up to 6 of the 9 with micro- or macrometastasis (66.7%), might have remained undetected under the specified hypothetical pathway. Conclusions: SLN mapping performed before hysterectomy and without intraoperative frozen section was technically feasible with methylene blue alone and identified occult nodal disease, a substantial part of which might not have been detected under a frozen-section-guided pathway. These findings establish feasibility and diagnostic yield only: the study has no comparison group and supports no conclusion about survival, morbidity, or cost-effectiveness. Because 43.0% of patients had EIN/AEH-only pathology, mapping should form part of individualized preoperative counseling rather than be applied universally. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Gynecologic Cancer Surgery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1347 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Pre-Spondylectomy Radiofrequency Ablation for Spinal Chordoma: An Illustrative Case and Systematic Review of Clinical Applications and Outcomes

by Holden Husbands, Drake Johnston, Matthan Tharakan, Ahmed Hussan, Kishore Balasubramanian, Patrick Bettiol, Benjamin Chou, Sanaa Hameed, Zachary A. Smith, M. Burhan Janjua, John F. Burke and Hakeem J. Shakir

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090569 - 20 Sep 2026

Viewed by 277

Abstract

Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive spinal tumors. En bloc resection may improve local control but can cause substantial morbidity. Thermal ablation may provide a less invasive adjunct or alternative in selected cases. We systematically reviewed reports of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, laser interstitial [...] Read more.

Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive spinal tumors. En bloc resection may improve local control but can cause substantial morbidity. Thermal ablation may provide a less invasive adjunct or alternative in selected cases. We systematically reviewed reports of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, laser interstitial thermal therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and similar thermal techniques for spinal or sacral chordoma to characterize their clinical applications and reported clinical and radiographic outcomes across pre-resection, primary non-operative, and palliative settings. Eligible studies reported at least one ablation-related clinical or radiographic outcome. Data were descriptively synthesized, and risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Thirteen studies including 33 patients and 34 ablated sites were identified. Cryoablation was used in 21 patients, RFA in 11 patients, and laser interstitial thermal therapy in one patient. Ablation was used as a pre-resection adjunct, primary treatment for unresectable disease, or palliation for recurrent or metastatic lesions. Most reports described pain improvement, short-term local stability, and few major complications. We also report an L4 chordoma treated with CT-guided RFA and vertebroplasty before staged en bloc spondylectomy, without a new neurologic deficit or local recurrence at 18 months. Thermal ablation may be a technically feasible adjunct, primary non-operative option, or palliative strategy for carefully selected spinal and sacral chordomas. In the presented mobile-spine case, planned pre-spondylectomy RFA was feasible before staged en bloc resection; however, limited follow-up and sparse heterogeneous literature preclude conclusions regarding long-term local control, recurrence reduction, survival, or routine use. Ablation should not replace oncologically appropriate en bloc resection when that procedure can be safely achieved and should be considered selectively within multidisciplinary chordoma care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Orthopaedic Oncology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2430 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Liver Injury in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: Machine Learning Modeling for Time-Stratified Risk Assessment

by Ying Jiang, Ranyi Li, Hong Gao, Xiaoyu Li and Ningping Zhang

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090568 - 20 Sep 2026

Viewed by 220

Abstract

Background: Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment and is widely used in the Chinese mainland. Though advances have been made, immune checkpoint inhibitor-related liver injury (ICILI) remains a significant clinical challenge. Existing risk models commonly lack time-specific risk stratification for ICILI. The present study [...] Read more.

Background: Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment and is widely used in the Chinese mainland. Though advances have been made, immune checkpoint inhibitor-related liver injury (ICILI) remains a significant clinical challenge. Existing risk models commonly lack time-specific risk stratification for ICILI. The present study aimed to develop and validate interpretable machine learning models to predict grade 2 or higher ICILI at multiple time points in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (GC). Methods: This retrospective cohort study encompassed GC patients who commenced their initial ICI medication between January 2019 and June 2023 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Five machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting (GradientBoost), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), were utilized to develop predictive models for grade ≥ 2 ICILI at specific intervals of 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The evaluation of model performance was conducted using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to assess feature importance and interpret the final model. Results: A total of 1337, 849, and 401 patients were enrolled in the follow-up groups at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The final model for grade ≥ 2 ICILI was developed with GradientBoost and achieved an AUC of 0.769 (95% CI: 0.732–0.806), with a test set accuracy of 0.834. XGBoost yielded AUCs of 0.671 (95% CI: 0.636–0.706) at 3-month indication, 0.678 (95% CI: 0.638–0.718) at 6 months, and 0.644 (95% CI: 0.589–0.699) at 12-month follow-up in the 5-fold cross-validation. The DCA curve demonstrated solid clinical benefit, whereas the calibration curve indicated good predictive reliability. SHAP analysis identified several parameters as predictive features at different intervals, which suggested that the ICILI determinants varied from acute inflammatory to host-related characteristics. Conclusions: A temporal stratification prediction model for grade ≥ 2 ICILI in GC patients was developed and validated at various intervals using ML algorithms with SHAP interpretability. This methodology facilitated early recognition of varying parameters across different treatment phases, enhancing clinical management and elevating treatment outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1164 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multidimensional Recovery Trajectories Throughout Breast Cancer Treatment and Survivorship: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

by Laura Lorenzo-Gallego, Nicola S. Diciolla, Fernando Ramos-Gómez, Virginia Prieto-Gómez, Aldina Couso-González and María Torres-Lacomba

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090567 - 19 Sep 2026

Viewed by 273

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer survivors frequently experience persistent sensory, psychosocial, and functional sequelae that may not be captured by pain measures alone. Understanding recovery trajectories throughout treatment and survivorship may help identify women at risk of long-term recovery-related difficulties. Objective: To investigate [...] Read more.

Background: Breast cancer survivors frequently experience persistent sensory, psychosocial, and functional sequelae that may not be captured by pain measures alone. Understanding recovery trajectories throughout treatment and survivorship may help identify women at risk of long-term recovery-related difficulties. Objective: To investigate sensory, psychosocial, functional, and quality-of-life trajectories throughout breast cancer treatment. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included women undergoing unilateral breast cancer surgery assessed at six time points before and after surgery, including before and after adjuvant treatments when applicable. Outcomes included sensory function, pain, upper-limb function, psychosocial variables, and quality of life. Results: Seventy-two women (57 ± 11 years) were included. Despite stable pain intensity and self-reported sensitization symptoms, fear of movement increased (TSK-11: MD [95%CI] = +9[0;22]), quality of life deteriorated (FACT-B: 3–12 month MD [95%CI] = −10[−19;−1]), and upper-limb function initially worsened before partially recovering. Objective sensory alterations suggested dynamic changes in somatosensory processing but were not consistently accompanied by greater pain intensity or self-reported sensitization symptoms. Conclusions: Recovery after breast cancer treatment is multidimensional and cannot be adequately reflected by pain intensity alone. Multidimensional assessment may help identify women at risk of persistent recovery-related difficulties and support personalized survivorship care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

