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Vaccines
Special Issues
Emerging Influenza Viruses and Anti-influenza Vaccines
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Emerging Influenza Viruses and Anti-influenza Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Influenza Virus Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 11748

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pavel Volchkov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036 Moscow, Russia
Interests: gene therapies; genome editing; biomedical sciences; immunology; stem cells; bioinformatics; viral vectors; AAV; influenza; COVID-19
Dr. Irina Isakova-Sivak

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, St Petersburg, Russia
Interests: influenza viruses; viral Immunology; reverse genetics; influenza vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; respiratory viruses; viral pathogenesis; antivirals; viral-vector vaccines against respiratory pathogens; T-cell responses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Avian influenza is a highly contagious viral disease that affects various livestock, domestic, and wild animals. Outbreaks of avian influenza occur regularly on poultry farms around the world. The only way to contain the epidemic is to slaughter the entire poultry population that has come into contact with infected animals, resulting in severe economic losses. On the other hand, the greatest danger is that animal influenza viruses will be transmitted to humans. In this case, the appearance of a disease with unpredictable symptoms is possible.

It should be noted that the recent pandemic caused by another disease of zoonotic origin that started to spread from human to human—COVID-19—has clearly shown the need to find new ways to develop effective vaccines. As a result, new approaches to vaccine production have been actively developed. At the same time, it is generally accepted that influenza viruses pose a pandemic threat, which requires the development of effective ways to prevent infection.

This Special Issue will bring together original research papers or reviews dealing with research into emerging influenza viruses and new approaches to influenza prevention.

Dr. Pavel Volchkov
Dr. Irina Isakova-Sivak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • avian influenza
  • zoonotic
  • influenza vaccines
  • influenza epidemiology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1537 KiB  
Article
Immunogenic and Protective Properties of Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H5N8) Virus
by Nadezhda B. Rudometova, Anastasia A. Fando, Lyubov A. Kisakova, Denis N. Kisakov, Mariya B. Borgoyakova, Victoria R. Litvinova, Vladimir A. Yakovlev, Elena V. Tigeeva, Danil I. Vahitov, Sergey V. Sharabrin, Dmitriy N. Shcherbakov, Veronika I. Evseenko, Ksenia I. Ivanova, Andrei S. Gudymo, Tatiana N. Ilyicheva, Vasiliy Yu. Marchenko, Alexander A. Ilyichev, Andrey P. Rudometov and Larisa I. Karpenko
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020143 - 29 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
In this study, we characterized recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H5N8) virus produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1s). Immunochemical analysis showed that the recombinant hemagglutinin was recognized by the serum of ferrets infected with influenza A (H5N8) virus, indicating that its [...] Read more.
In this study, we characterized recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H5N8) virus produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1s). Immunochemical analysis showed that the recombinant hemagglutinin was recognized by the serum of ferrets infected with influenza A (H5N8) virus, indicating that its antigenic properties were retained. Two groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with intramuscular injection of recombinant hemagglutinin or propiolactone inactivated A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus. The results demonstrated that both immunogens induced a specific antibody response as determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization assay revealed that sera of immunized animals were able to neutralize A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus—the average neutralizing titer was 2560. Immunization with both recombinant HA/H5 hemagglutinin and inactivated virus gave 100% protection against lethal H5N8 virus challenge. This study shows that recombinant HA (H5N8) protein may be a useful antigen candidate for developing subunit vaccines against influenza A (H5N8) virus with suitable immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Influenza Viruses and Anti-influenza Vaccines)
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Review

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30 pages, 1652 KiB  
Review
Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment against Avian Influenza H5Nx Viruses: A Harbinger of Virus Control or Evolution
by Ahlam Alasiri, Raya Soltane, Akram Hegazy, Ahmed Magdy Khalil, Sara H. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Khalil, Luis Martinez-Sobrido and Ahmed Mostafa
Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111628 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4336
Abstract
Despite the panzootic nature of emergent highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in wild migratory birds and domestic poultry, only a limited number of human infections with H5Nx viruses have been identified since its emergence in 1996. Few countries with endemic avian influenza [...] Read more.
Despite the panzootic nature of emergent highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in wild migratory birds and domestic poultry, only a limited number of human infections with H5Nx viruses have been identified since its emergence in 1996. Few countries with endemic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have implemented vaccination as a control strategy, while most of the countries have adopted a culling strategy for the infected flocks. To date, China and Egypt are the two major sites where vaccination has been adopted to control avian influenza H5Nx infections, especially with the widespread circulation of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. This virus is currently circulating among birds and poultry, with occasional spillovers to mammals, including humans. Herein, we will discuss the history of AIVs in Egypt as one of the hotspots for infections and the improper implementation of prophylactic and therapeutic control strategies, leading to continuous flock outbreaks with remarkable virus evolution scenarios. Along with current pre-pandemic preparedness efforts, comprehensive surveillance of H5Nx viruses in wild birds, domestic poultry, and mammals, including humans, in endemic areas is critical to explore the public health risk of the newly emerging immune-evasive or drug-resistant H5Nx variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Influenza Viruses and Anti-influenza Vaccines)
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13 pages, 292 KiB  
Review
Advances in Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines
by Shintaro Shichinohe and Tokiko Watanabe
Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081391 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4064
Abstract
The numerous influenza infections that occur every year present a major public health problem. Influenza vaccines are important for the prevention of the disease; however, their effectiveness against infection can be suboptimal. Particularly in the elderly, immune induction can be insufficient, and the [...] Read more.
The numerous influenza infections that occur every year present a major public health problem. Influenza vaccines are important for the prevention of the disease; however, their effectiveness against infection can be suboptimal. Particularly in the elderly, immune induction can be insufficient, and the vaccine efficacy against infection is usually lower than that in young adults. Vaccine efficacy can be improved by the addition of adjuvants, and an influenza vaccine with an oil-in-water adjuvant MF59, FLUAD, has been recently licensed in the United States and other countries for persons aged 65 years and older. Although the adverse effects of adjuvanted vaccines have been a concern, many adverse effects of currently approved adjuvanted influenza vaccines are mild and acceptable, given the overriding benefits of the vaccine. Since sufficient immunity can be induced with a small amount of vaccine antigen in the presence of an adjuvant, adjuvanted vaccines promote dose sparing and the prompt preparation of vaccines for pandemic influenza. Adjuvants not only enhance the immune response to antigens but can also be effective against antigenically different viruses. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of influenza vaccines, both past and present, before presenting a discussion of adjuvanted influenza vaccines and their future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Influenza Viruses and Anti-influenza Vaccines)
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