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Metals
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Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys
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Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2026) | Viewed by 9250

Editors

Dr. Žaklina Z. Tasić

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Guest Editor
Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, 19210 Bor, Serbia
Interests: corrosion science; electrochemistry; electrodes; material characterization; green corrosion inhibitors; electrochemical methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marija B. Petrović Mihajlović

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Guest Editor
Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, 19210 Bor, Serbia
Interests: electrochemical analysis; corrosion; environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors; material characterization; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ana Simonovic

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Guest Editor
Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, 19210 Bor, Serbia
Interests: electrochemical analysis; corrosion; corrosion inhibition; electrochemical techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Milan B. Radovanović

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Guest Editor
Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, 19210 Bor, Serbia
Interests: corrosion; corrosion inhibition; material characterization; electrochemical techniques; impedance analysis; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In everyday life, metals are used extensively in infrastructure, transportation, household appliances, and electronic devices. However, these metals and alloys are often exposed to moisture, salt, and pollutants, which can accelerate corrosion. The understanding of electrochemical processes and the implementation of protective measures are essential for extending the service life of metals and alloys in various environments. Electrochemical methods play a crucial role in helping us to understand, monitor, and control corrosion processes. Based on this, scientists can predict corrosion rates, identify areas at risk, and develop effective protection strategies. Techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and open-circuit potential measurements are often used to investigate corrosion mechanisms and evaluate protective coatings or inhibitors. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on scientific papers on the electrochemical corrosion of metals and alloys in different environments, electrochemical methods for monitoring the corrosion rate of metallic materials, and the application of different methods for corrosion protection in aggressive environments.

Dr. Žaklina Z. Tasić
Dr. Marija B. Petrović Mihajlović
Dr. Ana Simonovic
Prof. Dr. Milan B. Radovanović
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical corrosion
  • metals and alloys
  • corrosion protection
  • electrochemical methods
  • corrosive environments
  • inhibitors
  • protective coatings

