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Water–Energy–Food Nexus: Tools and Strategies for Resilient Growth

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water-Energy Nexus".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1676

Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Development, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Interests: issues of prosperity; water–energy–food (WEF) nexus; natural hazards; civil engineering; the intersection of art and aesthetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Development, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Interests: hydrology; stochastic hydrology; floods; water resources engineering; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The foundation of the hierarchy of human needs rests on the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus, as all three components are indispensable for human survival and well-being. Throughout history, technological progress has continuously strengthened the interconnections among water, energy, and food systems, enabling societies to enhance productivity, stability, and prosperity. This increasing interdependence has been further supported by trade, which historically allowed the balancing of resource availability across regions. However, contemporary geopolitical disruptions, climatic variability, and economic uncertainties have profoundly reshaped global resource flows, highlighting self-sufficiency and resilience of the WEF nexus as critical prerequisites for societal survival.

Within this evolving context, a paradigm shift toward localized resource management is essential. Water and wastewater reuse, decentralized and renewable energy production, and local food systems (potentially supported by nutrient recovery from wastewater sources) are increasingly recognized as key strategies to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability to external shocks. Integrated approaches that optimize synergies within the WEF nexus at the local and regional scale can significantly contribute to sustainability, climate adaptation, and long-term resource security.

This Special Issue aims to bring together high-quality research that advances scientific understanding, technological innovation, and policy frameworks, supporting self-sufficiency and resilience within the water–energy–food nexus. Contributions addressing modeling, case studies, nature-based solutions, circular economy practices, historical examples and governance perspectives are particularly welcome.

Dr. G.-Fivos Sargentis
Dr. Theano Iliopoulou
Dr. Levon Gevorkov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water–energy–food nexus
  • resource resilience
  • self-sufficiency
  • water reuse
  • wastewater reuse
  • renewable energy
  • circular economy
  • local food systems
  • resource recovery
  • historical examples of water-energy and food management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

47 pages, 44941 KB  
Article
Revisiting Resilience in the Water–Energy–Food Nexus: A Spatial, Non-Compensatory Self-Sufficiency Framework
by G.-Fivos Sargentis, Levon Gevorkov and Theano Iliopoulou
Water 2026, 18(13), 1539; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18131539 - 23 Jun 2026
Viewed by 1105
Abstract
We propose a quantitative, spatially explicit framework for assessing local self-sufficiency and resilience within the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) Nexus. The methodology introduces normalized, per capita indicators that quantify the degree of dependence on local versus external resources, explicitly incorporating physical availability, renewability, energy requirements, [...] Read more.
We propose a quantitative, spatially explicit framework for assessing local self-sufficiency and resilience within the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) Nexus. The methodology introduces normalized, per capita indicators that quantify the degree of dependence on local versus external resources, explicitly incorporating physical availability, renewability, energy requirements, infrastructure, and land-use constraints. In contrast to conventional composite indices, the proposed framework adopts a non-compensatory structure, whereby deficiencies in one sector cannot be offset by surpluses in another, reflecting the physical constraints of the nexus. Indicator values range from 0 (complete dependence on external resources) to 1 (full local self-sufficiency) and are formulated dynamically, enabling comparison across existing conditions and alternative infrastructural or policy scenarios. The framework is applied as a proof of concept to a small rural settlement in North Euboea, Greece. The results indicate substantial potential for food and renewable energy self-sufficiency under optimized infrastructure configurations, while also revealing critical vulnerabilities associated with groundwater-dependent water supply and seasonal energy imbalances. The analysis further demonstrates how spatial proximity, energy–water coupling, and land-use competition jointly constrain achievable self-sufficiency levels, highlighting trade-offs that are often overlooked in sectoral or purely volumetric assessments. By explicitly linking resource flows with spatial proximity and infrastructural choices, the proposed indicators provide a robust and transparent tool for resilience-oriented planning under conditions of climatic, environmental, and systemic uncertainty. Full article
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