Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Co-Infections, Co-Morbidities, Preclinical Development and Treatment

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 775

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
2. Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Interests: vaccine development; sexually transmitted infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain serious, global health problems. The World Health Organization estimates that a million new infections occur each day, the majority of which are STIs, according to their report in 2024. Co-infections with bacterial and viral STIs including HIV are prevalent and can result in increased co-morbidity with augmented infectivity, exacerbated clinical symptoms, and dire health consequences. Broadening our understanding of STI bacterial and HIV co-infections is critical for the development of therapeutic interventions and preventive strategies to combat the health, societal, and economic burden of these diseases.

This Special Issue of Microorganisms aims to collect recent research on the treatment and prevention of STIs with a particular emphasis on STI bacterial co-infections and STI-HIV infections. Original research articles and comprehensive reviews that cover different aspects of STI and HIV co-infections and co-morbidities, preclinical and clinical development of vaccines, drug resistance, epidemiology, immunopathological aspects, societal impacts, antimicrobial and antiviral treatments, and animal infection and co-infection models, including non-human primates, are welcome.

Dr. Aleksandra E. Sikora
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • STI
  • HIV
  • co-infection
  • co-morbidity
  • animal models
  • immunopathology
  • societal impact
  • vaccines
  • antiviral and antibacterial therapeutics
  • preclinical and clinical studies
  • epidemiology
  • drug resistance
  • non-human primate models

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1197 KiB  
Article
Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients
by Patricia N. Olivares Ponce, Lana Bitencourt Chaves, Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva, Ana Luiza Carneiro-Alencar, Cinthia Magalhães Rodolphi, Isabela Ferreira Soares, Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva, Ana Caroline Alves-da-Silva, Fabio Vidal Marques, Rafael Vidal Peres, Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira, Rodrigo Carvalho de Souza, Cristiane Gonçalves, Lucio Souza Gonçalves and Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
Microorganisms 2025, 13(4), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040867 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 331
Abstract
Oral manifestations of HIV infection can be an early sign of the disease and may indicate progression to AIDS. Although antiretroviral therapies, especially highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), have reduced the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions, ongoing updates in diagnosis and treatment are [...] Read more.
Oral manifestations of HIV infection can be an early sign of the disease and may indicate progression to AIDS. Although antiretroviral therapies, especially highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), have reduced the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions, ongoing updates in diagnosis and treatment are essential due to the extended life expectancy of individuals living with HIV. Periodontal disease is a significant concern in these patients, influenced by altered immune responses and microbial dynamics, though the mechanisms are not fully understood. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the oral microbiota and periodontal disease prevalence in HIV-positive individuals by analyzing subgingival plaque samples from 24 patients. We identified 12 bacterial species using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing. Seven species were detected, with Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas endodontalis being the most common. Porphyromonas gingivalis was present in only 13.6% of samples, while T. forsythia was found in 58.3%. Genetic diversity was also observed in P. endodontalis and Selenomonas sputigena amplicons, with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in both species. These results highlight the complex microbial interactions in the oral environments of people living with HIV, emphasizing the need for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing oral health in this population. Full article
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