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Power Quality and Disturbances in Modern Distribution Networks

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 April 2025 | Viewed by 3628

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
Interests: control of power electronic converters applied to renewable energy sources; smart grids; power systems; power quality and energy efficiency
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
Interests: microgrids (AC/DC/hybrid); electric transportation technologies; energy management systems; wind and PV grid connected systems; control and management of distributed generation and energy storage systems; smart grids; IoT applied to smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Several key strategies are currently being adopted to meet the drive towards energy decarbonisation. These strategies include the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage into the utility grid, power-to-X technologies, the electrification of transport and the use of advanced, more efficient power electronic converters for sustainable energy use. As the adoption of these technologies is growing exponentially, the energy generation paradigm is shifting from conventional synchronous generators to inverter-based power sources, while the nature of the loads is changing from linear to non-linear. This shift is affecting the power quality of the supply, thereby affecting the reliable operation of electrical networks and consumer equipment. The most common power quality disturbances manifest as harmonics/interharmonics, dips, swells, transients and asymmetrical variations. These events are leading to dramatic changes in the operation of modern distribution networks and have prompted the need for effective power quality management through continuous monitoring, analysis and mitigation. This approach is critical to ensure a reliable and stable power supply.

This Special Issue of Energies seeks to outline the power quality issues in modern distribution systems, emphasising their significance in the present and future generation scenarios. We invite contributions that express new concepts and research findings on possible mitigation measures for present and envisaged scenarios. The following is a non-exhaustive list of topics of interest for this Special Issue:

  • Monitoring, analysis and mitigation of power disturbances;
  • Identification of harmonic sources;
  • Techniques for the provision of power system virtual/synthetic inertia;
  • Advanced control of power converters;
  • Grid-following/forming inverters for power quality enhancement;
  • Active voltage compensation systems;
  • Active filtering of harmonics and harmonic compensation techniques;
  • Enhancing power quality through energy storage systems;
  • Power quality in microgrids.

Dr. John Licari
Dr. Alexander Micallef
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power quality disturbance
  • harmonics
  • power system virtual/synthetic inertia
  • power converters control
  • microgrid power quality

