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Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition)
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Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 5082

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bożena Czech

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Interests: catalysis; photocatalysis; AOPs; nanomaterials; ecotoxicology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intensive development of analytical methods has resulted in an increased number of substances detected in environmental matrices called emerging pollutants. Although they are detected at relatively low concentrations, their persistence and frequent bioactivity makes them refractory pollutants. Nowadays, existing methods of water and wastewater treatment are ineffective in their removal; thus, there is a need to develop new effective and environmentally friendly methods for their removal. Among various proposed techniques, adsorption seems to be the solution.

Designing effective and environmentally friendly materials is of great importance nowadays. Adsorption is effective, cheap, and does not require any harsh conditions. Furthermore, the transformation of waste into precious products such as sorbents meets the requirements of circular economy and sustainable development and enables the realization of several SD goals. Engineered materials dedicated to the removal of toxic, refractory pollutants may solve several environmental problems.

We are pleased to invite you to submit scientific articles, reviews, or short communications discussing the latest developments in the synthesis and application of adsorbents (carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous, and composites) and their application in water, air, or soil treatment or any other application, such as drug delivery systems, (bio)sensors, and others.

Dr. Bożena Czech
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adsorbents
  • adsorption
  • engineered materials
  • emerging pollutants
  • persistent pollutants
  • water and wastewater treatment
  • decontamination

