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Recent Scientific Development of HIV Vaccine and HIV Prevention Strategies

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A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "HIV Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 1966

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jaykaran Charan

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Interests: respiratory; HIV; HIV vaccines; tuberculosis

Dr. Nagesh Kolishetti

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Guest Editor

Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Interests: immunology; nano-medicine; HIV/AIDS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past few years have witnessed many promising advances in HIV prevention strategies involving preexposure prophylaxis approaches. Despite the tremendous efforts to develop a successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine, the quest for a safe and effective HIV vaccine seems to be remarkably long. An effective vaccine is needed to stop the continuing spread of HIV worldwide. A number of unique characteristics of the biology of HIV infections make the creation of an HIV vaccine particularly challenging. Together with other HIV prevention approaches, preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines will be invaluable tools in bringing the epidemic to an end.

This Special Issue is open to any subject area related to “HIV Vaccine and HIV Prevention Strategies”. We invite research employing quantitative and qualitative methods as well as contributions featuring under-researched populations.

Dr. Jaykaran Charan
Dr. Nagesh Kolishetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

HIV
HIV vaccine
HIV prevention

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

19 pages, 3049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subclinical Atherosclerosis Is Associated with Discrepancies in BAFF and APRIL Levels and Altered Breg Potential of Precursor-like Marginal Zone B-Cells in Long-Term HIV Treated Individuals

by Matheus Aranguren, Kim Doyon-Laliberté, Mohamed El-Far, Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre, Jean-Pierre Routy, Jean-Guy Barril, Benoît Trottier, Cécile Tremblay, Madeleine Durand, Johanne Poudrier and Michel Roger

Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010081 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1610

Abstract

Chronic inflammation persists in people living with HIV (PLHIV) despite antiretrovial therapy (ART) and is involved in their premature development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. We have previously reported that an excess of “B-cell activating factor” (BAFF), an important molecule for the selection and activation of first-line Marginal Zone (MZ) B-cell populations, is associated with deregulations of precursor-like MZ (MZp), whose potent B-cell regulatory (Breg) capacities are altered in PLHIV, early on and despite 1–2 years of ART. Based on these observations, and growing evidence that MZ populations are involved in atherosclerosis control, we designed a cross sectional study to explore the associations between BAFF and its analogue “A proliferation-inducing ligand” (APRIL) with subclinical CVD in long-time-treated individuals of the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) imaging sub-study group. We also characterized the Breg profile of MZp from the blood of these individuals. Results were correlated with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques (TPV) and with CVD risk factors and biomarkers. TPV was measured using cardiac computerised tomography angiography, and presence of CVD was defined as TPV > 0. We report that blood levels of BAFF are elevated and correlate positively with CVD and its risk factors in PLHIV from the CHACS, in contrast to APRIL levels, which correlate negatively with these factors. The expression levels of Breg markers such as NR4A3, CD39, CD73 and CD83 are significantly lower in PLHIV when compared to those of HIV-uninfected controls. In vitro experiments show that APRIL upregulates the expression of Breg markers by blood MZp from HIV-uninfected individuals, while this modulation is dampened by the addition of recombinant BAFF. Altogether, our observations suggest that strategies viewed to modulate levels of BAFF and/or APRIL could eventually represent a potential treatment target for CVD in PLHIV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Scientific Development of HIV Vaccine and HIV Prevention Strategies)

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