35 pages, 1060 KB

Open AccessReview

Digital Twins for Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: From Molecular Stratification to Resistance-Aware Combination Strategies

by Francisca Gonçalves, Marta Gonçalves, Pedro Barata and Nuno Vale

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090566 - 17 Sep 2026

Viewed by 390

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains clinically challenging because of its marked inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity, the dynamic emergence of therapeutic resistance, and the limited ability of current biomarkers to guide treatment adaptation over time. Recent advances in digital twin (DT) [...] Read more.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains clinically challenging because of its marked inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity, the dynamic emergence of therapeutic resistance, and the limited ability of current biomarkers to guide treatment adaptation over time. Recent advances in digital twin (DT) technology have motivated the development of patient-specific, continuously updated computational models capable of integrating multi-scale data to support precision oncology. However, no current DT framework for HNSCC combines molecular stratification, longitudinal monitoring of resistance, pharmacodynamic modelling, and clinical decision support within a single adaptive system. In this review, we critically examine the current state of DT-enabled approaches for targeted therapy in HNSCC and propose a conceptual framework for their future clinical implementation. We discuss how genomic and multi-omic stratification, mechanistic imaging models, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling, longitudinal liquid biopsy (ctDNA and exosomes), ex vivo functional testing, toxicity prediction, and artificial intelligence could be integrated into a continuously updated patient-specific model. We further examine the biological mechanisms driving resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapy, highlighting how these dynamic processes should inform adaptive therapeutic decision-making. We discuss existing DT-like approaches and evaluated them according to their capacity to fulfil the DT criteria, while also presenting DT-enabling technologies. Among the frameworks currently available, the deep reinforcement learning-based DITTO platform represents the closest approximation to a clinically relevant HNSCC digital twin. However, it does not yet incorporate molecular signalling networks, longitudinal resistance biomarkers, or multimodal biological data. We therefore identify the integration of these complementary data layers as the principal challenge and opportunity for the next generation of DTs. Collectively, this review provides a conceptual DT framework in which four main data domains could fulfil different roles within the DT. By sharing different parameters across these layers, the framework could forecast emerging resistance and update model predictions longitudinally. Such a DT could support biomarker-guided patient stratification, adaptive treatment selection, rational combination therapies, toxicity prediction, and future clinical trial design in HNSCC. We also highlight challenges and limitations that need to be addressed for future clinical translation, including data integration, interpretability, clinical validation, workflow integration, and ethical and regulatory considerations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2391 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Beyond Implant Design: Surgical Principles and Early Outcomes of Patient-Specific Scapular Reconstruction After Total Scapulectomy

by Adyb-Adrian Khal, Ruxandra Florina Bodog, Florian Dorel Bodog and Ovidiu-Gogu Cacuci

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090565 - 17 Sep 2026

Viewed by 209

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Total scapulectomy for malignant scapular tumors remains a major reconstructive challenge because resection removes the osseous framework, muscular insertions, and biomechanical support required for shoulder function. Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants may improve anatomical reconstruction, but the indications and surgical principles underlying [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Total scapulectomy for malignant scapular tumors remains a major reconstructive challenge because resection removes the osseous framework, muscular insertions, and biomechanical support required for shoulder function. Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants may improve anatomical reconstruction, but the indications and surgical principles underlying successful total scapular replacement remain poorly defined. Methods: This retrospective single-center case series included the first three consecutive patients who underwent total scapulectomy followed by immediate reconstruction using a patient-specific 3D-printed scapular prosthesis between January 2024 and December 2025. Clinical, radiographic, oncological, and functional outcomes were reviewed. Functional outcome was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and active shoulder range of motion. Results: The cohort included two women and one man with a median age of 53 years (range, 43–58 years). Diagnoses were chondrosarcoma in two patients and osteosarcoma in one. All tumors were Enneking stage IIB. Negative margins were achieved in all patients, and the axillary nerve and principal shoulder-girdle stabilizers were preserved in every case. Median follow-up was 13 months (range, 12–27 months). At latest follow-up, two patients had no evidence of disease and one was alive with disease after developing pulmonary metastases. The median MSTS score was 25/30 (range, 21–26). Median active elbow flexion, abduction, and forward flexion measured 88°, 80°, and 80°, respectively. Two patients experienced complications: one clavicular fracture and one aseptic wound dehiscence; neither resulted in implant failure or required revision of the reconstruction. Conclusions: Patient-specific total scapular reconstruction may provide satisfactory early radiographic and functional outcomes in carefully selected patients, although outcomes remain variable depending on individual patient and tumor characteristics. Implant design, patient selection, preservation of the axillary nerve and viable innervated shoulder-girdle musculature, and soft-tissue reconstruction should be considered complementary components of this reconstructive strategy. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 1362 KB

Open AccessArticle

Patient Perspectives on Prostate Cancer Prehabilitation: A Qualitative Study Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to Investigate Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement

by Hannah Harsanyi, Nicole Slot, Ashley J. Housten, Yun Yun Lee, M. Eric Hyndman and Lin Yang

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 564; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090564 - 17 Sep 2026

Viewed by 252

Abstract

Cancer prehabilitation aims to improve outcomes by helping patients physically and mentally prepare for treatment. This qualitative study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators to engaging in prostate cancer prehabilitation and create recommendations for designing interventions. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore perspectives [...] Read more.

Cancer prehabilitation aims to improve outcomes by helping patients physically and mentally prepare for treatment. This qualitative study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators to engaging in prostate cancer prehabilitation and create recommendations for designing interventions. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore perspectives on cancer prehabilitation among men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Alberta, Canada. Interviews were thematically analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators to engagement. Themes were mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to create recommendations for intervention development. Thirty-four men diagnosed with prostate cancer completed interviews. Key facilitators to engaging in prehabilitation included opportunities for social connection, strategies to reduce treatment-related side effects, and support coping with the psychological impact of diagnosis. Barriers included competing care priorities, lack of familiarity with prehabilitation, logistical challenges, and stigmatized perceptions of help-seeking. To promote improved patient engagement, prehabilitation interventions should be initiated near diagnosis, offer personalized, goal-oriented interventions with multiple components, and have options for virtual participation to increase accessibility. These recommendations may help improve the uptake and impact of prehabilitation programming in prostate cancer care. Further research to identify evidence-based interventions for mitigating treatment-related side effects may help increase patient motivation to engage in cancer prehabilitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 279 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots by Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study

by Mustafa Serkan Alemdar, Yağmur Çolak, İlhan Günbayı and Hasan Mutlu

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090563 - 17 Sep 2026

Viewed by 287

Abstract

After a cancer diagnosis, patients experience intense uncertainty and increasingly resort to artificial intelligence chatbots in this process; however, how this use is experienced by patients has not been adequately studied. This study aimed to explore the experiences of adult patients diagnosed with [...] Read more.

