From Structure to Function: Anatomical and Reproductive Studies in Native and Cultivated Horticultural Plants

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Propagation and Seeds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2026 | Viewed by 3953

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE–CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, CP 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
Interests: plant anatomy and embryology in angiosperms with emphasis on glandular structures
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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes CP 3400, Argentina
Interests: fruticulture; ecophysiology; subtropical environments

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anatomical, embryological, and reproductive studies provide critical insights into the development, productivity, and quality of horticultural crops. These approaches reveal how floral and fruit structures, reproductive processes, and developmental stages influence key agronomic traits such as the fruit set, seed viability, stress resilience, and propagation efficiency.

Such knowledge is particularly relevant for crops that are cultivated for their fruits, leaves, roots, or medicinal properties, including native and underutilized species with the potential for domestication. Structural studies also support applied research in plant breeding, reproductive physiology, biotechnology, and the management of plant–pathogen interactions. Histological analyses are able to link anatomical traits to physiological or genetic responses, informing crop enhancement and conservation strategies.

This Special Issue of Horticulturae welcomes the submission of original research articles and reviews that focus on the structural and reproductive biology of horticultural species—including fruit, leafy, medicinal, aromatic, ornamental, and native plants—relevant to genetics, biotechnology, stress physiology, propagation, and seed production. We especially welcome the submission of articles that explore emerging species and innovative methods that bridge fundamental biology and horticultural applications.

This Special Issue, entitled “From Structure to Function: Anatomical and Reproductive Studies in Native and Cultivated Horticultural Plants”, aims to present recent developments in plant anatomy, embryology and floral biology, as well as structural–functional studies that support innovation in horticultural science.

Prof. Dr. Ana Maria González
Prof. Dr. Paula Alayón-Luaces
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • embryology
  • floral biology
  • horticultural crops
  • native species
  • plant anatomy
  • propagation
  • reproductive development
  • seed production
  • structural biology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2309 KB  
Article
Seed Asymbiotic Germination Morphological Traits and Seedling Development in Cymbidium faberi Rolfe (Orchidaceae)
by Zhiqing Zhou, Siyu Han, Hao Huang and Zhixiong Liu
Horticulturae 2025, 11(12), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11121491 - 9 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1059
Abstract
Cymbidium faberi Rolfe is a Chinese flower famous due to its beautiful floral pattern and strong floral scent and is also a threatened terrestrial orchid. Moreover, the traditional propagation method through tillers and symbiotic seed germination with the correct fungus under nature conditions [...] Read more.
Cymbidium faberi Rolfe is a Chinese flower famous due to its beautiful floral pattern and strong floral scent and is also a threatened terrestrial orchid. Moreover, the traditional propagation method through tillers and symbiotic seed germination with the correct fungus under nature conditions could not meet conservation and commercial needs. Here, an efficient procedure for asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedlings development of C. faberi was successfully established through evaluation of time of seed collecting, seed pretreatments, light conditions and composition of culture media, respectively. Seed pretreatment with 1% NaClO for 30 min, dark culture on 1/4 MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L−1 6-BA and 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA for 30 days and subsequent long day condition (14 h light/10 h dark photoperiod) culture on this medium for 30 days could obviously enhance the seed germination rate of C. faberi. The highest germination rate (85.0 ± 0.79%) was achieved when seeds were collected at 120 d after cross-fertilization, and then germination percentages progressively decreased. Furthermore, histological analyses from protocorm formation to seedling growth were explored. This study not only offers a reliable and scalable system for mass propagation to meet commercial and conservation demands but also serves as a foundational reference for physiological and molecular studies in Cymbidium and related orchids. Full article
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22 pages, 5742 KB  
Article
Anther Ontogeny and Pollen Development in Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
by José María Recalde, Miguel Fernando Garavello, Paula Alayón Luaces and Ana María González
Horticulturae 2025, 11(11), 1278; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11111278 - 24 Oct 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1519
Abstract
Southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum, Ericaceae) enables production in warm, low-chill regions, where breeding success depends on precisely timed pollinations. To support breeding in non-traditional environments, we characterized floral staging, anther wall ontogeny, tubule formation, and pollen development in two SHB [...] Read more.
Southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum, Ericaceae) enables production in warm, low-chill regions, where breeding success depends on precisely timed pollinations. To support breeding in non-traditional environments, we characterized floral staging, anther wall ontogeny, tubule formation, and pollen development in two SHB cultivars (‘Emerald’, ‘Snowchaser’) grown in commercial orchards. Floral development was divided into seven stages: dormant buds (db), five successive floral-bud stages (botA–botE), and anthesis, based on bud size, corolla exposure and pigmentation, and anther/tubule coloration. Internal events were documented by light, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. External cues reliably separated stages and tracked male-gametophyte phases: meiosis at botB; callose-encased tetrads at botC; permanent tetrahedral tetrads after callose dissolution at botD; bicellular tetrads from botE to anthesis, released intact via poricidal dehiscence. Anther-wall differentiation followed a consistent sequence and lacked a fibrous, lignified endothecium. We therefore propose a new Ericaceous pattern for blueberry anthers, defined by a transient non-lignified subepidermal stratum. Tubules originated apically as solid outgrowths, hollowed centrifugally to a beveled pore, developed a dorsal supportive zone, and mediated poricidal release of permanent tetrads. No qualitative cultivar differences were detected. The staging framework defines operational windows for pollination, emasculation, and pollen handling in low-chill systems. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 753 KB  
Review
Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms That Control Ovule Development in Pomegranate
by Yujie Zhao, Hidenori Sassa, Ming Li, Yifei Miao, Xiaoyan Zhu, Pengbo Hao, Ran Wan, Kunxi Zhang, Liu Cong, Yawen Shen, Yu Liu, Miaomiao Wang, Jiangli Shi, Shangwei Song, Tuanhui Bai, Jian Jiao, Zhaohe Yuan and Xianbo Zheng
Horticulturae 2026, 12(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010026 - 26 Dec 2025
Viewed by 877
Abstract
Plant seed number depends on ovule number initiated within the carpels, and it serves as a primary factor shaping fruit yield. Pomegranate trees exhibit bisexual flowers and functional male flowers. Pomegranate have anatropous ovules which are bitegmic and crassinucellate. Bisexual flowers possess the [...] Read more.
Plant seed number depends on ovule number initiated within the carpels, and it serves as a primary factor shaping fruit yield. Pomegranate trees exhibit bisexual flowers and functional male flowers. Pomegranate have anatropous ovules which are bitegmic and crassinucellate. Bisexual flowers possess the fertile pistil, while functional male flowers have abnormally developed ovules, a small ovary with few chambers, and a short style. The formation of functional male flowers is due to abnormal and stagnant development of ovule integument. Ovule number directly determines the yield of pomegranate seeds. Recent studies have highlighted the molecular mechanisms through which ovule-related genes regulate pomegranate ovule development. Pomegranate PgCRC and PgINO genes positively regulate the increase in the number of ovules, and PgBEL1 to synergistically regulate seed development. PgAGL11 (the SEEDSTICK orthologous gene) promotes ovule development in transgenic Arabidopsis. PgSEP protein can bridge interactions among PgBEL1, PgSTK and PgAG, which regulate ovule development. At the level of post-transcriptional regulation, PgmiRNA167, PgmiRNA164 and PgmiRNA160 are differentially expressed during pomegranate flower development, and PgmiR166a interacts with its target genes to affect ovule development. This review summarizes the key regulators of ovule development and their molecular pathways, integrating these interactions into a model that describes pomegranate ovule development. Full article
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