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

40 pages, 19433 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Power System Using Hybrid PSO-AHA Optimizer
by Waqar Younis, Muhammad Zubair Yameen, Abu Tayab, Hafiz Ghulam Murtza Qamar, Ehab Ghith and Mehdi Tlija
Energies 2024, 17(16), 3962; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163962 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 963
Abstract
The integration of nonconventional energy sources such as solar, wind, and fuel cells into electrical power networks introduces significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability and consistent tie-line power flows. These fluctuations can adversely affect the quality and reliability of power supplied to consumers. [...] Read more.
The integration of nonconventional energy sources such as solar, wind, and fuel cells into electrical power networks introduces significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability and consistent tie-line power flows. These fluctuations can adversely affect the quality and reliability of power supplied to consumers. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller optimized through a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization–Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (PSO-AHA) approach. The PID controller is tuned using the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as a fitness function to enhance control performance. The PSO-AHA-PID controller’s effectiveness is evaluated in two networks: a two-area thermal tie-line interconnected power system (IPS) and a one-area multi-source power network incorporating thermal, solar, wind, and fuel cell sources. Comparative analyses under various operational conditions, including parameter variations and load changes, demonstrate the superior performance of the PSO-AHA-PID controller over the conventional PSO-PID controller. Statistical results indicate that in the one-area multi-source network, the PSO-AHA-PID controller achieves a 76.6% reduction in overshoot, an 88.9% reduction in undershoot, and a 97.5% reduction in settling time compared to the PSO-PID controller. In the dual-area system, the PSO-AHA-PID controller reduces the overshoot by 75.2%, reduces the undershoot by 85.7%, and improves the fall time by 71.6%. These improvements provide a robust and reliable solution for enhancing the stability of interconnected power systems in the presence of diverse and variable energy sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Disturbances in Modern Distribution Networks)
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19 pages, 4822 KiB  
Article
A Grid-Wide Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Power Quality Based on Complex Network Theory
by Yang Xiang, Yan Lin, Yan Zhang, Jinchen Lan, Meimei Hao, Lianhui Wang, Jiang Wang and Liang Qin
Energies 2024, 17(13), 3193; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133193 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 561
Abstract
To achieve a hierarchical and quantitative evaluation of grid-wide power quality in the distribution network, reflecting the overall power quality level of the distribution network, a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality in a grid-wide system based on complex network theory is proposed. [...] Read more.
To achieve a hierarchical and quantitative evaluation of grid-wide power quality in the distribution network, reflecting the overall power quality level of the distribution network, a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality in a grid-wide system based on complex network theory is proposed. Firstly, based on the propagation characteristics of power quality disturbances, a power quality evaluation index system is constructed. Secondly, to reflect the constraint effect of the local power quality level of nodes on the overall power quality level of the distribution system, corresponding indices such as improved node degree, improved node electrical betweenness, and node self-healing capability are proposed based on complex network theory, and the power quality influence degree of nodes is calculated. Then, the GRA-ANP (Grey Relational Analysis–Analytic Network Process) subjective weight calculation method is improved by introducing grey relational analysis to address the impact of differences in different decision-making results. Based on power quality monitoring data, the entropy weight method is used for objective weighting. To avoid the partiality of a single weight evaluation result, the game equilibrium algorithm is employed to calculate the comprehensive weight of each power quality index. Subsequently, considering the correlation and dependency among indices, the VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method is used to obtain the power quality grade of each node. Combining this with the calculation of the power quality influence degree of nodes, the overall power quality grade of the distribution network is determined, achieving a hierarchical and quantitative evaluation of power quality in the entire distribution system. Finally, through a case study analysis of an improved 13-node distribution network, it is verified that the proposed method can fully extract data information and produce comprehensive and accurate power quality assessment results by comparing it with other methods. This provides strong support for the safe and stable operation of the distribution system and the subsequent optimization and management of power quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Disturbances in Modern Distribution Networks)
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14 pages, 8974 KiB  
Article
Effect of Phase Shifting on Real-Time Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances
by Enrique Reyes-Archundia, Wuqiang Yang, Jose A. Gutiérrez Gnecchi, Javier Rodríguez-Herrejón, Juan C. Olivares-Rojas and Aldo V. Rico-Medina
Energies 2024, 17(10), 2281; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102281 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 859
Abstract
Power quality improvement and Power quality disturbance (PQD) detection are two significant concerns that must be addressed to ensure an efficient power distribution within the utility grid. When the process to analyze PQD is migrated to real-time platforms, the possible occurrence of a [...] Read more.
Power quality improvement and Power quality disturbance (PQD) detection are two significant concerns that must be addressed to ensure an efficient power distribution within the utility grid. When the process to analyze PQD is migrated to real-time platforms, the possible occurrence of a phase mismatch can affect the algorithm’s accuracy; this paper evaluates phase shifting as an additional stage in signal acquisition for detecting and classifying eight types of single power quality disturbances. According to their mathematical models, a set of disturbances was generated using an arbitrary waveform generator BK Precision 4064. The acquisition, detection, and classification stages were embedded into a BeagleBone Black. The detection stage was performed using multiresolution analysis. The feature vectors of the acquired signals were obtained from the combination of Shannon entropy and log-energy entropy. For classification purposes, four types of classifiers were trained: multilayer perceptron, K-nearest neighbors, probabilistic neural network, and decision tree. The results show that incorporating a phase-shifting stage as a preprocessing stage significantly improves the classification accuracy in all cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Disturbances in Modern Distribution Networks)
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16 pages, 1048 KiB  
Article
Influence of Background Voltage Distortion on Operation of Passive Harmonic Compensation Devices
by Aleksandr Skamyin, Yaroslav Shklyarskiy and Ilya Gurevich
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061342 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 828
Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of assessing the influence of external distortion sources on the functioning of a shunt passive harmonic filter. In this study, we evaluated the overload of a passive harmonic filter based on determining the contributions of distortion sources. A [...] Read more.
This paper discusses the issues of assessing the influence of external distortion sources on the functioning of a shunt passive harmonic filter. In this study, we evaluated the overload of a passive harmonic filter based on determining the contributions of distortion sources. A method was proposed for assessing the contributions of distortion sources, which allowed us, regardless of background distortions, to determine the contributions of consumer loads, as well as the contribution of background distortions. The simulation was carried out using the Simulink MatLab software (version R2023a). Several scenarios were considered in which the following values were varied: supply feeder impedance, level of background distortions, consumer electrical load composition, and passive filter parameters. It was found that the contribution of the background distortion source decreases with increasing impedance of the supply grid. It was determined that the consumer load contribution is independent of background voltage harmonics and can be used to estimate the overload of a passive harmonic filter. It was shown that it is necessary to take into account the overload of the passive filter by currents from background distortion sources, which did not exceed 135% of the rated rms current for the conditions under consideration. A mathematical model was proposed to estimate the overload of a passive filter in the presence of background voltage distortions. This model was obtained during analytical studies and allows one to evaluate the overload of a passive filter, taking into account the short circuit ratio, detuning frequency and power of the passive filter, and the share contribution of background distortion sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Disturbances in Modern Distribution Networks)
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