After a cancer diagnosis, patients experience intense uncertainty and increasingly resort to artificial intelligence chatbots in this process; however, how this use is experienced by patients has not been adequately studied. This study aimed to explore the experiences of adult patients diagnosed with cancer in the last six months using artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 adults sampled by a criterion-based purposive sampling method in an oncology clinic in Türkiye. The data were analyzed according to Colaizzi’s method, and the following four main themes were revealed: artificial intelligence usage purposes, the experience of interacting with AI, the effect of the patient’s reflection on the AI experience on the relationship with the treatment team, and evaluation of the use of AI. The participants used chatbots as an intermediate resource during the period of uncertainty between the examination result and clinical explanation; some learned their diagnosis for the first time in this way. However, the relief provided by chatbots was temporary, and trust in chatbot results was constantly tested by the statements of the healthcare professional. As a result, some participants hid their use of chatbots for fear of being judged. AI chatbots served as a complementary source of information, but they did not replace the relationship with the healthcare professional. These findings suggest that healthcare professionals should ask patients about chatbot use without judgment, and that support provided during the post-examination waiting process could be strengthened. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 1861 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation Mimicking Leptomeningeal Metastasis After Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report Highlighting Dynamic Diagnostic Reassessment

by Kodai Shigeyama, Yosuke Dotsu, Shunsuke Yoshimura, Takeshi Hiu, Nozomi Ueki, Ryo Futsuki, Satoru Koga, Noritaka Honda, Kazumasa Akagi, Midori Matsuo, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Shinnosuke Takemoto and Hiroshi Mukae

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090562 - 16 Sep 2026

Viewed by 236

Abstract

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a rare inflammatory subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy that may present with leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thereby mimicking leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in patients with cancer. We report the case of an 82-year-old woman with [...] Read more.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a rare inflammatory subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy that may present with leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thereby mimicking leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in patients with cancer. We report the case of an 82-year-old woman with a recently resected lung adenocarcinoma who underwent brain MRI following a fall. MRI revealed bilateral asymmetric white matter hyperintensities and multifocal leptomeningeal enhancement, which initially suggested LM. However, preserved neurological function, negative cerebrospinal fluid cytology, and the subsequent identification of numerous cortical and subcortical microbleeds on targeted reassessment with susceptibility-weighted MRI prompted diagnostic reassessment. Brain biopsy demonstrated vascular amyloid deposition with perivascular inflammatory infiltrates, confirming CAA-ri. Because the patient remained neurologically stable, she was managed conservatively, and spontaneous radiological improvement was observed during follow-up. This case highlights the fact that leptomeningeal abnormalities in patients with lung cancer do not invariably represent leptomeningeal metastasis. When clinicoradiological findings are discordant, prompt reassessment using appropriately selected MRI sequences should be integrated with cerebrospinal fluid analysis and multidisciplinary evaluation, with pathological confirmation considered when clinically consequential alternative diagnoses cannot be excluded. This approach may help avoid inappropriate LM-directed therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Thoracic Malignancies)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 458 KB

Open AccessArticle

Practical Insights from Operationalizing a Remote Symptom Monitoring Program Using a Commercial Platform in a Canadian Community Cancer Clinic: A Post-Implementation Qualitative Evaluation

by Melissa J. Chao, Eric Liow, Nasia A. Sheikh and Jeremy Ho

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090561 - 16 Sep 2026

Viewed by 295

Abstract

Remote symptom monitoring using electronic patient-reported outcomes reduces symptom burden and acute care use in oncology, but most programs have been established in academic centers or funded trials using purpose-built software. We examined how the REmote Symptom and Patient mONitoring System (RESPONSe) was [...] Read more.

Remote symptom monitoring using electronic patient-reported outcomes reduces symptom burden and acute care use in oncology, but most programs have been established in academic centers or funded trials using purpose-built software. We examined how the REmote Symptom and Patient mONitoring System (RESPONSe) was implemented and subsequently funded as a recurrent clinical service at a Canadian community cancer clinic using a configured commercial platform, patients’ own devices, and no formal institutional mandate. We conducted a qualitative post-implementation process evaluation at Richmond Cancer Clinic, British Columbia, reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Eight staff, purposively sampled by role and phase of involvement, were invited and participated, which consisted of one oncologist, three nurses, two virtual health staff, and two administrators. Interviews were analyzed using deductive–inductive thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: tailoring technology for clinical fit; designing care around patient and clinician users, centered on a dedicated symptom management nurse; and managing up towards operationalization. Operationalization was achievable using a customizable commercial platform, but depended on the interaction of iterative technology adaptation, dedicated clinical ownership, evolving care workflows, and sustained organizational advocacy. We propose five transferable implementation strategies mapped to established implementation frameworks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology Nursing)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1578 KB

Open AccessArticle

Predictive Value of Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index and Modified Surgical Apgar Score for Severe Postoperative Complications in Malignant Obstructive Jaundice

by Shiwei Wu, Jiawei Jin, Dongxing Zhang, Daobin Wang, Jiayue Zou, Xiaoyuan Hu, Jun He, Xiaofeng Xue and Lei Qin

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 560; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090560 - 15 Sep 2026

Viewed by 263

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and intraoperative modified surgical Apgar score (mSAS) for severe complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ III) after curative-intent surgery in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) and to construct a [...] Read more.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and intraoperative modified surgical Apgar score (mSAS) for severe complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ III) after curative-intent surgery in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) and to construct a nomogram prediction model. Methods: The clinical data of 308 patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for MOJ at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2019 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. Independent predictive factors were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression; the dose–response relationship between PNI and complication risk was analyzed using restricted cubic spline (RCS); subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the consistency of predictive effects; procedure-specific sensitivity analyses were performed separately for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection (HCAE); a nomogram was constructed based on the independent predictive factors, and the performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Among the 308 patients, 65 (21.1%) had severe complications. The PNI (40.30 ± 4.19 vs. 45.91 ± 4.75) and mSAS (5.28 ± 1.28 vs. 7.28 ± 1.34) in the severe complication group were significantly lower than those in the non-severe complication group (all p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment including surgical approach, higher PNI (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.66–0.82, p < 0.001) and higher mSAS (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.21–0.44, p < 0.001) were independently associated with lower odds of severe complications. The quartile analysis of PNI showed a graded inverse association (p for trend < 0.001). Multivariable-adjusted RCS analysis demonstrated a significant overall inverse association between PNI and severe complication risk (p for overall < 0.001), with no significant evidence of nonlinearity (p for nonlinearity = 0.425). In procedure-specific sensitivity analyses, the PNI–mSAS model achieved an AUC of 0.959 (95% CI 0.921–0.997) in the PD subgroup and 0.901 (95% CI 0.837–0.965) in the HCAE subgroup. The AUC of the nomogram prediction model was 0.924; the calibration curve indicated good agreement, and DCA suggested potential clinical utility. Conclusion: Preoperative PNI and intraoperative mSAS are independently associated with severe complications after curative-intent surgery in patients with MOJ. The PNI–mSAS nomogram showed good internal discrimination and calibration and may assist perioperative risk stratification; however, external validation is required before routine clinical application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgical Oncology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1917 KB

Open AccessArticle

FGFR2 Fusions in Pancreatobiliary and Ampullary Cancers: High Detection Rate in FFPE Specimens of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Limited RNA Yields Using Amplicon-Based NGS Assay

by Simon Guertin, Niloofar Sina, Ken Kron, Kenneth J. Craddock, Amy McCarty, David M. Hwang and Weei-Yuarn Huang

