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Microorganisms
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Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection
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Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 4630

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jun-Hyung Cho

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Guest Editor
College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: gastrointestinal tract; Helicobacter pylori
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Garth Ehrlich

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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
Interests: chronic bacterial pathogenesis; development of anti-biofilm drugs; human disease; susceptibility and performance gene mapping and cloning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled "Bacterial Infection", is a focused collection of reviews and research articles that aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and understanding of bacterial infections across various contexts. This issue brings together contributions from leading experts in microbiology, infectious diseases, immunology, and public health to explore the multifaceted nature of bacterial infections and their impact on human and animal health.

Focal points of this issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Bacterial Pathogenesis: This issue delves into the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which bacteria cause disease, including virulence factors and host–pathogen interactions.
  • Antimicrobial Resistance: A critical examination of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, its mechanisms, and the implications for treatment efficacy.
  • Diagnostics and Detection: Innovative diagnostic tools and techniques for the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial infections, including molecular and immunological methods.
  • Therapeutic Advances: Exploration of new and emerging treatments for bacterial infections, including novel antimicrobial agents, phage therapy, and immunotherapies.
  • Prevention Strategies: Examination of preventive measures such as vaccination, hygiene practices, and public health policies to reduce the incidence of bacterial infections.
  • Epidemiology and Public Health: Analysis of the epidemiology of bacterial infections, risk factors, and the role of public health initiatives in disease control.
  • Host Immune Response: Insights into the host's immune system response to bacterial infections and the development of immunomodulatory therapies.
  • Bacterial Ecology and Evolution: Understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence the emergence and spread of bacterial pathogens.

Prof. Dr. Jun-Hyung Cho
Prof. Dr. Garth Ehrlich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacterial pathogenesis
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • diagnostics and detection
  • therapeutic advances
  • prevention strategies
  • epidemiology and public health
  • host immune response
  • bacterial ecology and evolution

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1975 KiB  
Article
Identification of Released Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Containing Lpp20 from Helicobacter pylori
by Aoi Okamoto, Tatsuki Shibuta, Nanaka Morita, Ryota Fujinuma, Masaya Shiraishi, Reimi Matsuda, Mayu Okada, Satoe Watanabe, Tsukuru Umemura and Hiroaki Takeuchi
Microorganisms 2025, 13(4), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040753 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 202
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastric and extragastric diseases. We have previously demonstrated that one of the mechanisms of H. pylori-associated chronic immune thrombocytopenia involves immune complexes of platelets, a H. pylori protein Lpp20 and an anti-Lpp20 antibody. However, [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastric and extragastric diseases. We have previously demonstrated that one of the mechanisms of H. pylori-associated chronic immune thrombocytopenia involves immune complexes of platelets, a H. pylori protein Lpp20 and an anti-Lpp20 antibody. However, it remains unclear how Lpp20 enters the body. We hypothesize that bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) transport Lpp20. Thus, this study assessed Lpp20 in the bEVs released from seven clinical H. pylori isolates, using immunoprecipitation (IP), immunoblotting (IB), and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), with anti-GroEL (a marker of bEVs) and anti-Lpp20 antibodies. Lpp20 and bEVs were each detected in lysates of all seven strains. IP–IB experiments demonstrated that bEVs containing Lpp20 were produced by five of the strains (J99, SS1, HPK5, JSHR3, and JSHR31). SPRi using an anti-Lpp20 antibody demonstrated significantly higher reflectance from the strain HPK5 than from its lpp20-disrupted strains (p < 0.01), indicating localization of Lpp20 on the bEVs’ surface; Lpp20 may also be contained within bEVs. The bEVs containing Lpp20 were not detected from two clinical H. pylori strains (26695 and JSHR6) or from two lpp20-disrupted strains (26695ΔLpp20 and HPK5ΔLpp20). Differences in Lpp20 detection in bEVs are likely due to variations in bEV production resulting from strain diversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection)
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30 pages, 3494 KiB  
Article
Age-Dependent Pleomorphism in Mycobacterium monacense Cultures
by Malavika Ramesh, Phani Rama Krishna Behra, B. M. Fredrik Pettersson, Santanu Dasgupta and Leif A. Kirsebom
Microorganisms 2025, 13(3), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030475 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Changes in cell shape have been shown to be an integral part of the mycobacterial life cycle; however, systematic investigations into its patterns of pleomorphic behaviour in connection with stages or conditions of growth are scarce. We have studied the complete growth cycle [...] Read more.
Changes in cell shape have been shown to be an integral part of the mycobacterial life cycle; however, systematic investigations into its patterns of pleomorphic behaviour in connection with stages or conditions of growth are scarce. We have studied the complete growth cycle of Mycobacterium monacense cultures, a Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM), in solid as well as in liquid media. We provide data showing changes in cell shape from rod to coccoid and occurrence of refractive cells ranging from Phase Grey to phase Bright (PGB) in appearance upon ageing. Changes in cell shape could be correlated to the bi-phasic nature of the growth curves for M. monacense (and the NTM Mycobacterium boenickei) as measured by the absorbance of liquid cultures while growth measured by colony-forming units (CFU) on solid media showed a uniform exponential growth. Based on the complete M. monacense genome we identified genes involved in cell morphology, and analyses of their mRNA levels revealed changes at different stages of growth. One gene, dnaK_3 (encoding a chaperone), showed significantly increased transcript levels in stationary phase cells relative to exponentially growing cells. Based on protein domain architecture, we identified that the DnaK_3 N-terminus domain is an MreB-like homolog. Endogenous overexpression of M. monacense dnaK_3 in M. monacense was unsuccessful (appears to be lethal) while exogenous overexpression in Mycobacterium marinum resulted in morphological changes with an impact on the frequency of appearance of PGB cells. However, the introduction of an anti-sense “gene” targeting the M. marinum dnaK_3 did not show significant effects. Using dnaK_3-lacZ reporter constructs we also provide data suggesting that the morphological differences could be due to differences in the regulation of dnaK_3 in the two species. Together these data suggest that, although its regulation may vary between mycobacterial species, the dnaK_3 might have a direct or indirect role in the processes influencing mycobacterial cell shape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection)
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20 pages, 2111 KiB  
Article
Identification of Mycoplasma Species in Cattle Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortality
by Emanuele Carella, Erika Messana, Davide Mugetti, Elena Biasibetti, Marzia Pezzolato, Simone Peletto, Mattia Begovoeva and Francesca Rossi
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2340; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112340 - 16 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1329
Abstract
Approximately 30 distinct Mycoplasma species have been isolated from cattle, but only a few are pathogenic and can cause serious respiratory diseases. Consequently, this study aimed to identify Mycoplasma spp. infections in cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), considering factors such as animal [...] Read more.
Approximately 30 distinct Mycoplasma species have been isolated from cattle, but only a few are pathogenic and can cause serious respiratory diseases. Consequently, this study aimed to identify Mycoplasma spp. infections in cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), considering factors such as animal demographics, concurrent infections with other pathogens, post-mortem clinical findings and histological examinations, and seasonality. A total of 326 samples were collected from 322 cattle that had died from BRD in Northwestern Italy. A total of 54 animals (16.8%) tested positive for Mycoplasma spp., and Mycoplasma bovis (n = 22, 40.7%) and Mycoplasma dispar (n = 13, 24.1%) were the most frequently detected species among the examined cattle. Among positive cattle, those aged five months or younger were approximately five times more likely to be infected by Mycoplasma dispar than by Mycoplasma bovis compared to those older than five months (proportional incidence ratio: 5.1, 95% CI 1.2–21.2). The main bacterial pathogens identified in cattle exhibiting co-infection was Pasteurella multocida, whereas the main viral pathogens were BRSV and BoHV-1. Histopathological investigations predominantly revealed catarrhal bronchopneumonia or purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia among the examined cattle. Finally, Mycoplasma hyopharyngis, a species isolated from the pharyngeal and nasal cavities of pigs so far, was detected for the first time in the pneumonic lung of a bovine infected with BRD. Further investigations are necessary to thoroughly characterize its host range and pathogenic potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection)
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Review

