Submit to Materials Review for Materials Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys

Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 37279

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marcin Nabialek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
Interests: amorphous materials; nanoscience; properties; magnetism; titanium alloys; biomaterials; polymers; geopolymers; composities; method of production supercooled materials; foundry engineering; new technology; nanomaterials; annealing methods and generally materials science; physics; chemical engineering; engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Technological development is associated with the consumption of vast amounts of energy. Increases in environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect are driving the search for improvements (and savings) in the field of materials engineering. Therefore, modern construction and functional materials must feature increasingly improved mechanical and performance parameters. The development of these materials relies on the search for new, as well as the improvement of existing, production, and material processing methods for alloys.

An example of a class of modern materials is that of titanium-based alloys—which are used as construction materials. The interest surrounding titanium-based alloys is generated by their very good mechanical properties, concurrent with their low specific weight. Due to their high bio-conformity and absence of cytotoxicity, titanium-based alloys can be applied as medical implants.

Another promising group of materials is that of bulk metallic glasses. These materials usually exhibit better mechanical properties than their crystalline counterparts.

Both titanium-based alloys and bulk metallic glasses require continuous improvements. Their processing methods are constantly being improved. For the titanium-based alloys, surface processing is commonly used, which improves their hardness and corrosion resistance. Due to their structure and properties of bulk, metallic glasses are more difficult to process. In practice, the mechanical properties of the metallic glasses can be controlled by their thermal treatment. This method can lead to structural relaxation or partial crystallization, which influences the hardness and/or malleability of these materials.

Composite materials make up an important target in the development of construction and functional materials. It is well known that composites should exhibit better properties than their individual constituents. Composite materials find wide application in many areas of technology; for example, the sports and electronics industries.

The Special Issue of “Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys” concerns all aspects related to the mechanical properties of conventional alloys, amorphous alloys, and metal-based composites. We welcome articles related to the machining and thermal treatment of conventional and amorphous alloys. It is my pleasure to invite the submission of manuscripts for this Special Issue.

Prof. Marcin Nabialek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Machining methods
Mechanical properties
New technology
Unique properties
Special properties
Hardness
Abrasion resistance
Annealing process
Improvement of properties
Crystalline face
Crystalline grain
Nanomaterial
Crystalline structure

Published Papers (14 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 6710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Milling Conditions of Aluminium Alloy 2017A on the Surface Roughness

by Lukasz Nowakowski, Marian Bartoszuk, Michal Skrzyniarz, Slawomir Blasiak and Dimka Vasileva

Materials 2022, 15(10), 3626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103626 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1439

Abstract

The article presents the results and process analysis of the face milling of aluminium alloy 2017A with the CoroMill 490 tool on an AVIA VMC 800 vertical milling centre. The study analysed the effects of the cutting speed, the feed rate, the actual number of teeth involved in the process, the minimum thickness of the cut layer (h_min), and the relative displacement in the tool-workpiece system D(ξ) on the surface roughness parameter Ra. To measure relative displacement, an original bench was used with an XL-80 laser interferometer. The analysis of relative displacement and surface roughness allowed these factors to be correlated with each other. The purpose of this article is to determine the stable operating ranges of the CoroMill 490-050Q22-08M milling head with respect to the value of the generated relative displacement w during the face-milling process and to determine its influence on surface roughness. The research methodology presented in this paper and the cutting tests carried out allowed the determination of the optimum operating parameters of the CoroMill 490-050Q22-08M tool during the face milling of aluminium alloy 2017A, which are v_c 300 m/m and f_z—0.14 mm/tooth. Working with the defined cutting parameters allows all the cutting inserts in the tool body to be involved in shaping the geometrical structure of the surface, while maintaining a low vibration level D(ξ) > 1 µm, a low value of the parameter h_min > 1.5 µm, and the desired value of the parameter Ra > 0.2 µm Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 12900 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Aluminium Alloy after High Plastic Deformation for Joining Riveted Structures

by Bogdan Szturomski and Radosław Kiciński

Materials 2022, 15(5), 1920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051920 - 04 Mar 2022

