Geometric differences between the images seen by each eye enable the perception of depth. Additionally, depth is produced in the absence of geometric disparities with binocular disparities in either the average luminance or contrast, which is known a...
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is among the most urgent social development tasks due to the scale of energy consumption in this industry. At the same time, it is essential to meet high requirements for indoor environmental quality and t...
The construction industry has made considerable energy-saving efforts in buildings, and studies of energy-savings are ongoing. Shading is used to control the solar radiation transferred through windows. Many studies have examined the position and typ...
In its simplest terms, a closed-cavity façade (CCF) is a sealed, unventilated enclosure equipped with motorized shading devices, internal double or triple glazing, and external single glazing. This technology effectively controls solar energy...
Accounting for more than half of buildings in South Korea, the energy consumed by residential buildings has become a main concern and the cooing demand has rapidly increased. To reduce energy consumption, several passive and active design strategies...
Glazing surfaces strongly affect the building energy balance considering heat losses, solar gains and daylighting. Appropriate operation of the screens is required to control the transmitted solar radiation, preventing internal overheating while assu...
Annual energy consumption has surged due to suboptimal energy efficiency, resulting in an electricity supply shortage in Sulaimani, an Iraqi city in a temperate climate zone. This mixed-methods study aims to optimise energy efficiency in Sulaimani&rs...