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16 pages, 946 KiB  
Review
Host Long Noncoding RNAs as Key Players in Mycobacteria–Host Interactions
by Stephen K. Kotey, Xuejuan Tan, Audrey L. Kinser, Lin Liu and Yong Cheng
Microorganisms 2024, 12(12), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122656 - 21 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1063
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections, caused by various species within the Mycobacterium genus, remain one of the main challenges to global health across the world. Understanding the complex interplay between the host and mycobacterial pathogens is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Host long [...] Read more.
Mycobacterial infections, caused by various species within the Mycobacterium genus, remain one of the main challenges to global health across the world. Understanding the complex interplay between the host and mycobacterial pathogens is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Host long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in cellular response to bacterial infections within host cells. This review provides an overview of the intricate relationship between mycobacterial infections and host lncRNAs in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections. Accumulation of evidence indicates that host lncRNAs play a critical role in regulating cellular response to mycobacterial infection within host cells, such as macrophages, the primary host cells for mycobacterial intracellular survival. The expression of specific host lncRNAs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infections, providing potential targets for the development of novel host-directed therapies and biomarkers for TB diagnosis. In summary, this review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of host lncRNAs in mycobacterial infections. It also emphasizes their potential application as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection)
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Other

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16 pages, 1817 KiB  
Systematic Review
Efficacy and Safety of Modified Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Jun-Hyung Cho and So-Young Jin
Microorganisms 2025, 13(3), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030519 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 849
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bismuth to conventional triple therapy (modified bismuth quadruple therapy [mBQT]) for Helicobacter pylori treatment-naïve patients in an era of increasing eradication failure. We performed a comprehensive literature search up to December 2024 using PubMed, [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bismuth to conventional triple therapy (modified bismuth quadruple therapy [mBQT]) for Helicobacter pylori treatment-naïve patients in an era of increasing eradication failure. We performed a comprehensive literature search up to December 2024 using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to investigate mBQT’s benefits. The comparative treatments were as follows: (1) triple therapy without bismuth (TT), (2) non-BQTs (sequential and concomitant), and (3) classic BQT (cBQT) containing metronidazole and tetracycline. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed to compare eradication rates, adverse drug events, and patient compliance between the mBQT and comparison groups. In total, 9162 and 8449 patients from 43 trials in 35 RCTs were included in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, respectively. The mBQT group had a superior pooled eradication rate compared to the TT group (84.8% vs. 74.1%, p < 0.00001, and odds ratio [OR] = 2.02 [1.61–2.55]). The mBQT showed a similar eradication rate to the non-BQT and cBQT groups (80.8% vs. 80.2%, p = 0.55, and OR = 1.09 [0.83–1.43] in the non-BQT group; 81.5% vs. 83.0%, p = 0.36, and OR = 0.84 [0.59–1.21] in the cBQT group). Regarding adverse drug events, there was no significant difference between the mBQT and comparison groups (25.4% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.53, and OR = 0.95 [0.80–1.12]). The subgroup analysis showed that patient adherence to mBQT was significantly higher than to cBQT (96.4% vs. 93.3%, p = 0.004, and OR = 1.83 [1.21–2.77]). Our meta-analysis showed that mBQT was an effective and tolerable first-line therapy for H. pylori eradication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Bacterial Infection)
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