Viewed by 1255

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a static and dynamic tensile test of an Al7.5Mg aluminium alloy taken from round bars made in the technology of hydrostatic extrusion. It is planned to use the Al7.5Mg aluminium alloy for joining riveted structures. Based on the obtained results, the nominal and true characteristics of the Al7.5Mg aluminium alloy, depending on the strain rate in the range from 0 to 2000 s⁻¹, were developed. The failure criterion for tension was determined. The material characteristics were approximated by the Johnson–Cook equation, which can be used in CAE (computer-aided engineering) programs to simulate the impact processes. FEM (finite element method) simulation of the impact of the hammer on the part of the riveted aircraft structure was performed. The FEM simulation results were compared with the experimental results on a drop hammer to verify the material model. The following results were obtained: yield strength R_e = 395.3 MPa; strength limit R_m = 523.1 MPa at deformation 0.067; Young’s modulus E = 7.9 × 10⁴ MPa. The AL7.5Mg alloy after hydro-extrusion has favourable plastic and strength properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 32743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental Study on Processing TC4 with Nano Particle Surfactant Mixed Micro EDM

by Tingting Ni, Qingyu Liu, Zhiheng Chen, Dongsheng Jiang and Shufeng Sun

Materials 2021, 14(20), 6074; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206074 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1304

Abstract

Micro electrical discharge machining (micro EDM) is able to remove conductive material by non-contact instantaneous high temperature, which is more suitable for machining titanium and its alloys compared with traditional machining methods. To further improve the machining efficiency and machined surface quality of micro EDM, the nano particle surfactant mixed micro EDM method is put forward in this paper. Experiments were conducted to explore the effect of nano particle surfactant on the micro EDM performance of titanium alloy. The results show that the material removal rate of micro EDM in dielectric mixed with TiO₂ is the highest when open-circuit voltage is 100 V, followed by Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂. Lower tool wear rate can be produced by using dielectric mixed with nano particle surfactant. The taper ratio of micro EDM in dielectric mixed with nano particle surfactant is higher than that in deionized water. The surface roughness Ra of micro EDM in dielectric mixed with TiO₂ can be 50% lower than that in deionized water. It is helpful to improve the machining performance by adding surface surfactant in the dielectric of micro EDM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 1037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Grinding Energy Density in a Jet Mill

by Dariusz Urbaniak, Henryk Otwinowski, Tomasz Wyleciał, Vladimir Pavlovich Zhukov, Aleksei Yevgenyevich Barochkin and Jarosław Boryca

Materials 2021, 14(8), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14082008 - 16 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2033

Abstract

Raw materials are used in many industrial technologies. The raw material frequently has to be prepared as an intermediate with an appropriate particle size distribution, which requires the use of grinding. In grinding processes, energy consumption is a very important profitability criterion for the applied particular size reduction technology. The paper describes the comminution process that takes place in the jet mill using a modified form of the thermodynamic theory of grinding. In this theory, new material characteristics have been added: the surface and volumetric density of grinding energy. The thermodynamic theory is a combination of the classical Kick’s theory and the modified form of Rittinger’s theory. The tested physical magnitudes are a measure of the energy consumption of the grinding process. They describe the energy that must be provided in the grinding process to overcome interactions between particles related to the volume and surface of the material. Knowledge of these magnitudes is necessary to model thermomechanical phenomena in the solid state. The paper presents the results of research on comminution in a jet mill, on the basis of which the values of the tested material magnitudes were determined. It is graphically shown how the values of the tested magnitudes depend on the grain size of the ground samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 10999 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Chip Binding on the Parameters of the Case-Hardened Layer of Tooth Surfaces for AMS 6308 Steel Gears Processed by Thermochemical Treatment

by Robert Fularski and Ryszard Filip

Materials 2021, 14(5), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051155 - 01 Mar 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2049