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10821 KiB  
Article
Impact of Treatment Methods on the Surface Properties of the Mg-Containing Zeolite Y
by Andrzej Biessikirski, Grzegorz Piotr Kaczmarczyk, Malwina Kolano, Karolina Kaznowska-Opala, Małgorzata Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk, Jacek Gurgul and Łukasz Kuterasiński
Materials 2025, 18(5), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18051033 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 396
Abstract
In the undertaken research, we investigated the preparation route’s influence mainly on the surface properties of the final form of Mg-containing zeolite Y. The parent zeolite was subjected to modification with aqueous solutions of magnesium nitrate via impregnation, ion-exchange, and ultrasonic techniques, respectively. [...] Read more.
In the undertaken research, we investigated the preparation route’s influence mainly on the surface properties of the final form of Mg-containing zeolite Y. The parent zeolite was subjected to modification with aqueous solutions of magnesium nitrate via impregnation, ion-exchange, and ultrasonic techniques, respectively. The results obtained from the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Computer Tomography (CT), and crystallinity evaluations indicated that the method of zeolite modification influenced the physicochemical properties of the studied samples. Wet impregnation caused additional surface roughness, whereas both ion-exchange and sonication led to surface smoothing of the Mg-containing zeolite Y. Nitrogen adsorption analysis indicated no enormous changes in the porosity of Mg-containing zeolite Y, which can be explained by a relatively high resistance of zeolite to interaction with magnesium nitrate aqueous solutions. However, the biggest changes in porosity were observed for Mg-Y prepared via the impregnation technique due to the longest contact between the zeolite and Mg solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Use of Biopowders as Adsorbents of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Aqueous Solutions
by Vanesa Santás-Miguel, Vanesa Lalín-Pousa, Manuel Conde-Cid, Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo and Paula Pérez-Rodríguez
Materials 2025, 18(3), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030625 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 704
Abstract
This study examines the adsorption and desorption behaviors of phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), fluoride (F), and chromium (Cr) in aqueous solutions on green materials such as cork bark (CB) and pine bark (PB). These materials are characterized by active functional groups and net [...] Read more.
This study examines the adsorption and desorption behaviors of phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), fluoride (F), and chromium (Cr) in aqueous solutions on green materials such as cork bark (CB) and pine bark (PB). These materials are characterized by active functional groups and net negative charges on their surfaces and porous structures. The evaluation considers variations in contaminant concentrations (0.01–10 mM) and pH (3.5–12). Cork bark exhibited higher adsorption capacity for As and F, while PB was more effective for P and Cr. Adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich and Langmuir models, indicating surface heterogeneity and multilayer adsorption for most potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Desorption tests demonstrated low rates, with CB retaining up to 99% of F and 85% of As, and PB achieving up to 86% retention for Cr and 70% for P. The influence of pH was minimal for As, P, and F, but acidic conditions significantly enhanced Cr adsorption, showing similar behavior for both biopowders. These findings suggest that CB and PB biopowders are promising, environmentally friendly biosorbents for the removal of PTEs from aqueous solutions. Their effectiveness varies depending on the specific contaminant. This study highlights the potential of these natural materials for sustainable applications in water treatment and soil remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition))
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26 pages, 4346 KiB  
Article
Effect of Diatomite Application on the Removal of Biogenic Pollutants in Rain Gardens
by Agnieszka Grela, Michał Łach, Justyna Pamuła, Karolina Łach, Izabela Godyń, Dagmara Malina, Zbigniew Wzorek, Kinga Setlak and Damian Grela
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246279 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1096
Abstract
Due to its structure and properties, diatomite from a deposit in Jawornik Ruski (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) can be used as a sorbent in rain gardens. The purpose of the current research is to analyze how enriching the substrate used in a rain garden with [...] Read more.
Due to its structure and properties, diatomite from a deposit in Jawornik Ruski (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) can be used as a sorbent in rain gardens. The purpose of the current research is to analyze how enriching the substrate used in a rain garden with diatomite can affect the removal of biogenic pollutants. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions using retention columns, two experimental columns with different contents of diatomite, and a control column without the addition of diatomite. Analyses of the materials used included studies of the characteristics of the rain garden layers (water permeability and granulometric analysis) and characterization of the diatomite (SEM images, oxide and phase composition, leachability, and BET). The effects of diatomite on pollutant removal were studied for NH4+, PO43−, NO3−. The results showed approximately 3-fold higher reductions in the concentration of NH4+ and PO43− in the columns with the addition of diatomite than in the control one (reduction in the concentration of NH4+ by 93 and 94% and of PO43− by 94 and 98% with the addition of 20 and 30% diatomite contents, respectively). The study results confirmed the possibility of removing contaminants using diatomite, thus reducing their entry into the aquatic environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition))
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9 pages, 1965 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Air Flow Rate on the Development of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Prepared from Macadamia Nut Shells
by Mirosław Kwiatkowski and Guojie Zhang
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246264 - 21 Dec 2024
Viewed by 527
Abstract
