Updates on Veterinary Vaccines and Vaccinology

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 3228

Special Issue Editors

Nebraska Center for Virology and Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
Interests: PRRSV; influenza; ASFV; vaccine development; viral pathogenesis
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Guest Editor
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830905, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
Interests: vaccine formulation; immunogenicity; efficacy; effectiveness; adjuvants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination is the most cost-effective method for controlling infectious diseases in livestock. Mass vaccination campaigns have successfully led to the eradication of several significant diseases across various regions worldwide. The advancements in molecular biology and biotechnology have played a pivotal role in the development of modern vaccines with enhanced safety and efficacy.

This Special Issue aims to publish articles that highlight the recent advancements in the field of veterinary vaccines and vaccinology. It specifically focuses on the application of vaccines to eradicate specific veterinary pathogens within a country or region. Furthermore, the issue addresses the rational design of the next generation of vaccines, the identification of immune correlates associated with vaccine-induced protection, and the examination of the impact of vaccines on pathogen evolution.

Dr. Hiep Vu
Prof. Dr. David Scott McVey
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • vaccines
  • immune responses
  • vaccine effectiveness
  • vaccine efficacy
  • vaccine development

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2059 KiB  
Article
A New Licensed Quadrivalent Antileptospiral Canine Vaccine Prevents Mortality, Clinical Signs, Infection, Bacterial Excretion, Renal Carriage and Renal Lesions Caused by Leptospira Australis Experimental Challenge
by Jérôme Bouvet, Carine Segouffin Cariou, Frantz Oberli, Anne-Laure Guiot and Lionel Cupillard
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101104 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 526
Abstract
Background: L. Australis is one of the most prevalent Leptospira strains infecting dogs, leading, in natural conditions, to severe life-threatening cases. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the onset and duration of immunity (OOI and DOI) induced by a new licensed quadrivalent antileptospiral [...] Read more.
Background: L. Australis is one of the most prevalent Leptospira strains infecting dogs, leading, in natural conditions, to severe life-threatening cases. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the onset and duration of immunity (OOI and DOI) induced by a new licensed quadrivalent antileptospiral vaccine (EURICAN® L4) including four Leptospira components (Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa and Australis) against L. Australis. To this end, a severe L. Australis challenge model was developed, using a canine strain recently isolated from the field. Material and Methods: Seven- to ten-week-old puppies received two doses of the vaccine four weeks apart and were challenged with an L. Australis isolate two weeks (OOI) and 12 months (DOI) later. Mortality, clinical signs, leptospiremia, leptospiruria, renal carriage, and renal lesions were assessed after challenge. Results: The challenge induced multiple severe clinical signs in controls, leading to the death or euthanasia of 83% of puppies and 57% of adults. In controls, leptospiremia was detected in all dogs, leptospiruria in 67% of puppies and 86% of adults, kidneys tested positive for Leptospira in 83% of puppies and 71% of adults, and kidney lesions were observed in 100% of puppies and 86% of adults. In addition, thrombocytopenia associated with increased concentrations of urea, creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase was recorded in controls displaying severe clinical signs. In both OOI and DOI studies, none of the vaccinates had clinical signs, no Leptospira was detected in blood, urine, and kidney samples, and no kidney lesions were observed in vaccinates. No significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in vaccinates were recorded. Conclusion: EURICAN® L4 was shown to induce quick and long-lasting protection against a severe L. Australis infectious challenge, preventing mortality, clinical signs, infection, bacterial excretion, renal lesions, and renal carriage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Veterinary Vaccines and Vaccinology)
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15 pages, 2937 KiB  
Article
A Single-Dose Intramuscular Immunization of Pigs with Lipid Nanoparticle DNA Vaccines Based on the Hemagglutinin Antigen Confers Complete Protection against Challenge Infection with the Homologous Influenza Virus Strain
by The N. Nguyen, Sushmita Kumari, Sarah Sillman, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Danh C. Lai and Hiep L. X. Vu
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101596 - 15 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1962
Abstract
The Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is highly prevalent and causes significant economic losses to swine producers. Due to the highly variable and rapidly evolving nature of the virus, it is critical to develop a safe and versatile vaccine platform that allows [...] Read more.
The Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is highly prevalent and causes significant economic losses to swine producers. Due to the highly variable and rapidly evolving nature of the virus, it is critical to develop a safe and versatile vaccine platform that allows for frequent updates of the vaccine immunogens to cope with the emergence of new viral strains. The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as nanocarriers for delivering DNA plasmid encoding the viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene in pigs. The intramuscular administration of a single dose of the LNP-DNA vaccines resulted in robust systemic and mucosal responses in pigs. Importantly, the vaccinated pigs were fully protected against challenge infection with the homologous IAV-S strain, with only 1 out of 12 vaccinated pigs shedding a low amount of viral genomic RNA in its nasal cavity. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of the vaccinated pigs at necropsy. Thus, the LNP-DNA vaccines are highly effective in protecting pigs against the homologous IAV-S strain and can serve as a promising platform for the rapid development of IAV-S vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Veterinary Vaccines and Vaccinology)
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