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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy
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Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 4645

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luigi Nezi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
Interests: microbiome; immunology; immunotherapy; melanoma; colorectal cancer; tumor microenvironment; immune metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marìe Joossens

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
Interests: microbiology; systems biology; biomaterials engineering; biological system engineering; biomechanical engineering; other (bio)medical engineering; environmental engineering and biotechnology; industrial biotechnology; other biotechnology; bio-engineering and biosystem engineering; immunology; laboratory medicine
Dr. Lepage Patricia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRA, Inst Micalis, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France
Interests: the functional characterization and modulation of human gut microbiome using multidisciplinary -omics approaches and its impact on health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunotherapy realized the long-chased objective of full remission and overall improvement in relapse-free survival rates in certain types of cancer patients - sometimes close to what could be considered as a cure. However, a large number of tumors still remain refractory and, even in conditions showing positive clinical outcomes, responses often lack consistency and secondary toxicities limit a substantial portion of patients from benefitting from the intervention. In this regard, the clinical relevance of the immunomodulatory role of the microbiome has emerged both as solid predictor of response and as an actionable target to improve efficacy and/or reduce toxicities. Despite the fact that the link between the microbiome, cancer and response to cancer therapy has come to the fore only in the last decade, the origin of cancer immunotherapy lies in the initial observations of unexpected tumor remission following infection with pathogens.

For this Special issue, we invite you to submit research articles, review articles and short communications about the influence of the microbiome on immunotherapy, including the interactions of microbial antigens and metabolites with the host’s immune system, the modulation of microbial communities to improve clinical outcomes and the design of innovative interventions based on microbiome manipulation. As Guest Editors of this Special Issue, we look forward to reviewing your submissions and, together, defining the present state of the science.

Dr. Luigi Nezi
Dr. Marìe Joossens
Dr. Lepage Patricia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metagenomics
  • metatranscriptomics
  • microbiome-host metabolic interactions
  • fecal microbiome transplantation
  • microbiome manipulation
  • microbial antigens
  • microbial metabolism
  • antigen mimicry

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1356 KiB  
Article
Engraftment of Bacteria after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Dependent on Both Frequency of Dosing and Duration of Preparative Antibiotic Regimen
by Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Elizabeth Ashley Dozier, Matthew S. Glover, Steven Novick, Michael Ford, Christopher Morehouse, Paul Warrener, Carolina Caceres, Sonja Hess, Bret R. Sellman and Taylor S. Cohen
Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071399 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4196
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a key mediator of human physiology, and germ-free mice have been essential in demonstrating a role for the microbiome in disease. Preclinical models using conventional mice offer the advantage of working with a mature immune system. However, [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota has emerged as a key mediator of human physiology, and germ-free mice have been essential in demonstrating a role for the microbiome in disease. Preclinical models using conventional mice offer the advantage of working with a mature immune system. However, optimal protocols for fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) engraftment in conventional mice are yet to be established. Conventional BALB/c mice were randomized to receive 3-day (3d) or 3-week (3w) antibiotic (ABX) regimen in their drinking water followed by 1 or 5-daily FMTs from a human donor. Fecal samples were collected longitudinally and characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Semi-targeted metabolomic profiling of fecal samples was also done with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Lastly, we sought to confirm our findings in BKS mice. Recovery of baseline diversity scores were greatest in the 3d groups, driven by re-emergence of mouse commensal microbiota, whereas the most resemblance to donor microbiota was seen in the 3w + 5-FMT group. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were linked to the input material (human ASVs) engrafted to a significantly greater extent when compared to mouse ASVs in the 3-week groups but not the 3-day groups. Lastly, comparison of metabolomic profiles revealed distinct functional profiles by ABX regimen. These results indicate successful model optimization and emphasize the importance of ABX duration and frequency of FMT dosing; the most stable and reliable colonization by donor ASVs was seen in the 3wk + 5-FMT group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy)
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