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 5200 KB  
Article
Corrosion Resistance of Different Commercial Zr, Zr/Ti and Zr/Cr(III) Conversion Coatings Deposited on an Al Alloy 3003
by Maja Mujdrica Kim and Ingrid Milošev
Metals 2026, 16(7), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16070730 - 2 Jul 2026
Viewed by 200
Abstract
Chromate-free conversion coatings are increasingly investigated as environmentally acceptable alternatives to conventional chromate conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. In the present study, the electrochemical behaviour and long-term corrosion stability of several commercial conversion coating systems based on trivalent chromium (TCP), [...] Read more.
Chromate-free conversion coatings are increasingly investigated as environmentally acceptable alternatives to conventional chromate conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. In the present study, the electrochemical behaviour and long-term corrosion stability of several commercial conversion coating systems based on trivalent chromium (TCP), zirconium (ZrCC) and zirconium/titanium (Zr/TiCC) were systematically evaluated on AA3003 aluminum alloy and compared to chromate conversion coating (CCC) CR614. Three TCP coatings (ST650, MC1300 and B30002), two ZrCC (MC1700 and MC160/161), and one Zr/TiCC (B2040) were investigated. Coatings were prepared at pre-selected pH and concentration, but at varying conversion times. The protective performance of the coating was then tested across various exposure conditions using potentiodynamic polarization measurements: (i) after 24 h of exposure to air, (ii) after 24 h of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and (iii) simulated acid rain solution, and (iv) after exposure in a salt spray chamber for 500 h. The protective performance strongly depended on both the conversion conditions and the exposure environment. The optimal conversion times ranged between 40 s and 18 min, depending on the coating type. Differences between the investigated systems remained relatively limited when investigated after exposure to air and immersion in the simulated acid rain solution. However, in chloride-containing environments, substantially greater differentiation between the coatings was observed. Among the investigated systems, TCP coatings exhibited the most favourable overall corrosion performance, particularly after prolonged salt spray exposure, where ST650 and B30002 polarization resistance values were approximately 8800 and 5300 kΩ cm2, respectively, together with corrosion current densities as low as 0.0004 and 0.001 μA cm−2. ZrCC systems MC1700 and MC160/161 also provided significant corrosion protection, achieving polarization resistance values around 2700 and 2400 kΩ cm2 after 500 h of salt spray exposure, whereas the Zr/TiCC coating B2040 exhibited poorer long-term performance. The results further demonstrated that prolonged salt spray exposure provides considerably more realistic evaluation of long-term coating protectiveness than short-term electrochemical measurements alone. Overall, optimized TCP and ZrCC systems provided corrosion protection under chloride-containing conditions comparable to or superior to the investigated conventional chromate conversion coating CR614 deposited on AA3003 alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys)
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17 pages, 7250 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Active Components of Black Pine Essential Oil as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors–Part II
by Anđela R. Simović, Dušan Berber, Mihajlo Etinski, Branimir N. Grgur and Jelena B. Bajat
Metals 2026, 16(7), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16070716 - 29 Jun 2026
Viewed by 188
Abstract
This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition performance of α-pinene, β-pinene, and caryophyllene, constituents of black pine (Pinus nigra) essential oil, on carbon steel in 1 M HCl. At concentrations reflecting their natural abundance in 100 ppm essential oil, α-pinene (66.5 ppm) showed the [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition performance of α-pinene, β-pinene, and caryophyllene, constituents of black pine (Pinus nigra) essential oil, on carbon steel in 1 M HCl. At concentrations reflecting their natural abundance in 100 ppm essential oil, α-pinene (66.5 ppm) showed the highest efficiency among individual compounds (up to 94.99%), while β-pinene and caryophyllene exhibited lower efficiencies due to their minor natural content. At an identical concentration (80 ppm), caryophyllene displayed the highest inhibition efficiency after 4 h immersion (96.16%), exceeding α-pinene (92.46%), β-pinene (89.75%), and slightly surpassing the essential oil (95.26%). Electrochemical measurements revealed time-dependent enhancement of protection for all inhibitors. Potentiodynamic polarization indicated mixed-type inhibition with predominant cathodic control and a decrease in corrosion current density from 173.33 μA cm−2 (blank) to 7.03 μA cm−2 (caryophyllene). SEM confirmed reduced surface degradation in inhibited systems, while contact angle measurements showed increased hydrophobicity after prolonged exposure to caryophyllene, indicating formation of a stable adsorbed film. DFT calculations corroborated experimental trends, identifying caryophyllene as the most efficient inhibitor due to favorable electronic properties. The results highlight individual phytochemicals as promising sustainable corrosion inhibitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys)
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15 pages, 2516 KB  
Article
Electrochemical Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of CuFeP Alloy in Chloride Solution
by Žaklina Tasić, Marija Petrović Mihajlović, Ana Simonović, Milan Radovanović, Milan Antonijević, Biserka Trumić and Vesna Krstić
Metals 2026, 16(6), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16060622 - 5 Jun 2026
Viewed by 308
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of copper and a Cu-Fe-P alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied in this paper. This study focused on the influence of microalloying in the Cu-Fe-P alloy containing 0.003 wt% Fe and 0.014 wt% P on corrosion resistance in chloride [...] Read more.
The corrosion behavior of copper and a Cu-Fe-P alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied in this paper. This study focused on the influence of microalloying in the Cu-Fe-P alloy containing 0.003 wt% Fe and 0.014 wt% P on corrosion resistance in chloride media. Additionally, the effect of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole as an inhibitor was evaluated using electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the potentiodynamic polarization results, 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole can be classified as a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency also increases with increasing concentration. The results indicate that the Cu-Fe-P alloy has improved corrosion resistance compared to copper, and a higher inhibition efficiency of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole was observed for the Cu alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys)
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17 pages, 9177 KB  
Article
Electrodeposition and Corrosion Behavior of Cu-Sn Alloys in 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 0.1 M HNO3 Solutions
by Xiye Jiao, Zhou Yang, Jie Yan, Jin Zhang, Xiaolin Chen and Renguo Guan
Metals 2025, 15(4), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15040426 - 10 Apr 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2838
Abstract
In this study, Cu-Sn alloys with varying compositions were synthesized using nickel sulfate as a structure-directing agent during electrodeposition. The crystalline structure of the alloys and the influence of nickel sulfate on the morphology were systematically investigated. The corrosion behavior of these alloys [...] Read more.
In this study, Cu-Sn alloys with varying compositions were synthesized using nickel sulfate as a structure-directing agent during electrodeposition. The crystalline structure of the alloys and the influence of nickel sulfate on the morphology were systematically investigated. The corrosion behavior of these alloys was examined in 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 0.1 M HNO3 solutions using kinetic potential polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the corrosion products of the alloys. The result revealed that the absolute value of corrosion potential of Cu43Sn57 alloy prepared by adding nickel sulfate in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution decreased from 0.259 V to 0.186 V, and the corrosion current density decreased from 9.456 × 10−6 mA cm−2 to 1.248 × 10−6 mA cm−2. In 0.1 M HNO3 solution, the absolute values of corrosion potential of Cu43Sn57 alloy prepared by adding nickel sulfate decreased from 0.065 V to 0.028 V, and the corrosion current density decreased from 5.384 × 10−5 mA cm−2 to 2.63 × 10−5 mA cm−2. This research contributes to the understanding of how structural modification affects the electrochemical performance of Cu-Sn alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys)
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15 pages, 4283 KB  
Article
Investigation into the Effects of Citric Acid on the Corrosion Behavior of AM 350 Stainless Steel Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
by Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Miguel Villegas-Tovar, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, María Lara-Banda, Miguel Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Ce Tochtli Méndez-Ramírez, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Verónica Almaguer-Cantu, Jesus Manuel Jaquez-Muñoz, Aldo Landa-Gómez and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón
Metals 2025, 15(4), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15040420 - 8 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4866
Abstract
Stainless steels are used in the aeronautical industry for their corrosion resistance and good mechanical performance. The chemical treatment used to improve corrosion resistance is passivation, forming a compact, continuous, adherent chromium oxide film. This research aimed to investigate the effect of citric [...] Read more.
Stainless steels are used in the aeronautical industry for their corrosion resistance and good mechanical performance. The chemical treatment used to improve corrosion resistance is passivation, forming a compact, continuous, adherent chromium oxide film. This research aimed to investigate the effect of citric acid at different concentrations (citric acid; citric acid + oxalic acid, citric acid + hydrogen peroxide, and citric acid + hydrogen peroxide + ethanol) on AM 350 stainless steel passivated for 90 and 120 min at 25 and 50 °C and immersed in 5% by weight sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The electrochemical technique used was electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) based on ASTM-G106. The EIS (equivalent circuit) results indicate that there are one and two constant phase elements (CPE), which indicate the presence of various factors on the stainless steel surface, such as roughness and the formation of porous and passive layers, respectively. A double-layer system was employed for some samples. However, when the ethanol was added to the passivation bath, the behavior changed to a one-time constant system. The AM 350 passivated in citric and oxalic acid presented the higher corrosion resistance with values of 6 × 105 Ω·cm2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection in Metals and Alloys)
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