Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials by Powder Metallurgy

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 6647

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
CRISMAT Laboratory, UMR 6508, Normandy University, 6 Boulevard Marechal Juin, CEDEX 4, 14050 Caen, France
Interests: plasticity mechanisms; plasticity modelisation; dislocations and twinning; size effects in metals; corrosion; magnetic and electrical properties; spark plasma sintering; additive manufacturing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of sintered metallic alloys is now one of the main methods used to develop structural parts, in contrast to traditional methods of casting or plastic deformation processes. Recent rapid sintering methods (SPS and microwave sintering) on the one hand and the emergence of additive manufacturing by powder bed melting on the other hand have led to original microstructure designs. The mechanical properties of the alloys resulting from this process can then be profoundly affected. In this Special Issue, we propose a review of the scientific advances in this field, covering all the areas concerned, particularly looking at the following (non-exhaustive list):

  • New microstructures from sintering and additive manufacturing;
  • Unconventional sintering processes: SPS, microwave, etc.;
  • Mechanical properties: fatigue, creep, plasticity mechanisms, etc.;
  • Temperature effect on microstructure stability;
  • Creep and diffusion mechanisms;
  • Damage, fracture, environmental effects: oxidation, electrochemical corrosion, etc.

Prof. Dr. Eric Hug
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • powder metallurgy
  • sintering
  • additive manufacturing
  • microstructures
  • mechanical properties
  • temperature effects
  • degradation and stability
  • corrosion/oxidation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5809 KB  
Article
Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Carbide-Metal Cermet Material with Hybrid Binder
by Yunyi Zhu, Yi Xie, Wei Wang, Juanqiang Ding, Zhixing Guo, Longgang Wang, Xiang Xia, Guang Xian, Tianen Yang, Jinwen Cai and Mei Yang
Metals 2026, 16(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16020199 - 9 Feb 2026
Viewed by 492
Abstract
To address the limitations of cobalt-based cermet in oxidative and high-temperature environments, this study investigates a (W,Ti)C-based cermet system incorporating a hybrid binder composed of nickel (Ni) and 304 stainless steel (304ss). A series of cermets with varying Ni/304ss binder metal ratios were [...] Read more.
To address the limitations of cobalt-based cermet in oxidative and high-temperature environments, this study investigates a (W,Ti)C-based cermet system incorporating a hybrid binder composed of nickel (Ni) and 304 stainless steel (304ss). A series of cermets with varying Ni/304ss binder metal ratios were fabricated via vacuum sintering at 1440 °C. The introduction of 304ss into the Ni matrix enhanced interfacial diffusion and phase stability, effectively suppressing core–rim structures and promoting a uniform microstructure. Notably, the cermet with 8%Ni–8%304ss composition achieved a Vickers hardness of 15.6 GPa and fracture toughness of 9.21 MPa·m1/2, balancing mechanical strength and toughness. Isothermal oxidation testing at 450 °C showed that the hybrid binder substantially suppressed specific mass gain compared to monolithic Ni or 304ss systems. These improvements are attributed to the interplay between Ni-enhanced densification, which limits oxygen transport, and Cr-facilitated surface passivation, which stabilizes the oxide layer. The results highlight the potential of Ni-304ss hybrid binders as cobalt-free alternatives for high-performance tooling and wear-resistant applications in oxidative environments. Full article
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33 pages, 11997 KB  
Article
The Effects of Knife Milling and Ball Milling on Hydrogen Decrepitated Sm2TM17 Sintered Magnet Powder for Short-Loop Recycling
by James Thomas Griffiths, Oliver Peter Brooks, Viktoria Kozak, Alexis Lambourne, Alexander Campbell and Richard Stuart Sheridan
Metals 2025, 15(11), 1258; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15111258 - 18 Nov 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Sm2TM17 sintered magnets (TM = Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) are utilised in high-temperature rotor applications due to their stable magnetic properties at elevated temperatures of 200–350 °C. However, Sm and Co are critical elements, and the reliance on virgin material [...] Read more.
Sm2TM17 sintered magnets (TM = Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) are utilised in high-temperature rotor applications due to their stable magnetic properties at elevated temperatures of 200–350 °C. However, Sm and Co are critical elements, and the reliance on virgin material supply chains must be reduced. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) could facilitate magnet-to-magnet recycling of scrap material, but the milling characteristics of the powders generated by HD requires investigation. Sm2TM17 sintered magnets were exposed to 18 bar and 2 bar hydrogen pressure at 100 °C for 72 h and then knife-milled, roller ball-milled, and planetary ball-milled for varying milling times utilising a variety of surfactants. The particle size and morphology of the powders were investigated, and sintered magnets manufactured from chosen powders were characterised in terms of composition, density, microstructure, and magnetic properties. Knife milling for two minutes showed major particle size reductions of 70 and 82% in D50 for 18 bar and 2 bar samples respectively. Roller ball milling trials showed that a cyclohexane and oleic acid mixture was the most effective at reducing particle size, reducing D10, 50, and 90 by 92, 91, and 80% respectively. Knife milling HD powder for two minutes and then planetary ball milling this powder in a cyclohexane and 1 wt.% oleic acid mixture generated a particle size distribution of 1.3–6.8 µm. This powder formed a sintered compact with a density 0.08 g/cm3 lower than the as-received material. Sm losses due to oxidation and sublimation in addition to carbon impurities from surfactant usage caused the precipitation of an α-Fe/Co phase and formed ZrC phases respectively. Sm-hydride additions of 2–3 wt.% mitigated the formation of the α-Fe/Co phase, but ZrC phases remained and likely prevented cell structure formation and inhibited domain wall pinning in recycled magnets. Full article
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Review

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25 pages, 4373 KB  
Review
Numerical Simulation and Hot Isostatic Pressing Technology of Powder Titanium Alloys: A Review
by Jianglei Cui, Xiaolong Lv and Hanguang Fu
Metals 2025, 15(5), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15050542 - 14 May 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4311
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and biomedical engineering due to their excellent corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties. However, traditional titanium alloy processing technologies suffer from low material utilization and numerous defects. The emergence [...] Read more.
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and biomedical engineering due to their excellent corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties. However, traditional titanium alloy processing technologies suffer from low material utilization and numerous defects. The emergence of near-net shape forming technology for powder titanium alloys via hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has broken through the limitations of traditional casting and forging, significantly improving the mechanical properties of titanium alloy materials, increasing material utilization, and shortening the production cycle of products. The application of numerical simulation technology has provided a scientific basis for the design of capsules and cores of complex high-performance components and has offered theoretical support for the densification of powders under thermomechanical coupling, becoming an essential foundation for achieving controllable shape and properties of components. This paper introduces the characteristics and process flow of HIP technology for powder titanium alloys, summarizes the current development status and research achievements of this technology both domestically and internationally, elaborates on the research progress of numerical simulation of HIP, and concludes with an analysis of the existing technological challenges and possible solutions, as well as an outlook on future development directions. Full article
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