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090559 - 15 Sep 2026

Viewed by 293

Abstract

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions are identified in approximately 10–16% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and represent actionable targets, with several FGFR inhibitors approved for clinical use. To evaluate the clinical utility and assay performance of an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing [...] Read more.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions are identified in approximately 10–16% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and represent actionable targets, with several FGFR inhibitors approved for clinical use. To evaluate the clinical utility and assay performance of an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach in this setting, we assessed FGFR2 fusion detection using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus (OCA-P). A total of 75 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from biliary, pancreatic, and ampullary malignancies submitted for FGFR2 fusion testing between 1 March 2023 and 30 June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 40 cases of iCCA. All iCCA specimens were successfully analyzed. FGFR2 fusions were detected exclusively in iCCA, yielding a detection rate of 20%. RNA concentrations in iCCA specimens ranged from 0.02 ng/µL to 104 ng/µL; six cases (15%) exhibited yields below 1 ng/µL and 10 cases (25%) ranged between 1 and 2 ng/µL. Despite limited RNA input, OCA-P demonstrated robust performance, successfully identifying FGFR2 fusions at concentrations below 2 ng/µL, levels typically considered suboptimal for partner-agnostic NGS approaches. These findings support the robustness and clinical utility of the OCA-P assay for reliable FGFR2 fusion detection in iCCA, particularly in specimens with limited RNA input. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 1851 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gastric Carcinoma with Exocrine and Neuroendocrine Components: A 16-Year Cohort Analysis and International Comparison

by Hu Ren, Zelin Wen, He Fei, Penghui Niu, Zefeng Li, Diliyaer Adili and Dongbing Zhao

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090558 - 15 Sep 2026

Viewed by 266

Abstract

Background: Gastric carcinoma with coexisting exocrine and neuroendocrine components (GC-EN) is rare and clinically aggressive, but its temporal pattern and prognostic impact remain poorly characterized. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1043 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at our center between 2008 and [...] Read more.

Background: Gastric carcinoma with coexisting exocrine and neuroendocrine components (GC-EN) is rare and clinically aggressive, but its temporal pattern and prognostic impact remain poorly characterized. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1043 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at our center between 2008 and 2024. Following tumor–node–metastasis staging and 1:2 pTNM stage matching, 882 patients were included; 294 had GC-EN, of which 175 had GNEC, and 588 had GC. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared, survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimates and multivariate Cox regression, and the proportion of GNEC cases in our center and the U.S. surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database were evaluated. Survival patterns of GNEC were further compared with published international cohorts using Engauge Digitizer software. Results: Among the patients with gastric cancer admitted for treatment, the proportion of NEC fluctuated between 4.01% and 4.38% (2008–2013) and finally dropped to 1.6% (2020–2021), whereas the SEER database showed a modest rise with a late dip (1.67% → 2.72% → 2.44%). The overall survival (OS) of patients with NEC appeared to improve at our center (1-/2-/3-year OS: 85.1%/59.6%/34% in 2008–2012 to 94.1%/87.5%/76.2% in 2021–2024), whereas that in the SEER database declined over the same periods. The 5-year OS of the two databases remained similar (42.7% vs. 41.0%). The 1, 2 and 5-year survival rates of NEC in the external cohorts were higher than those in the SEER and Berlin series; however, the 3-year survival rates were similar, with the Italian multicenter cohort performing the worst. The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated significantly worse OS for GC-EN versus GC (p < 0.001); within GC-EN, the NEC subgroup (NEC ≥ 70%) had the poorest outcomes (p < 0.001), whereas mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) and adenocarcinoma-dominant (AC-dominant) cases had similar outcomes as GC (p = 0.52, p = 0.81). In the multivariable Cox model, GC-EN histology remained independently associated with worse OS (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.15–1.92; p < 0.01). Metastatic lymph node burden and higher pTNM stage were associated with worse survival, whereas greater lymph node retrieval and age 40–65 years were protective. After adjustment, vascular invasion, tumor size, and location were not independently significant. Conclusions: Over the past 16 years at the National Cancer Center of China, the proportion of NEC cases decreased, and survival appeared to improve. NEC-dominant disease appeared to be the main driver of poor prognosis within GC-EN, whereas MiNEN and AC-dominant tumors showed survival patterns similar to GC in this cohort. These findings emphasize the need for GC-EN-specific risk stratification and tailored treatment strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 612 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Berubicin Substituted for Cytarabine in a MATRix-Based Regimen for Isolated Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Five-Patient Case Series from the BER-PUM Study

by Sławomir Milczarek, Oliwia Piotrowska, Bartłomiej Baumert, Ewa Borowiecka, Krzysztof Sommerfeld, Alina Hnatyszyn and Bogusław Machaliński

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090557 - 15 Sep 2026

Viewed by 262

Abstract

Primary and isolated secondary central nervous system lymphomas are aggressive malignancies requiring effective central nervous system–directed therapy. Intensive high-dose methotrexate–based regimens may be difficult to deliver, particularly in older or functionally impaired patients. Berubicin is a doxorubicin analog developed to cross the blood–brain [...] Read more.

Primary and isolated secondary central nervous system lymphomas are aggressive malignancies requiring effective central nervous system–directed therapy. Intensive high-dose methotrexate–based regimens may be difficult to deliver, particularly in older or functionally impaired patients. Berubicin is a doxorubicin analog developed to cross the blood–brain barrier. We report a prospective case series of five adults with primary or isolated secondary CNS lymphoma treated within the BER-PUM phase Ib/II study (EudraCT 2021-006028-41), evaluating berubicin as part of the investigational MBTRIX regimen. Patients received up to four 21-day cycles of rituximab, high-dose methotrexate, berubicin, and thiotepa, with between-patient and intrapatient berubicin dose escalation. Four out of five patients completed all planned cycles, even though most of the patients had an ECOG score of 2. After two cycles, four achieved partial response, and one had progressive disease. Two patients underwent autologous stem-cell transplantation; one achieved complete response maintained at 12 months, whereas the other died from severe infectious and multiorgan complications. All patients experienced at least one grade ≥ 3 adverse event, predominantly hematologic. No protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicity or berubicin dose reduction occurred. Recruitment ended prematurely because berubicin became unavailable. This case series demonstrates the feasibility of MBTRIX, although the small sample and incomplete dose escalation preclude definitive conclusions regarding safety and efficacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 317 KB

Open AccessReview

Breast–Ovarian Hereditary Cancer Syndrome: Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2

by Evgeny Imyanitov and Anna Sokolenko

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090556 - 14 Sep 2026

Viewed by 406

Abstract

Although BRCA1 and BRCA2 remain the backbone for germline DNA testing of patients with breast cancer (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC), there are a number of other genes with proven or potential clinical significance. PALB2 is associated with an elevated risk of BC, [...] Read more.

