Pharmacotherapy of Dyslipidemias, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2025 | Viewed by 2720

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Guest Editor
Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
Interests: arterial hypertension; diabetes; effects of physical training; general and exercise physiology; health conditions of population groups; nutrition and public health; obesity; pharmacology of natural products
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Dear Colleagues,

Dyslipidemia is a clinical condition characterized by changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations in relation to reference values considered as normal. The increase in the concentration of blood circulating lipids induces an inflammatory process that leads to endothelial damage and then the formation of atherosclerosis plaques, an important cardiovascular risk factor responsible for complications such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Most of these complications are a result of atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion, thrombin generation, platelet activation, and cloth formation. Many hypotheses about its pathogenesis and progression suggest the involvement of oxidative stress, considering that LDL oxidation is a fundamental factor in initiating the atherogenic process. In this sense, the presence of lipid peroxidation products can trigger oxidative changes in LDL particles. Such lesions can be prevented or reduced by the action of antioxidant phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables, which have been shown to be a promising alternative to the adverse effects associated with the use of classic lipid-lowering drugs, such as myalgia and the elevation of hepatic transaminases induced using statins. In this sense, this Special Issue focuses on non-clinical and clinical studies that report advances in the pharmacological therapy of dyslipidemias and associated disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases. Original and review articles as well as case reports concerning classical treatments to novel promising compounds synthetically obtained or from natural sources are welcomed.

Dr. Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
Dr. Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • atherosclerosis
  • dyslipidemia
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • fatty acids
  • high-fat diet
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hypertriglyceridemia
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • PUFA
  • statins

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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32 pages, 1564 KiB  
Systematic Review
Assessing Omega-3 Therapy and Its Cardiovascular Benefits: What About Icosapent Ethyl? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Nathália Mendes Machado, Maria Vitória Barroso Oliveira, Karina Quesada, Jesselina Francisco dos Santos Haber, Ricardo José Tofano, Claudio José Rubira, Tereza Lais Menegucci Zutin, Rosa Direito, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira, Camila Marcondes de Oliveira, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart, Vitor Engrácia Valenti, Kátia Portero Sloan, Lance Alan Sloan, Lucas Fornari Laurindo and Sandra Maria Barbalho
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(4), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18040601 - 20 Apr 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2412
Abstract
Background: Lipid-lowering therapies are an option for stabilizing lipid levels. Icosapent ethyl (IPE) is a highly purified formulation of eicosapentaenoic acid, which can reduce lipid action, improve plaque stabilization, reduce platelet aggregation, lower TG, and prevent cardiovascular events. IPE is frequently used with [...] Read more.
Background: Lipid-lowering therapies are an option for stabilizing lipid levels. Icosapent ethyl (IPE) is a highly purified formulation of eicosapentaenoic acid, which can reduce lipid action, improve plaque stabilization, reduce platelet aggregation, lower TG, and prevent cardiovascular events. IPE is frequently used with statins to manage elevated TG levels. However, the evidence on IPE as a lipid-lowering agent is limited, and no updated systematic review and meta-analysis have been published considering the recent advancements in the field and newly published studies. Therefore, we aim to fill this gap. Methods: We used the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) framework to conduct this review, aiming to answer the question, “Can IPE benefit patients at cardiovascular risk?” GRADE was used to evaluate evidence levels to adhere to the highest criteria. Results: Predominantly, the evaluated population presented TG levels between ≥135 mg/dL and 500 mg/dL and LDL-C levels between >40 mg/dL and ≤100 mg/dL. The included studies showed a reduction in TG and LDL-C and a decrease in cardiovascular events. It means that, according to our systematic review evidence analysis, IPE has been effective in lowering blood lipid levels, including TG, and reducing cardiovascular death and events, such as non-fatal stroke or hospitalization for unstable angina. However, it is worth noting that these results were primarily from patients undergoing statin therapy. According to our meta-analysis, IPE may not be considered a lipid-lowering drug, as limited action associated with its use was evident in the quantitative results. However, caution is necessary, as only two studies were suitable for inclusion due to the differing outcomes in the analyzed samples. Conclusions: Despite the quantitative synthesis, IPE possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-atherogenic properties, highly related to cardiovascular protection. Based on our included studies, IPE was considered a promising therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in conjunction with other lipid-lowering therapies, particularly statins, for patients with extremely high TG levels. The limitations of the reviewed studies may include small sample sizes, varying outcomes, and a small duration of interventions. Future clinical trials with similar outcomes, sample sizes, and intervention durations must be designed, and updated meta-analyses must be published in the following years to fully assess the effects of IPE as a lipid-lowering and cardiovascular protector drug. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacotherapy of Dyslipidemias, 2nd Edition)
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