Novel Insights and Advances in Aquatic Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 12 July 2025 | Viewed by 1221

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
Interests: aquatic bacteriology; aquatic virology; aquatic animal immunology; fish vaccines; fish disease resistance genes; host–pathogen interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
Interests: aquatic animal diseases; immunology; microbial genetics
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
Interests: aquatic diseases; clinical prevention and control; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As one of the fastest growing sources for high-quality proteins, aquaculture significantly contributes to the world food security. Disease prevention and control is indispensable for a healthy and sustainable aquaculture industry. Vaccination has been one of the most effective methods to control the emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in aquaculture. Moreover, aquatic vaccines have shown potential beneficial effects on human health by overcoming negative effects due to the abuse of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics, as well as their residues in food and the environment. From the perspective of sustainability and prosperity in aquaculture, vaccination has been considered a crucial part of comprehensive fish health management. In recent decades, scientific and technological advances have paved newer paths in both basic and applied research areas of aquatic vaccines. Efforts in new technologies, approaches and strategies have been devoted to developing and designing novel aquatic vaccines with a higher quality and efficiency. Reverse vaccinology and structural vaccinology were also employed to screen stronger antigens and develop immunomics-based and computer-aided vaccines. Genetic engineering recombinant and chemical methods were applied to design adjuvant vaccines, polyvalent and combination vaccines, nanoparticle-based vaccines/nanovaccines and targeted vaccines. Moreover, novel insights also have been proposed to reveal the immunoprotective mechanism of aquatic vaccines and enrich the knowledge of immune response mechanism including mucosal immunity and systemic immunity in aquatic species.

Dr. Erlong Wang
Dr. Tao Liu
Dr. Yibin Yang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • aquatic vaccines
  • polyvalent vaccines
  • combination vaccines
  • adjuvant vaccines
  • vaccination routes
  • immersion vaccines

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2844 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of a Low-Temperature Immersion Immunization Strategy for the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus orf037l Gene-Deleted Attenuated Vaccine
by Weiqiang Pan, Jiajie Fu, Ruoyun Zeng, Mingcong Liang, Yanlin You, Zhipeng Zhan, Zhoutao Lu, Shaoping Weng, Changjun Guo and Jianguo He
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101170 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 687
Abstract
Background: Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) poses a significant threat to aquaculture sustainability, particularly affecting mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and causing significant economic losses. Methods: To address this challenge, this study developed an ISKNV Δorf037l vaccine strain, where [...] Read more.
Background: Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) poses a significant threat to aquaculture sustainability, particularly affecting mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and causing significant economic losses. Methods: To address this challenge, this study developed an ISKNV Δorf037l vaccine strain, where the orf037l gene was knocked out. Infection assays conducted at 28 °C showed that the knocking out the orf037l gene decreased the virulence of ISKNV and reduced lethality against mandarin fish by 26.7% compared to wild-type ISKNV. To further diminish residual virulence, the effect of low-temperature (22 °C) immersion immunization was evaluated. Results: The results indicate that low temperature significantly diminished the virulence of the Δorf037l vaccine strain, elevating the survival rate of mandarin fish to 90%. Furthermore, the vaccine strain effectively triggered the expression of crucial immune-related genes, such as IFN-h, IL-1, IκB, Mx, TNF-α, and Viperin, while inducing the production of specific neutralizing antibodies. Low-temperature immersion with Δorf037l achieved a high relative percentage of survival of 92.6% (n = 30) in mandarin fish, suggesting the potential of Δorf037l as a promising immersion vaccine candidate. Conclusions: These findings contribute to advancing fish immersion vaccine development and demonstrate the importance and broad applicability of temperature optimization strategies in vaccine development. Our work carries profound implications for both the theoretical understanding and practical application in aquaculture disease control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights and Advances in Aquatic Vaccines)
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