Although BRCA1 and BRCA2 remain the backbone for germline DNA testing of patients with breast cancer (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC), there are a number of other genes with proven or potential clinical significance. PALB2 is associated with an elevated risk of BC, whereas pathogenic variants (PVs) in RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1 are mainly relevant to OC development. Some germline findings are helpful in guiding therapeutic decisions: for example, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D germline PVs render tumors sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), whereas cancers arising in PTEN heterozygotes are likely to be responsive to AKT down-regulators. CHEK2, ATM, BLM, and NBN PVs result in only a two-fold or even lower excess of cancer risk. However, the incorporation of these genes in DNA testing panels may occasionally lead to the identification of individuals with biallelic germline inactivation; these patients have a severe disease phenotype and thus require intensive medical intervention. The accumulation of data on “non-BRCA” BC- and OC-predisposing genes is complicated due to the rarity of their alterations, significant interethnic variations in population frequency of relevant PVs, heterogeneity of disease subtypes, etc. The use of extended gene panels, which pool together both clinically validated cancer-associated genes and “candidate” genes with potential but unproven significance, is likely to be a prevailing diagnostic approach in the next few years; therefore, proper attitudes towards accumulation and interpretation of genetic data are important. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

16 pages, 5451 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Implications of Recurrence Patterns and Time to Recurrence in Post-Hepatectomy Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence: An Exploratory Analysis

by Jianwei Chen, Wenhao Teng, Mingji Zhang, Xiaolong Wang, Yuemin Zhu, Liting Wen, Juyi Wu, Dechun Zheng and Zhuting Fang

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090555 - 12 Sep 2026

Viewed by 269

Abstract

Post-recurrence survival (PRS) after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies widely, yet the prognostic significance of the recurrence pattern and time to recurrence (TTR) for PRS remains incompletely defined. This single-center retrospective study included 126 patients with first HCC recurrence after curative hepatectomy [...] Read more.

Post-recurrence survival (PRS) after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies widely, yet the prognostic significance of the recurrence pattern and time to recurrence (TTR) for PRS remains incompletely defined. This single-center retrospective study included 126 patients with first HCC recurrence after curative hepatectomy (2018–2024) and aimed to explore the prognostic role of recurrence pattern, classified as low-risk (oligo-recurrence: ≤3 intrahepatic nodules, each ≤3 cm) or high-risk (multiple/large intrahepatic, tumor in vein, or extrahepatic), for PRS. In the overall cohort, the recurrence pattern independently predicted PRS (hazard ratio 2.13, p = 0.015); the preoperative Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin were also independent predictors. A sensitivity analysis, including post-recurrence treatment, attenuated the hazard ratio for high-risk pattern to 1.82 (95% CI 0.93–3.55, p = 0.079), consistent with partial mediation. Kaplan–Meier analyses suggested an association between shorter TTR and worse overall survival (OS), but this finding is descriptive because OS measured from surgery is mathematically coupled with TTR. In an exploratory subgroup analysis of patients with early-stage primary HCC (BCLC 0/A, n = 98), the recurrence pattern showed a borderline association with PRS (p = 0.053). Late detection was associated with high-risk recurrence but did not independently affect survival. These findings highlight the prognostic value of the recurrence pattern for PRS and support the consideration of TTR as a descriptive prognostic indicator, which together may inform risk-adapted follow-up and treatment strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 1795 KB

Open AccessArticle

Incremental Value of PI-RADS v2.1 for Adverse Pathology at Radical Prostatectomy: A Retrospective 1.5-T MRI Cohort

by Yunus Kayali, Onur Erdemoglu, Yigit Kudret Akyol, Melih Colak, Alpcan Torun, Fatih Bicaklioglu and Bilal Eryildirim

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090554 - 11 Sep 2026

Viewed by 244

Abstract

The incremental value of PI-RADS for predicting adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy in men diagnosed through systematic biopsy remains uncertain. We assessed whether PI-RADS improves discrimination beyond age, MRI-derived prostate-specificantigen density (PSAD), biopsy Grade Group, and quantitative biopsy tumour burden. This retrospective study [...] Read more.

The incremental value of PI-RADS for predicting adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy in men diagnosed through systematic biopsy remains uncertain. We assessed whether PI-RADS improves discrimination beyond age, MRI-derived prostate-specificantigen density (PSAD), biopsy Grade Group, and quantitative biopsy tumour burden. This retrospective study included 284 men undergoing 1.5-T mpMRI, systematic biopsy, and radical prostatectomy between January 2020 and January 2026. Adverse pathology comprised prostatectomy Grade Group ≥ 3 and/or stage ≥ pT3a. Three logistic models were compared: age/PSAD/biopsy grade/tumour burden; age/PSAD/PI-RADS; and their combination. Internal validation used 2000 bootstrap samples. Adverse pathology occurred in 143 patients (50.4%). Apparent AUCs were 0.790 (95% CI 0.737–0.843), 0.713 (0.653–0.773), and 0.799 (0.747–0.851); optimism-corrected AUCs were 0.781, 0.703, and 0.787. Adding PI-RADS ≥ 4 yielded an adjusted OR of 1.996 (95% CI 1.150–3.465) and an apparent AUC difference of 0.009 (95% CI −0.015 to 0.033; descriptive DeLong p = 0.469). The combined model had a corrected calibration slope of 0.915 and Brier score of 0.187. PI-RADS from routine 1.5-T mpMRI was independently associated with adverse pathology, but its incremental discrimination beyond clinical and systematicbiopsy variables was small and uncertain. These findings concern a surgery-selected systematicbiopsy pathway, do not estimate the overall value of MRI, and require external validation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

9 pages, 202 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Quality of Life in Ukrainian Children and Adolescents with Cancer Relocated to Switzerland During the Russian–Ukrainian War: An Exploratory Multicenter Study

by Rahel Kasteler, Ahmed Farrag, Andreas Klein-Franke, Calogero Mazzara, Francesco Ceppi, Cornelia Vetter, Nicolas von der Weid and Katrin Scheinemann

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090553 - 11 Sep 2026

Viewed by 244

Abstract

The war in Ukraine, beginning in February 2022, disrupted continuous medical care for Ukrainian childhood and adolescent cancer patients (UCC), many of whom were relocated to pediatric cancer centers worldwide, including Switzerland. In this Brief Report, we describe their health-related quality of life [...] Read more.

The war in Ukraine, beginning in February 2022, disrupted continuous medical care for Ukrainian childhood and adolescent cancer patients (UCC), many of whom were relocated to pediatric cancer centers worldwide, including Switzerland. In this Brief Report, we describe their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after arrival. In a multicenter, cross-sectional survey across five Swiss pediatric oncology centers, we included patients ≤18 years at diagnosis who arrived after 24 February 2022 and were undergoing active treatment. HRQoL was assessed by the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (self- and parent-reports). Fourteen of 23 eligible families (61%) participated. HRQoL declined with age, particularly in physical functioning, while psychosocial functioning remained relatively stable but lower among adolescents; parent scores closely matched self-reports. Scores were referenced against a published cohort of healthy Ukrainian children and previously reported pediatric cancer populations. Given the small sample and lack of a matched control group, the findings cannot separate the effects of displacement, cancer, and treatment and are hypothesis-generating. They suggest a potential role for age-tailored supportive care in displaced children with cancer and call for larger, controlled studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

10 pages, 2207 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cancer Epidemiology and Decentralization Service Program Initiation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Hospital-Based Oncology Admissions and Cancer Service Disparities

by Zukiswa Jafta, Muambangu Jean Paul Milambo and Wilson Wezile Chitha

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090552 - 11 Sep 2026

Viewed by 275

Abstract

Background: Cancer remains a growing public health challenge globally, with increasing demand for oncology services, particularly in resource-limited settings. In South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province, tertiary hospitals face rising patient loads amid constrained infrastructure and late-stage presentation. This study assessed temporal trends, gender [...] Read more.