Abstract

The following article describes influence of pressure welded or bound chips to the gear tooth flank and/or the tooth root on a carburized case and surface layer hardness of Pyrowear 53 steel gears, machined by Power Skiving method. This paper is focused only on one factor, the chips generated while forming gear teeth by power skiving, which could result in local changes in the carburized case parameters as a negatively affecting point of mechanical performance of the carburized case. The chips, due to the specifics of the power skiving process and the kinematics of tooth forming, could be subject to the phenomena of pressure welding or binding of chips to the tooth. During the carburizing stage of the downstream manufacturing processes, the chips form a diffusion barrier, which ultimately could result in localized changes in the carburized case. This work was an attempt to answer the question of how and to what extent the chips affect the case hardening. Performed simulations of chips by a generating cupper “spots”, mentioned in the study, represent a new approach in connection with minimization of errors, which could appear during carbon case depth and case hardness analysis for typical chips, generated during the machining process—assurance that a complete chip was bound to the surface. Hardness correlation for zones, where the chip appears with areas free of chips, gives simple techniques for assessment. Performed tests increased the knowledge about the critical size of the chip—1.5 mm, which could affect the case hardening. Obtained experimental test results showed that the appearance of chip phenomena on the gear tooth might have a negative impact on a carburized case depth and hardened layer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 10326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Aluminium Powder on Kaolin-Based Geopolymer Characteristic and Removal of Cu²⁺

by Nurliyana Ariffin, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Przemysław Postawa, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Agata Śliwa, Mohd Firdaus Omar, Jerzy J. Wysłocki, Katarzyna Błoch and Marcin Nabiałek

Materials 2021, 14(4), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040814 - 08 Feb 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2735

Abstract

This current work focuses on the synthesis of geopolymer-based adsorbent which uses kaolin as a source material, mixed with alkali solution consisting of 10 M NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ as well as aluminium powder as a foaming agent. The experimental range for the aluminium powder was between 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2wt%. The structure, properties and characterization of the geopolymer were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption capacity and porosity were analysed based on various percentages of aluminium powder added. The results indicate that the use of aluminium powder exhibited a better pore size distribution and higher porosity, suggesting a better heavy metal removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu²⁺ approached approximately 98%. The findings indicate that 0.8% aluminium powder was the optimal aluminium powder content for geopolymer adsorbent. The removal efficiency was affected by pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The optimum removal capacity of Cu²⁺ was obtained at pH 6 with 1.5 g geopolymer adsorbent and 4 h contact time. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase in porosity increases the adsorption of Cu²⁺. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 5248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Mold: Comparative Study of Rapid and Hard Tooling for Injection Molding Application Using Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC)

by Radhwan Hussin, Safian Sharif, Marcin Nabiałek, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Mohd Tanwyn Mohd Khushairi, Mohd Azlan Suhaimi, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Mohd Hazwan Mohd Hanid, Jerzy J. Wysłocki and Katarzyna Błoch

Materials 2021, 14(3), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030665 - 01 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4258

Abstract

The mold-making industry is currently facing several challenges, including new competitors in the market as well as the increasing demand for a low volume of precision moldings. The purpose of this research is to appraise a new formulation of Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC) materials as a mold insert. The fabrication of mold inserts using MEC provided commercial opportunities and an alternative rapid tooling method for injection molding application. It is hypothesized that the addition of filler particles such as brass and copper powders would be able to further increase mold performance such as compression strength and thermal properties, which are essential in the production of plastic parts for the new product development. This study involved four phases, which are epoxy matrix design, material properties characterization, mold design, and finally the fabrication of the mold insert. Epoxy resins filled with brass (EB) and copper (EC) powders were mixed separately into 10 wt% until 30 wt% of the mass composition ratio. Control factors such as degassing time, curing temperature, and mixing time to increase physical and mechanical properties were optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The study provided optimum parameters for mixing epoxy resin with fillers, where the degassing time was found to be the critical factor with 35.91%, followed by curing temperature with 3.53% and mixing time with 2.08%. The mold inserts were fabricated for EB and EC at 30 wt% based on the optimization outcome from RSM and statistical ANOVA results. It was also revealed that the EC mold insert offers better cycle time compared to EB mold insert material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 6711 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of the Drawing Process on the Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steel Wires with 0.4% C Content

by Monika Kucharska, Sylwia Wiewiórowska, Jacek Michalczyk and Andrzej Gontarz

Materials 2020, 13(24), 5769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245769 - 17 Dec 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2138

