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8.9
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Vaccines
Special Issues
Innate Immunity to Virus Infection
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Innate Immunity to Virus Infection

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathogens-host Immune Interface".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 9084

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gisa Gerold

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Interests: virology; cell biology; protein interactions; innate immunity
Prof. Dr. Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Interests: innate immunity; neutrophils; infection biochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Virus infection elicits various potent responses in host cells and in particular in innate immune cells such as natural killer cells and phagocytic cells including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. This innate response can limit virus spread before intervention by the adaptive immune system. A key element in this process is the activation of pattern recognition receptors and the subsequent virus-elicited production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines. Finally, the activation of innate immune cells is critical to invoke adaptive immune responses. However, also detrimental consequences of hyperinflammatory innate immune responses may affect the disease progression.

The aim of this special issue is to provide a forum for the dissemination of new information on innate immune responses and their role in viral infections in vertebrates including humans. The issue includes articles investigating the biologically active viral components, the role of the mucosa as first barrier to virus infection, relevant cells, their receptors, signalling pathways, and induced mediators including cytokines and chemokines. With this collection we strive to highlight important concepts in innate immunity to viruses as well as novel developments in the field.

Dr. Gisa Gerold
Prof. Dr. Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Virus infection
  • innate immunity
  • mucosa
  • phagocytes
  • natural killer cells
  • pattern recognition receptors
  • signaling pathways
  • cytokines
  • chemokines

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 976 KiB  
Article
Impact of Inflammatory Immune Dysfunction in Psoriasis Patients at Risk for COVID-19
by Tatiana Mina Yendo, Maria Notomi Sato, Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco, Anna Julia Pietrobon, Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira, Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos, Ricardo Wesley Alberca, Cesar Giudice Valêncio, Vivian Nunes Arruda, Ricardo Romiti, Marcelo Arnone, André Luis da Silva Hirayama, Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte, Valeria Aoki and Raquel Leao Orfali
Vaccines 2021, 9(5), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050478 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3654
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis usually associated with comorbidities. Treatment varies from topicals to systemic drugs and data on susceptibility to viral infections in psoriatic patients are scarce. The objectives of this study were to analyze psoriatic patients on different therapies who were [...] Read more.
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis usually associated with comorbidities. Treatment varies from topicals to systemic drugs and data on susceptibility to viral infections in psoriatic patients are scarce. The objectives of this study were to analyze psoriatic patients on different therapies who were at risk for COVID-19 for seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2, pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, comorbidities and outcomes in order to unveil the immunological mechanisms involved in the anti-viral response in patients with psoriasis. Seventy-five patients with psoriasis were divided according to treatment: immunobiologics, methotrexate, topicals and acitretin. Twenty healthy controls were included. Plasma samples were collected for: IgG SARS-COV-2 (ELISA); IL-27, IL-29 and IL-18 (ELISA); and IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6 and TNF (cytometric array). Seropositivity for SARS-COV-2 was detected in 24 out of 75 psoriasis patients and did not relate to COVID-19 symptoms and/or hospitalization, despite associated comorbidities. Psoriasis patients who were asymptomatic for SARS-COV-2 exhibited immune imbalance with high levels of IL-18, IL-17A and IL-6, and low levels of IL-27 compared to healthy controls. Psoriasis groups showed significant increased cytokine levels only in the group with immunobiologics. Despite immune deviations and lower IL-27, which has a potential antiviral impact, psoriatic patients did not exhibit complications related to COVID-19. An understanding of this kind of proinflammatory profile of psoriatic patients and of the lack of severe outcomes for COVID-19 is essential to establish novel therapeutic approaches and preventive measures, including with regard to the concomitance of viral infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate Immunity to Virus Infection)
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Review

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17 pages, 844 KiB  
Review
The Many Faces of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Nicholas Hanan, Ronnie L. Doud, Jr., In-Woo Park, Harlan P. Jones and Stephen O. Mathew
Vaccines 2021, 9(6), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060596 - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4542
Abstract
The innate immune system is important for initial antiviral response. SARS-CoV-2 can result in overactivity or suppression of the innate immune system. A dysregulated immune response is associated with poor outcomes; with patients having significant Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratios (NLR) due to neutrophilia alongside lymphopenia. [...] Read more.
The innate immune system is important for initial antiviral response. SARS-CoV-2 can result in overactivity or suppression of the innate immune system. A dysregulated immune response is associated with poor outcomes; with patients having significant Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratios (NLR) due to neutrophilia alongside lymphopenia. Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 leads to overactivity and is a prominent feature of severe COVID-19 patients. IL-6 can result in lymphopenia; where COVID-19 patients typically have significantly altered lymphocyte subsets. IL-8 attracts neutrophils; which may play a significant role in lung tissue damage with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps leading to cytokine storm or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several factors like pre-existing co-morbidities, genetic risks, viral pathogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy act as important modifiers of SARS-CoV-2 risks for disease through an interplay with innate host inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of the innate immune system at play with other important modifiers in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate Immunity to Virus Infection)
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