Background: Cancer remains a growing public health challenge globally, with increasing demand for oncology services, particularly in resource-limited settings. In South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province, tertiary hospitals face rising patient loads amid constrained infrastructure and late-stage presentation. This study assessed temporal trends, gender differences, and cancer-type distribution in oncology service utilisation at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH) from April 2023 to February 2025. Methods: A retrospective quantitative observational time-series design was used. Monthly aggregated oncology service data were extracted from hospital records, including total cancer attendances, gender distribution, cancer types, and service utilisation indicators (new cases, follow-ups, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, palliative care, admissions, referrals, and mortality). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression were applied to assess temporal trends. Time (months) was the independent variable. Results: A total of 16,368 cancer-related encounters were recorded, with a mean of 706.4 cases per month. Females accounted for 11,816 cases, significantly exceeding males (4552). Breast cancer was the most prevalent malignancy (5763 cases), followed by other cancers (4316) and cervical cancer (3616). Cervical cancer demonstrated a strong and statistically significant increasing trend (r = 0.619, p = 0.002), while lung cancer also showed a significant upward trend (r = 0.549, p = 0.007). Breast cancer showed a positive but non-significant trend (p = 0.163), whereas prostate and oesophageal cancers showed no significant temporal changes. Service utilisation was dominated by follow-up visits (14,761) and palliative care (16,911), indicating a high burden of advanced disease. Overall attendance showed an increasing trend, peaking at 1039 cases in April 2024, with seasonal declines in December–January. Conclusions: Oncology service utilisation at NMAH is increasing, with marked gender disparities and rising trends in cervical and lung cancers. The high reliance on palliative and follow-up care highlights late presentation and advanced disease burden. Strengthening early detection, screening programmes, and decentralised oncology service capacity is essential to address the growing cancer burden in this setting. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1896 KB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Value of an LDH–CA125–NLR Panel for Diagnosis, Platinum Resistance, and Prognostic Assessment in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

by Shuiqing Xu, Jinzhen Guo, Ziyi Zhao, Yan Zhai, Yingying Liu and Hua Li

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090551 - 10 Sep 2026

Viewed by 281

Abstract

(1) Background/Objective: Routine blood tests may provide useful information at different stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) management. This study evaluated continuous lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values for diagnostic discrimination in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and, [...] Read more.

(1) Background/Objective: Routine blood tests may provide useful information at different stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) management. This study evaluated continuous lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values for diagnostic discrimination in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and, separately, triple-positive status in relation to platinum resistance and survival. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included 238 patients with EOC and 238 individually matched patients with benign ovarian lesions. Continuous biomarkers were entered into logistic regression models for diagnosis. Triple-positive status was defined as LDH > 195.5 U/L, CA125 > 35.37 U/mL, and NLR > 2.63. Logistic regression was used for platinum resistance and Cox regression for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Bootstrap internal validation was performed for the diagnostic models and PFS nomogram. (3) Results: The continuous LDH + CA125 + NLR model yielded an AUC of 0.873, with 75.97% sensitivity and 88.66% specificity; AUCs were 0.751 in early-stage and 0.958 in advanced-stage EOC. Adding NLR to LDH + CA125 did not significantly improve the AUC overall or within stage groups. Triple-positive status was associated with platinum resistance (adjusted OR = 3.488, 95% CI 1.504–8.087; p = 0.004), shorter PFS (adjusted HR = 3.109, 95% CI 1.772–5.456; p < 0.001), and shorter OS in advanced-stage EOC (adjusted HR = 3.538, 95% CI 1.385–9.038; p = 0.008). The PFS nomogram had a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.7521. (4) Conclusions: The continuous three-marker model showed diagnostic discrimination in this selected surgical cohort, while triple-positive status was associated with platinum resistance and adverse survival outcomes. External validation is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

38 pages, 1745 KB

Open AccessReview

Beyond Chronological Age: A Scoping Review of Neurosurgical Intervention for Central Nervous System Tumors in the Very Elderly

by Jacob Gould, Sarah Segal, Garin G. Griffith, Saud K. Zaidan, Saarang Patel, Arjit Singh, Hazem S. Ghaith and Julian Gendreau

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090550 - 10 Sep 2026

Viewed by 290

Abstract

Adults aged 75 years or older are increasingly considered for neurosurgical treatment of primary central nervous system tumors, yet the evidence guiding treatment selection remains fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception [...] Read more.

Adults aged 75 years or older are increasingly considered for neurosurgical treatment of primary central nervous system tumors, yet the evidence guiding treatment selection remains fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception through July 2026. Original clinical reports were eligible when they included separately extractable data for adults aged 75 years or older undergoing or being evaluated for tumor-directed neurosurgical intervention for primary intracranial, skull-base, cranial-nerve, spinal cord, meningeal, or primary vertebral tumors. Data were charted using a standardized framework and synthesized descriptively by tumor type, treatment intent, patient-selection factors, and reported outcomes. Eighty reports were included, of which 37 addressed glioma or glioblastoma and 25 addressed intracranial meningioma; 75 were retrospective. In glioma, greater resection was frequently associated with longer survival, although findings for subtotal resection were inconsistent and postoperative treatment completion was an important prognostic factor. In meningioma, functional preservation and independence were prominent considerations, while sellar, spinal, and vestibular schwannoma studies emphasized vision, neurologic function, and cranial-nerve outcomes. Quality of life, cognition, caregiver burden, and time at home were rarely reported. Surgical benefit in very elderly patients is tumor-specific, and future studies should prioritize prospective, patient-centered outcomes rather than relying primarily on survival or chronological age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-Oncology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 162 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors

by Craig Erker and Sébastien Perreault

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090549 - 10 Sep 2026

Viewed by 292

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most common solid tumors of childhood and remain the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among pediatric patients [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors)

10 pages, 224 KB

Open AccessReview

Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC) Consensus-Based Review for the Use of Supportive Care and Topical Therapies for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

by Kylie Lepic, Joseph Aziz, Gizelle Popradi, Christopher Lemieux, Jennifer White, Stephanie Maier, Mohamed Elemary, Kirk Schultz, Kristjan Paulson, Ram Vasudevan Nampoothiri, David Allan and Dennis Dong Hwan Kim

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090548 - 10 Sep 2026

Viewed by 347

Abstract

This is a consensus-based Canadian review with the primary purpose of expanding knowledge regarding supportive and topical therapies for chronic graft vs. host disease (cGvHD). There is often a lack of confidence in treating certain organ specific manifestations, and access to specialists with [...] Read more.