Abstract

In the work, the results of the research concerned with the TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel wire drawing process in experimental and theoretical ways are shown. The wire drawing process tests on the experimental way were conducted in both laboratories as well as industrial conditions, with the use of two drawing speeds (1.6 and 6 m/s) and two drawing schemes (low and high single reductions). The mechanical properties of wires drawn with high drawing speed equal to 6 m/s showed higher values of mechanical properties for wires drawn with low single reductions than for wires drawn with high single reductions. Such a phenomenon contradicts the theory of drawing wires from steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure and must be related to TRIP structure and the presence of retained austenite in it, which is transformed into martensite during the deformation process. In order to explain this phenomenon, the theoretical wire drawing process analysis was conducted with the use of the Drawing 2D program based on the finite element method. On the base of the simulation, a large increase in temperature was found on the surface for wires drawn with high drawing speed and low single reductions, which can cause the blocking of transformation retained austenite into martensite and thus a decrease in R_m. To confirm this thesis, further studies will include tests of the amount of retained austenite in wires obtained during experimental tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 8411 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Its Impact as the Initial Parameter on Modeling of the Steel Flow through the Tundish

by Marta Ślęzak and Marek Warzecha

Materials 2020, 13(21), 5025; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215025 - 07 Nov 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

The paper presents research carried out to experimentally determine the dynamic viscosity of selected iron solutions. A high temperature rheometer with an air bearing was used for the tests, and ANSYS Fluent commercial software was used for numerical simulations. The experimental results obtained are, on average, lower by half than the values of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of liquid steel adopted during fluid flow modeling. Numerical simulations were carried out, taking into account the viscosity standard adopted for most numerical calculations and the average value of the obtained experimental dynamic viscosity of the analyzed iron solutions. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis showed differences in the flow structure of liquid steel in the tundish, in particular in the predicted values and the velocity profile distribution. However, these differences are not significant. In addition, the work analyzed two different rheological models—including one of our own—to describe the dynamic viscosity of liquid steel, so that in the future, the experimental stage could be replaced by calculating the value of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of liquid steel using one equation. The results obtained support the use of the author’s rheological model for the above; however, this model still needs to be refined and extended to a wide range of alloying elements, mainly the extension of the carbon range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 11235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Sn as a Process Control Agent on Mechanical Alloying Behavior of Nanocrystalline Titanium Based Powders

by Izabela Matuła, Maciej Zubko and Grzegorz Dercz

Materials 2020, 13(9), 2110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092110 - 02 May 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2357

Abstract

In this study, the effects of Sn as a process control agent (PCA) on the final powder sizes, morphology, homogenization and alloying process of a new titanium alloy were investigated. Two kinds of powders, Ti10Ta8Mo and Ti10Ta8Mo3Sn (wt %), were prepared using a mechanical alloying process. For the Ti10Ta8Mo3Sn (wt %) alloy, the Sn element was used as PCA to enhance the milling process in the planetary ball mill. The milling process of both compositions was carried out with 200 rpm for 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 h. The results confirmed that using Sn as a process control agent can result in a relatively good size distribution and better yield performance compared to samples without Sn addition. The phase analysis using X-ray diffraction proved the formation of the α nanocrystalline phase and the partial phase transformation from α to nanocrystalline β phases of both alloy compositions. The Scaning Electron Micoscope- Backscattered Electrons SEM-BSE results confirmed that the use of Sn as the PCA can provide a better homogenization of samples prepared by at least 60 h of ball milling. Furthermore, the presence of Sn yielded the most uniform, spheroidal and finest particles after the longest milling time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Developing an Analytical Model and Computing Tool for Optimizing Lapping Operations of Flat Objects Made of Alloyed Steels

by Tudor Deaconescu and Andrea Deaconescu

Materials 2020, 13(6), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061343 - 16 Mar 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2484

Abstract

Lapping is a finishing process where loose abrasive grains contained in a slurry are pressed against a workpiece to reduce its surface roughness. To perform a lapping operation, the user needs to set the values of the respective lapping conditions (e.g., pressure, depth of cut, the rotational speed of the pressing lap plate, and alike) based on some material properties of the workpiece, abrasive grains, and slurry, as well as on the desired surface roughness. Therefore, a mathematical model is needed that establishes the relationships among the abovementioned parameters. The mathematical model can be used to develop a lapping operation optimization system, as well. To this date, such a model and system are not available mainly because the relationships among lapping conditions, material properties of abrasive grains and slurry, and surface roughness are difficult to establish. This study solves this problem. It presents a mathematical model establishing the required relationships. It also presents a system developed based on the mathematical model. In addition, the efficacy of the system is also shown using a case study. This study thus helps systematize lapping operations in regard to real-world applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 11155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surface Quality Assessment after Milling AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Using PCD Tool

by Ireneusz Zagórski and Jarosław Korpysa

Materials 2020, 13(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030617 - 30 Jan 2020

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2162

Abstract

Surface roughness is among the key indicators describing the quality of machined surfaces. Although it is an aggregate of several factors, the condition of the surface is largely determined by the type of tool and the operational parameters of machining. This study sought to examine the effect that particular machining parameters have on the quality of the surface. The investigated operation was the high-speed dry milling of a magnesium alloy with a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool dedicated for light metal applications. Magnesium alloys have low density, and thus are commonly used in the aerospace or automotive industries. The state of the Mg surfaces was assessed using the 2D surface roughness parameters, measured on the lateral and the end face of the specimens, and the end-face 3D area roughness parameters. The description of the surfaces was complemented with the surface topography maps and the Abbott–Firestone curves of the specimens. Most 2D roughness parameters were to a limited extent affected by the changes in the cutting speed and the axial depth of cut, therefore, the results from the measurements were subjected to statistical analysis. From the data comparison, it emerged that PCD-tipped tools are resilient to changes in the cutting parameters and produce a high-quality surface finish. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 10437 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Welding Techniques for High Entropy Alloys: Processes, Properties, Characterization, and Challenges

by Merbin John, Orlando Diaz, Andres Esparza, Aaron Fliegler, Derek Ocenosak, Carson Van Dorn, Udaya Bhat K. and Pradeep L. Menezes

Materials 2022, 15(6), 2273; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062273 - 19 Mar 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2851

Abstract

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are the outstanding innovations in materials science and engineering in the early 21st century. HEAs consist of multiple elements with equiatomic or near equiatomic compositions, which exhibit superior mechanical properties, such as wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. HEAs are primarily used in structural and functional applications; hence, appropriate welding processes are essential to enhancing the performances and service lives of HEA components. Herein, a comprehensive overview of current state-of-art-of welding techniques for HEAs is elucidated. More specifically, the article discusses the fusion-based welding techniques, such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and laser beam welding (LBW), and solid-state welding techniques, such as friction stir welding (FSW) and explosive welding (EB), for a broad category of HEAs. In addition, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of HEAs welded using different techniques were explained for a broad spectrum of HEAs. Finally, this review discusses potential challenges in the welding of HEAs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 5830 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Peening Techniques for Surface Modification: Processes, Properties, and Applications

by Merbin John, Prasad Rao Kalvala, Manoranjan Misra and Pradeep L. Menezes

Materials 2021, 14(14), 3841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143841 - 09 Jul 2021

Cited by 50 | Viewed by 5809

Abstract

Surface modification methods have been applied to metals and alloys to change the surface integrity, obtain superior mechanical properties, and improve service life irrespective of the field of application. In this review paper, current state-of-the-art of peening techniques are demonstrated. More specifically, classical and advanced shot peening (SP), ultrasonic impact peening (UIP), and laser shock peening (LSP) have been discussed. The effect of these techniques on mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue life, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys, are discussed. This study also reports the comparisons, advantages, challenges, and potential applications of these processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Machining Methods and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)

► Show Figures