This paper presents the numerical analysis of the influence of air flow rate on the porous structure development of activated carbons prepared from macadamia nut shells. The analyses based on nitrogen and carbon dioxide isotherms were carried out by the new numerical clustering-based [...] Read more.
This paper presents the numerical analysis of the influence of air flow rate on the porous structure development of activated carbons prepared from macadamia nut shells. The analyses based on nitrogen and carbon dioxide isotherms were carried out by the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis method. Therefore, it was possible to evaluate the porous structure with high precision and reliability. In particular, the results obtained showed that activated carbon prepared at an air flow rate of 700 cm3/min has the highest adsorption capacity with respect to this adsorbate, but with surface heterogeneity. On the other hand, numerical analysis based on carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms showed that the activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity towards carbon dioxide is the sample obtained at an air flow rate of 500 cm3/min. The analyses conducted have shown that too high an air flow rate causes a violent oxidation reaction, leading to uncontrolled burning of the carbonaceous substance and destruction of the structure of the smallest micropores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 5456 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Effect of Ionic Liquid Conformation on the Selective CO2 Capture of Supported Ionic Liquid-Phase Adsorbents Based on ZIFs
by Charitomeni M. Veziri, George V. Theodorakopoulos, Konstantinos G. Beltsios and George E. Romanos
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194829 - 30 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 843
Abstract
The CO2 adsorption capacity and the CO2/N2 selectivity of a series of Supported Ionic Liquid-Phase adsorbents (SILPs), including the novel inversely structured SILP “Inverse SILPs”, are thoroughly investigated. ZIF-8, ZIF-69 and ZIF-70 were involved as the solid matrix, while [...] Read more.
The CO2 adsorption capacity and the CO2/N2 selectivity of a series of Supported Ionic Liquid-Phase adsorbents (SILPs), including the novel inversely structured SILP “Inverse SILPs”, are thoroughly investigated. ZIF-8, ZIF-69 and ZIF-70 were involved as the solid matrix, while ILs, having tricyanomethanide (TCM) as an anion and alkyl-methylimidazolium of different alkyl chain lengths (C2, C6, C8) as a cation, were used as the liquid constituents of the SILPs. The ultimate target of the work was to ratify a few recently reported cases of enhanced CO2 absorptivity in ILs due to their incorporation in ZIFs and to corroborate phenomena of CO2/N2 selectivity improvements in ZIFs, due to the presence of ILs. This ambiguity originates from the vague assumption that the pores of the ZIF are filled with the IL phase, and the free pore volume of a SILP is almost zero. Yet, through the integration of theoretical predictions with N2 porosimetry analysis of an actual sample, it is suggested that a thin layer of IL covered the exterior surface of a ZIF crystal. This layer could act as an impermeable barrier for N2, inhibiting the gas molecules from reaching the empty cavities laying underneath the liquid film during porosimetry analysis. This consideration is based on the fact that the solubility of N2 in the IL is very low, and the diffusivity at 77 K is negligible. In this context, the observed result reflects an averaged adsorptivity of both the IL phase and the empty pores of the ZIF. Therefore, it is incorrect to attribute the adsorption capacity of the SILP solely to the mass of the IL that ‘hypothetically’ nests inside the pore cavities. In fact, the CO2 adsorption capacity of SILPs is always less than the average adsorptivity of an ideal ZIF/IL mixture, where the two phases do not interact. This reduction occurs because some ZIF pores may become inaccessible, particularly when the IL forms a layer on the pore walls, leaving only a small empty core accessible to CO2 molecules. Additionally, the IL layer masks the active sites on the ZIF’s pore walls. It should also be noted that the CO2/N2 selectivity increases only when the ZIF’s pores are completely filled with the IL phase. This is because ILs have a higher CO2/N2 selectivity compared to the bare ZIF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 3962 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Wall Thickness and Absorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate(V) from Various Sources
by Andrzej Biessikirski, Grzegorz Piotr Kaczmarczyk, Łukasz Kuterasiński, Grzegorz Machowski, Agnieszka Stopkowicz and Małgorzata Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184618 - 20 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 833
Abstract
This study investigates the wall thickness and specific surface area (SBET) of ammonium nitrate(V) samples of varying provenance. The research focuses on both fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate(V) and three porous prill samples obtained from different manufacturers. The samples were analyzed using tomography [...] Read more.
This study investigates the wall thickness and specific surface area (SBET) of ammonium nitrate(V) samples of varying provenance. The research focuses on both fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate(V) and three porous prill samples obtained from different manufacturers. The samples were analyzed using tomography scanning and two distinct porosimetry methods. The wall thickness analysis revealed that fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate(V) possesses thicker walls, ranging from 0.05 to 0.40 mm, compared to porous prill-type ammonium nitrate(V), which predominantly exhibited wall thicknesses between 0.05 and 0.025 mm, with occasional thicker regions up to 0.040 mm. These variations in wall thickness are likely attributable to differences in manufacturing processes and prilling conditions specific to the ammonium nitrate(V) porous prill-type samples. The specific surface area (SBET), derived from nitrogen adsorption measurements, indicated that the samples exhibited surface areas ranging from 0.011 to 0.466 m2·g, suggesting that these samples do not exhibit particularly high absorption capacities. However, the SBET values obtained from the mercury intrusion method suggested significantly higher absorption capacities, falling within the range of 4.87–18.29 m2·g. These findings suggest that mercury porosimetry may provide a more accurate assessment of the porosity and absorption potential of ammonium nitrate(V) samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption Materials and Their Applications (2nd Edition))
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