This is a consensus-based Canadian review with the primary purpose of expanding knowledge regarding supportive and topical therapies for chronic graft vs. host disease (cGvHD). There is often a lack of confidence in treating certain organ specific manifestations, and access to specialists with organ specific expertise varies across the country. This paper covers information gained from a literature review and Canadian transplanter expertise and will serve as a guide for hematopoietic cell transplant healthcare providers to topical cGvHD therapies accessible in Canada. We will review common symptoms and signs focused specifically on skin, mouth, eye and genital tract cGvHD and on lifestyle modifications and topical treatments as an adjunct to our recent publication on systemic treatment for cGvHD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)

15 pages, 439 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nutrition Care Practices in Colorectal Cancer: A National Survey of Patients, Caregivers, and Healthcare Professionals in Canada

by Iris M. Karry, Sally S. Chung, Barry D. Stein, Olga Graifer, Katherine L. Ford, R. Thomas Jagoe, Marianne Fillion, Karmen More, Natasha Bassett-Saltarelli, Joseph Chon, Natalie Leon, Timothy R. Asmis and Martin Chasen

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090547 - 10 Sep 2026

Viewed by 868

Abstract

Nutrition is an essential component of colorectal cancer (CRC) care, influencing treatment tolerance, functional status, and quality of life, yet it remains inconsistently integrated into practice. This study examined experiences with nutrition management and gaps in nutrition care among patients with CRC, caregivers, [...] Read more.

Nutrition is an essential component of colorectal cancer (CRC) care, influencing treatment tolerance, functional status, and quality of life, yet it remains inconsistently integrated into practice. This study examined experiences with nutrition management and gaps in nutrition care among patients with CRC, caregivers, and healthcare professionals across Canada through a multi-center, cross-sectional survey conducted from July 2025 to February 2026. A total of 243 participants completed the survey, including 121 patients, 45 caregivers, and 77 healthcare professionals. Among patients, 51.2% reported that nutritional status was discussed or assessed during treatment, while 24.0% reported it was never discussed. More than half of patients (55.4%) said they did not receive adequate information regarding weight loss during treatment. Caregivers described substantial nutrition impact symptoms and identified a need for clearer guidance, emotional support, and improved access to dietitians. Healthcare professionals rated nutrition care as highly important yet reported barriers to effective delivery, including limited staffing, lack of standardized screening, and reactive care processes. Across groups, respondents emphasized the importance of timely, personalized, and culturally relevant nutrition care. Overall, nutrition remains insufficiently embedded in CRC care, highlighting the need for routine screening, standardized referral pathways, earlier intervention, and integrated patient-centered nutrition care models to improve CRC care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 12757 KB

Open AccessArticle

Joint Trajectories of Death Anxiety and Experiential Avoidance After Cancer Diagnosis: A Longitudinal Study

by Yiguo Deng, Furong Chen, Siyu Li, Qihan Zhang, Jiaying Li and Zengjie Ye

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090546 - 9 Sep 2026

Viewed by 272

Abstract

Background: Despite the observed association between death anxiety and experiential avoidance, their joint short-term trajectories in patients with newly diagnosed cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to identify joint trajectories of death anxiety and experiential avoidance during early cancer care. Methods: This secondary [...] Read more.

Background: Despite the observed association between death anxiety and experiential avoidance, their joint short-term trajectories in patients with newly diagnosed cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to identify joint trajectories of death anxiety and experiential avoidance during early cancer care. Methods: This secondary longitudinal analysis included 266 adults with newly diagnosed cancer recruited at Hunan Cancer Hospital, China, between April and September 2022. Death anxiety and experiential avoidance were assessed using the 15-item Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the seven-item Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), respectively, at hospital admission, discharge, and one month after discharge. This interval represented the acute adaptation phase after diagnosis and treatment initiation. Outcome-specific trajectory models informed a fully crossed dual-trajectory model. Results: Participants (mean age, 48.33 ± 11.18 years; 53.8% male) followed three jointly re-estimated declining DAS trajectories (low, 37.3%; moderate, 26.5%; high, 36.3%) and two declining AAQ-II trajectories (low, 70.6%; high, 29.4%). In the dual-trajectory model (entropy = 0.849), the probability of high-AAQ-II increased across low, moderate, and high-DAS trajectories (8.5%, 18.7%, and 58.6%), and 72.3% of the high-AAQ-II trajectory followed the high-DAS trajectory. A high-DAS/low-AAQ-II combination accounted for 15.0%, indicating incomplete correspondence. Conclusions: During early care after cancer diagnosis, high-AAQ-II membership was concentrated in higher DAS trajectories, whereas high-DAS could also accompany low-AAQ-II. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Psychosocial Impact of Cancers and Supportive Care Interventions)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 803 KB

Open AccessArticle

Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome and Pulmonary Toxicity After Total Body Irradiation for Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Modern Transplant Era

by Ruijia Jin, Justin Oh, Iman Baharmand, Matthew Chan, Jessica Chan, Andrea C. Lo, Cassidy Northway, Conrad Yuen, I. A. Popescu, T. P. L. Nghiem, Yasser Abou Mourad and Cheryl Duzenli

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090545 - 9 Sep 2026

Viewed by 270

Abstract

Total body irradiation (TBI) is commonly used for myeloablative conditioning prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in high-risk, relapsed, or refractory hematologic malignancies. Pulmonary toxicity (PT)—including pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and interstitial pneumonitis—is a serious complication after HSCT. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome [...] Read more.

Total body irradiation (TBI) is commonly used for myeloablative conditioning prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in high-risk, relapsed, or refractory hematologic malignancies. Pulmonary toxicity (PT)—including pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and interstitial pneumonitis—is a serious complication after HSCT. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), defined as widespread alveolar injury without cardiogenic or infectious causes, represents a non-infectious form of PT. This study characterizes PT and IPS and explores associated factors following TBI-based HSCT in adults. We conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of adult patients treated with TBI-based HSCT from 2015 to 2022. Clinical records and chest imaging were reviewed to identify PT and IPS. IPS occurred in 20 patients (18%) of the cohort, with 8 patients (7%) within 100 days and 13 patients (13%) after 100 days. One patient experienced both early- and late-onset IPS and was counted once in the cumulative analysis. Early pulmonary infection was associated with reduced overall survival in both univariable (p = 0.002) and multivariable 100-day landmark analyses (p = 0.047). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was independently associated with improved survival (p = 0.017), whereas chronic GVHD was not statistically significant in the landmark analyses. PT and IPS incidences were consistent with previously published adult TBI cohorts. While no significant clinical or radiation-related predictors of IPS were identified, pulmonary infection emerged as a predictor of inferior overall survival. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Does the Conditioning Regimen Intensity Still Matter?)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 31178 KB

Open AccessCase Report

High-Grade Chondrosarcoma Involving the Xiphoid Process and Lower Sternum—The Continuing Role of Extended Open Chest Wall Surgery in the Era of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery: A Case Report

by Thomas Rallis, Maria Mironidou-Tzouveleki, Vasileios Theocharidis, Apostolos Gogakos, Dimitrios Paliouras, Achilleas Lazopoulos, Nikolaos Christoglou, Panagiotis Panousis, Michael Katsamakas, Paraskevas Vrochidis, Meropi Koutourini, Myrto Tzinevi, Pipitsa Valsamaki, Alexandra Mpakosi and Nikolaos Barmpetakis

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090544 - 9 Sep 2026

Viewed by 266

Abstract

Primary chondrosarcoma of the sternum is a rare malignancy whose anatomical location can create major diagnostic, resection, and reconstruction challenges. We report a 62-year-old man with severe obesity and a heavy smoking history who presented with a progressively enlarging, painful sternal swelling. Preoperative [...] Read more.

Primary chondrosarcoma of the sternum is a rare malignancy whose anatomical location can create major diagnostic, resection, and reconstruction challenges. We report a 62-year-old man with severe obesity and a heavy smoking history who presented with a progressively enlarging, painful sternal swelling. Preoperative imaging conducted via computed tomography and positron emission tomography–computed tomography demonstrated a large heterogeneous mass at the anterior thoracoabdominal junction infiltrating the xiphoid process. CT-guided biopsy established grade III chondrosarcoma. Because of the tumor’s size, location, and infiltrative features, bilateral transverse thoraco-sternotomy (“Clamshell” Procedure) was performed. “En bloc” resection included the middle and lower sternum, involved soft tissues and adjacent costal arches, followed by prosthetic synthetic polypropylene mesh reconstruction. The final pathology documented tumor-free examined margins (R₀), with an approximately 10 mm closest reported clearance. The postoperative course was prolonged and complex. The patient required 18 days of intensive care and tracheostomy on postoperative day 8 because of delayed awakening and intermittent oxygen desaturation. Wound dehiscence necessitated surgical revisions on postoperative days 29 and 44; during the second revision, the infected mesh was removed. The tracheostomy was removed on day 64, and the patient was discharged in a stable condition two days later. This case demonstrates that extensive open approaches remain indispensable for selected chest wall malignancies. It also emphasizes the importance of coordinated multidisciplinary perioperative care from diagnosis through recovery, while illustrating how reconstructive resources, patient risk, and infection can determine the procedure’s outcome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 275 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Availability to Access: A Mixed-Methods Study of Digital Prostate Cancer Survivorship Support for Black Men

by Olamide Okedara, Gabriela Ilie, Maren Brodovsky, Ross J. Mason, Ricardo Rendon, Andrea Kokorovic, Greg Bailly, Howard Evans, Kunal Jana, Jasmir G. Nayak, Ernest Chan, Stanley Flax, Nikhilesh Patil, David Bowes, Duvern Ramiah, Shingai Mutambirwa, Andrew Oberholzer, Lola Riley, Jordan Cole, William Carruthers, Sarah Taylar and Robert David Harold Rutledge Show full author list Hide full author list

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090543 - 9 Sep 2026

Viewed by 290

Abstract

Introduction: Black men experience persistent disparities across the prostate cancer continuum, including inequities in access to survivorship support. This study examined the perceived value, acceptability, and experiences of accessing a multicomponent digital survivorship program among Black men with prostate cancer. Methods: This exploratory [...] Read more.

Introduction: Black men experience persistent disparities across the prostate cancer continuum, including inequities in access to survivorship support. This study examined the perceived value, acceptability, and experiences of accessing a multicomponent digital survivorship program among Black men with prostate cancer. Methods: This exploratory mixed-methods study was embedded within the ongoing international Phase 4 implementation trial of the Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP), a six-month digital intervention integrating exercise, pelvic floor muscle training, nutrition, stress management, psychosocial support, and peer connection. Fourteen self-identified Black participants contributed six-month program evaluation and qualitative data collected through open-ended responses and conference-based focus group discussions. Nine participants (64%) had undergone surgery with or without radiation and/or hormone therapy, four (29%) had received radiation with or without hormone therapy, and one (7%) was on active surveillance or had received no treatment. Quantitative data were summarized descriptively, and qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: PC-PEP was highly valued, with median ratings of 10 (IQR 8–10) for likelihood of recommending the program and 9 (IQR 8–10) for overall usefulness. Among participants with available item-level data, 11/13 (85%) reported lifestyle improvement and 12/13 (92%) endorsed offering PC-PEP as standard care. Qualitative findings identified the value of holistic survivorship support, peer connection, normalization of vulnerability, and support for physical and psychological self-management. Participants also described limited awareness of PC-PEP at diagnosis and reliance on individual clinicians or incidental opportunities to learn about the program. Participants emphasized the need for earlier referral, greater representation, and culturally relevant community outreach. Conclusions: Black men who accessed PC-PEP reported high perceived value and identified benefits across multiple dimensions of survivorship. Their experiences, however, highlighted an important distinction between program availability and meaningful access: participants’ experiences suggest that availability alone may not ensure timely connection to survivorship support. Earlier referral, culturally responsive outreach, and integration of survivorship support into routine prostate cancer care may help close this gap. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 2049 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Toxicity, Dose Intensity, and Clinical Outcomes with First-Line Enfortumab Vedotin Plus Pembrolizumab in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Real-World Study

by Samad Sayed, Rishikesh Kumar, Martin Zarba, Md Mahsin, Amina Taleb, Lateefah Alshammari, Simon Mairs, Naveen Basappa, Michael Kolinsky, Meghan Mahoney, Vishal Navani, Tina Cheng, Safiya Karim, Richard Lee-Ying, Steven Yip, Daniel Y. C. Heng, Scott North and Nimira Alimohamed

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(9), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33090542 - 9 Sep 2026

Viewed by 1055

Abstract

Background: Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EVP) is the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC); however, real-world toxicity patterns, timing of onset, and prognostic significance of treatment-related adverse events (AEs) remain incompletely characterized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter [...] Read more.

Background: Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EVP) is the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC); however, real-world toxicity patterns, timing of onset, and prognostic significance of treatment-related adverse events (AEs) remain incompletely characterized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter analysis of 60 la/mUC patients treated with first-line EVP in Alberta, Canada (September 2024–January 2026). Treatment related toxicities, time to AE onset, dose modifications, and treatment discontinuation were assessed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results: The median age was 69 years, 82% of patients were male, and 80% had metastatic disease at treatment initiation. Histology was pure urothelial in 82% and mixed in 18%. Median follow-up was 10.3 months, and the median number of EV and pembrolizumab cycles was seven and eight, respectively. Rash (63%), fatigue (57%), and peripheral neuropathy (47%) were the most common adverse events, with median onset at 17, 29, and 90 days, respectively. Dose reductions occurred in 62%, dose delays in 43%, and treatment discontinuation in 38%. An initial enfortumab vedotin dose of 1.25 mg/kg was associated with improved PFS (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13–0.68; p = 0.004) and OS (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10–0.97; p = 0.044) compared with 1.0 mg/kg. Neuropathy was associated with improved PFS (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.73; p = 0.007) and OS (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.87; p = 0.029), while rash was associated with improved OS (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.91; p = 0.032). Conclusions: EVP was associated with frequent treatment-related adverse events requiring dose modifications, and the development of rash and peripheral neuropathy was associated with favorable survival outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Curr. Oncol., Volume 33, Issue 9 (September 2026) – 76 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI