European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

23 pages, 1420 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Deficits in Duration Estimation in Individuals Aged 10–20 Years Old with Idiopathic Mild Intellectual Disability: The Role of Inhibition, Shifting, and Processing Speed

by Elsa Gourlat, Anne-Claire Rattat and Cédric T. Albinet

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080156 (registering DOI) - 11 Aug 2025

Abstract

Time perception, especially duration estimation, plays a crucial role in the organization of behavior across development. Despite its importance, the cognitive mechanisms underlying impaired duration estimation remain insufficiently explored. Recently, the role of cognitive functions, such as executive functions, has been demonstrated in [...] Read more.

Time perception, especially duration estimation, plays a crucial role in the organization of behavior across development. Despite its importance, the cognitive mechanisms underlying impaired duration estimation remain insufficiently explored. Recently, the role of cognitive functions, such as executive functions, has been demonstrated in duration estimation. In the present study, the duration estimation, inhibition, shifting, and processing speed performances of participants with idiopathic mild intellectual disability (MID) without associated disorders (N = 79), aged between 10 and 20 years, were compared with those of typical participants (N = 81). The results show that the individuals with MID had difficulties in all cognitive functions (with the exception of one shifting task). Moreover, our results highlight—for the first time—the role of inhibition abilities and processing speed not only in the increase in duration estimation abilities with age, but also in the deficits observed in MID. To conclude, deficits in duration estimation in MID are due to an impairment of other cognitive functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Subjective Time: Cognition, Emotion and Beyond)

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20 pages, 356 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation on Workplace Violence in an Infectious Disease Hospital: A Mixed-Methods Study from the Perspectives of Healthcare Workers and Patients

by Yuting Tang, Min Zhang, Chuning He, Yiming Huang, Xinxin Fang, Xuechun Wang, Fuyuan Wang and Yiran Zhang

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080155 - 11 Aug 2025

Abstract

Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) in infectious disease hospitals, particularly in high-risk settings, remains a critical yet understudied occupational hazard. A mixed-methods study was conducted at a Chinese infectious disease hospital, combining quantitative surveys (N = 675) and semi-structured interviews (28 [...] Read more.

Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) in infectious disease hospitals, particularly in high-risk settings, remains a critical yet understudied occupational hazard. A mixed-methods study was conducted at a Chinese infectious disease hospital, combining quantitative surveys (N = 675) and semi-structured interviews (28 HCWs, 17 patients/families). Logistic regression was used to analyze WPV incidence and predictors, while a thematic analysis of interview data identified contextual drivers. Psychological violence (34.1%) was significantly more prevalent than physical violence (2.2%), with outpatient departments (44.1%) and temporary staff (OR = 1.72) at the highest risk. Qualitative themes revealed systemic triggers, including communication breakdowns, environmental stressors, and organizational gaps in safety protocols and reporting. This study addressed a critical gap by incorporating the perspectives of HCWs and patients, revealing that WPV perceptions vary due to differing expectations and experiences. From these results, the CARE (Communication, Advocacy, Respect, Education) framework proposes actionable strategies: standardized SBAR communication protocols, enhanced security protocols in high-risk units, and mandatory anti-violence training. These findings underscore the need to strengthen the occupational health system to mitigate WPV and to improve healthcare quality. Full article

16 pages, 477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychological Well-Being Among Older Chinese Migrants in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study on Structural and Psychosocial Resources

by Xinyao Huang, Chawisa Suradom, Kelvin C. Y. Leung, Tinakon Wongpakaran and Rewadee Jenraumjit

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080154 - 10 Aug 2025

Abstract

Despite the growing number of older adults engaging in voluntary migration, there is a lack of knowledge about their psychological well-being in cross-cultural contexts. This cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with psychological well-being among older Chinese migrants residing in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Between [...] Read more.

Despite the growing number of older adults engaging in voluntary migration, there is a lack of knowledge about their psychological well-being in cross-cultural contexts. This cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with psychological well-being among older Chinese migrants residing in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Between December 2024 and February 2025, 204 Chinese migrants aged 60 and above who had resided in Chiang Mai for at least six months participated in a survey in Chinese. The survey measured sociodemographic and psychosocial factors including perceived health, income, marital status, number of co-residing family members, social support, acculturative stress, sense of mastery, and loneliness. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender (female) (p = 0.006), better perceived health status (p = 0.021), higher income (p = 0.007), more co-residing family members (p = 0.037), a greater sense of mastery (p = 0.009), and lower levels of loneliness (p < 0.001) were each independently associated with better psychological well-being. In contrast, neither general family support nor acculturative stress was a statistically significant predictor. These findings highlight the significant roles of financial security, family co-residence, personal empowerment, and social connectedness in shaping overall well-being. Strategies to improve psychological well-being in this population should focus on strengthening emotional connectedness, supporting the development of meaningful family and social relationships, and supporting economic stability. Full article

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18 pages, 316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Health Literacy Gaps Across Language Groups: A Population-Based Assessment in Alto Adige/South Tyrol, Italy

by Dietmar Ausserhofer, Verena Barbieri, Stefano Lombardo, Timon Gärtner, Klaus Eisendle, Giuliano Piccoliori, Adolf Engl and Christian J. Wiedermann

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080153 - 9 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Health literacy is crucial for effectively navigating health systems and promoting equitable health outcomes. Multilingual and culturally dual regions present unique challenges for health communication; however, disparities in health literacy within such contexts remain insufficiently explored. This study constitutes the first population-based assessment [...] Read more.

Health literacy is crucial for effectively navigating health systems and promoting equitable health outcomes. Multilingual and culturally dual regions present unique challenges for health communication; however, disparities in health literacy within such contexts remain insufficiently explored. This study constitutes the first population-based assessment of health literacy in Alto Adige/South Tyrol, a bilingual province in northern Italy, utilizing the validated HLS-EU-Q16 instrument. A stratified random sample of 2090 residents aged 18 and older was surveyed in 2024. Weighted analyses ensured population representativeness, and scores were analyzed overall, by domain (health care, disease prevention, health promotion), and by language group (German, Italian, multilingual). Regression models incorporating sociodemographic and health-related covariates were employed to identify predictors of health literacy. Half of the population (50.0%) exhibited problematic or inadequate health literacy, with significant differences observed across language groups. Italian speakers demonstrated the highest scores, whereas German speakers scored lowest overall. These differences remained significant after adjustment for age, education, chronic illness, and professional background. Domain-specific analyses revealed distinct patterns: German-speaking respondents scored particularly low in the health promotion domain, while multilingual individuals achieved the highest scores in the prevention and promotion domains. Education level and language background emerged as the strongest predictors of health literacy, while most other covariates exhibited limited explanatory power. The findings underscore the necessity for language-sensitive and domain-specific interventions, highlighting health literacy as both a personal skill and a structural responsibility. Full article

24 pages, 2572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DIALOGUE: A Generative AI-Based Pre–Post Simulation Study to Enhance Diagnostic Communication in Medical Students Through Virtual Type 2 Diabetes Scenarios

by Ricardo Xopan Suárez-García, Quetzal Chavez-Castañeda, Rodrigo Orrico-Pérez, Sebastián Valencia-Marin, Ari Evelyn Castañeda-Ramírez, Efrén Quiñones-Lara, Claudio Adrián Ramos-Cortés, Areli Marlene Gaytán-Gómez, Jonathan Cortés-Rodríguez, Jazel Jarquín-Ramírez, Nallely Guadalupe Aguilar-Marchand, Graciela Valdés-Hernández, Tomás Eduardo Campos-Martínez, Alonso Vilches-Flores, Sonia Leon-Cabrera, Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz, Brenda Ofelia Jay-Jímenez and Héctor Iván Saldívar-Cerón

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080152 - 7 Aug 2025

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Abstract

DIALOGUE (DIagnostic AI Learning through Objective Guided User Experience) is a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)-based training program designed to enhance diagnostic communication skills in medical students. In this single-arm pre–post study, we evaluated whether DIALOGUE could improve students’ ability to disclose a type [...] Read more.

DIALOGUE (DIagnostic AI Learning through Objective Guided User Experience) is a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)-based training program designed to enhance diagnostic communication skills in medical students. In this single-arm pre–post study, we evaluated whether DIALOGUE could improve students’ ability to disclose a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis with clarity, structure, and empathy. Thirty clinical-phase students completed two pre-test virtual encounters with an AI-simulated patient (ChatGPT, GPT-4o), scored by blinded raters using an eight-domain rubric. Participants then engaged in ten asynchronous GenAI scenarios with automated natural-language feedback. Seven days later, they completed two post-test consultations with human standardized patients, again evaluated with the same rubric. Mean total performance increased by 36.7 points (95% CI: 31.4–42.1; p < 0.001), and the proportion of high-performing students rose from 0% to 70%. Gains were significant across all domains, most notably in opening the encounter, closure, and diabetes specific explanation. Multiple regression showed that lower baseline empathy (β = −0.41, p = 0.005) and higher digital self-efficacy (β = 0.35, p = 0.016) independently predicted greater improvement; gender had only a marginal effect. Cluster analysis revealed three learner profiles, with the highest-gain group characterized by low empathy and high digital self-efficacy. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC ≈ 0.90). These findings provide empirical evidence that GenAI-mediated training can meaningfully enhance diagnostic communication and may serve as a scalable, individualized adjunct to conventional medical education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in Heath, Psychology and Education)

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14 pages, 475 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Shame: The Mediating Role of Dissociation

by Gianluca Santoro, Lucia Sideli, Alessandro Musetti and Adriano Schimmenti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080151 - 7 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Previous research has found significant associations among childhood trauma, dissociation, and shame. Furthermore, the clinical literature suggests that dissociation may foster feelings of shame in individuals who were exposed to childhood trauma. The current study aimed to test the potential mediating effect of [...] Read more.

Previous research has found significant associations among childhood trauma, dissociation, and shame. Furthermore, the clinical literature suggests that dissociation may foster feelings of shame in individuals who were exposed to childhood trauma. The current study aimed to test the potential mediating effect of dissociation on the association between childhood trauma and shame. The study sample consisted of 763 adults (479 females, 62.8%) from the general Italian population, aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 31.31, SD = 13.29). Self-report instruments assessing childhood trauma, dissociation, and shame were administered to participants via an anonymous online survey. Structural equation modeling showed that childhood trauma was associated with increased levels of both dissociation and shame. Moreover, dissociation partially mediated the predictive association between childhood trauma and shame. These findings suggest that dissociation might heighten the tendency to unconsciously reenact self-devaluation and self-blame in individuals exposed to childhood trauma, increasing feelings of shame. Full article

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17 pages, 357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictors of Proclivity, Enjoyment, and Acceptance of Non-Consensual Intimate-Image Distribution Among Greek University Students

by Constantinos M. Kokkinos, Theano-Athina Papioti and Ioanna Voulgaridou

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080150 - 4 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Objectives: The present study investigated proclivity for non-consensual intimate-image distribution and its related dimensions—enjoyment and acceptance—in relation to key demographic and relational variables, including gender, age, sexual orientation, frequency of dating app use, and current romantic relationship status. Methods: A total of 1735 [...] Read more.

Objectives: The present study investigated proclivity for non-consensual intimate-image distribution and its related dimensions—enjoyment and acceptance—in relation to key demographic and relational variables, including gender, age, sexual orientation, frequency of dating app use, and current romantic relationship status. Methods: A total of 1735 Greek university students (mean age = 22 years, standard deviation = 6.18; 35.2 percent male) participated in an anonymous online survey. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine the associations and predictive value of the demographic variables on proclivity, enjoyment, and acceptance of non-consensual intimate-image distribution. Results: Men, younger participants, and those who reported more frequent use of dating applications or websites demonstrated higher proclivity for non-consensual intimate-image distribution. Gender and frequency of dating app use were also significant predictors of enjoyment, with men and frequent users reporting greater enjoyment. Regarding acceptance, sexual orientation was the only significant predictor, with non-heterosexual individuals indicating higher levels of acceptance. Romantic relationship status did not significantly predict any of the three outcome variables. Conclusions: These findings highlight the significance of gender, age, sexual orientation, and dating app engagement in understanding the psychological and behavioral dimensions of non-consensual intimate-image distribution. The results support the need for targeted prevention efforts and further research into the contextual and psychosocial factors associated with this form of image-based abuse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological and Social Influences on Satisfaction in Couple Relationships)

24 pages, 2839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Personality Assessment Inventory in Fibromyalgia: Links to Functional, Physical–Somatic, and Emotional Impact

by Andrea Doreste, Jesus Pujol, Eva Penelo, Víctor Pérez, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Gerard Martínez-Vilavella, Fabiola Ojeda, Jordi Monfort and Joan Deus

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080149 - 1 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and psychological symptoms. Patients often present distinct personality traits and psychopathological patterns associated with symptom severity. Objective: To examine psychopathological profiles in FM patients based on functional, physical–somatic, and [...] Read more.

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and psychological symptoms. Patients often present distinct personality traits and psychopathological patterns associated with symptom severity. Objective: To examine psychopathological profiles in FM patients based on functional, physical–somatic, and emotional impairment domains, as well as on cumulative disease severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 70 women clinically diagnosed with FM at a specialized Fibromyalgia Unit. Psychological functioning was assessed using the Personality Assessment Inventory, and disease impact was measured with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. Hierarchical cluster analyses were used to classify participants into mild and severe clusters across FIQ domains, and psychological profiles were compared. Results: Patients with severe functional impairment had more affective dysregulation (76.43 vs. 70.20, p < 0.01) and somatic complaints (85.57 vs. 79.76, p < 0.05) than those with mild impairment. The severe–physical cluster showed greater mood instability, somatization, and suicidal ideation (60.94 vs. 53.61, p < 0.05). The severe–emotional cluster had higher rates of major depression (85.71% vs. 64.28%) and persistent depressive disorder (76.19% vs. 70.61%, p < 0.05). Severe showed more emotional instability and somatization, distinguishing it from mild. Greater cumulative severity intensified depressive and somatic disorders. Discussion: Findings support FM’s biopsychosocial profile, where emotional distress may relate to psychological and physical symptoms, reinforcing the need for personalized, multidisciplinary care and comprehensive assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Adaptation in Chronic Illness: Risky Factors and Resilience)

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20 pages, 538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Segmenting Preventive Health Behavior: Gender Disparities and Psychosocial Predictors in a Culturally Diverse Italian Region

by Dietmar Ausserhofer, Verena Barbieri, Stefano Lombardo, Timon Gärtner, Klaus Eisendle, Giuliano Piccoliori, Adolf Engl and Christian J. Wiedermann

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080148 - 31 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Grounded in health behavior theory, this study examined patterns of preventive health behavior in a culturally diverse, multilingual region of northern Italy using data from a representative population survey (n = 2090). Preventive behaviors were assessed using the 16-item Good Health Practices [...] Read more.

Grounded in health behavior theory, this study examined patterns of preventive health behavior in a culturally diverse, multilingual region of northern Italy using data from a representative population survey (n = 2090). Preventive behaviors were assessed using the 16-item Good Health Practices (GHP-16) scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified five behavioral profiles, ranging from ‘Globally Low Engagers’ to ‘Comprehensive High Engagers’. Binary logistic regression compared ‘Globally Low Engagers’ to ‘Broadly Moderate Preventers’, examining predictors including gender, age, education, language, chronic disease status, health literacy (HLS-EU-Q16), patient activation (PAM-10), mistrust of health information, living situation, and healthcare employment. The results showed that men, younger adults, individuals with low patient activation, those living alone, and respondents with high mistrust of health information had higher odds of belonging to the low engagement group. Health literacy and language group membership were not significantly associated with the profile membership. Item-level comparisons revealed gender differences in information-seeking, oral hygiene, and dietary behaviors, with men reporting lower engagement. These findings support a segmentation-based understanding of preventive health behavior and highlight the need to address personal capacities and contextual barriers in interventions while challenging assumptions of uniformly higher female health vigilance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advancing the Knowledge and Application of Health Behavior Theories)

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18 pages, 801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Reaction to Diagnosis Questionnaire—Sibling Version: A Preliminary Study on the Psychometric Properties

by Chiara Martis, Annalisa Levante and Flavia Lecciso

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080147 - 29 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Background: The diagnosis of a disability in a child may significantly impact the entire family system. While existing literature has primarily focused on parental reaction to the diagnosis, little is known about how typically developing siblings process this event. Methods: This exploratory study [...] Read more.

Background: The diagnosis of a disability in a child may significantly impact the entire family system. While existing literature has primarily focused on parental reaction to the diagnosis, little is known about how typically developing siblings process this event. Methods: This exploratory study presented the preliminary psychometric properties of the Reaction to Diagnosis Questionnaire—Sibling Version, adapted from an instrument originally designed to assess parental reaction to the child’s diagnosis. Following a back-translation and adaptation process, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 623 typically developing siblings (M = 24.6 years, SD = 5.76) of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders or physical disabilities. Results: Exploratory factor analyses supported a refined 32-item questionnaire with two factors—lack of resolution versus resolution, both showing excellent internal reliability. No significant differences were found based on typically developing sibling sex, age, or type of disability of the brother/sister, while correlational analyses indicated that greater disability severity was associated with lower resolution and higher lack of resolution. Conclusions: Results suggested that the Reaction to Diagnosis Questionnaire—Sibling Version is a promising tool for assessing the reaction to the brother/sister diagnosis on behalf of the typically developing siblings. Further research is needed to confirm these results and inform intervention programs promoting well-being and adaptive family functioning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Adaptation in Chronic Illness: Risky Factors and Resilience)

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14 pages, 857 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leaving School: A Healthy Transition in Late Adolescence?

by Max Herke

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080146 - 25 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Background: Adolescents’ subjective well-being (SWB) is a key indicator of quality of life. While its development during schooling has been widely studied, few studies have examined changes in SWB after leaving school due to the need for longitudinal data. This study investigates changes [...] Read more.

Background: Adolescents’ subjective well-being (SWB) is a key indicator of quality of life. While its development during schooling has been widely studied, few studies have examined changes in SWB after leaving school due to the need for longitudinal data. This study investigates changes in SWB among adolescents in Germany over the two years before and after leaving school, focusing on school type, socioeconomic position, gender, and family structure. Methods: We use data from the ninth-grade cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study, first surveyed in 2010 and followed annually. Growth modeling (specifically, a multilevel discontinuity model) is applied to analyze SWB trajectories and potential moderation by background characteristics. The final sample includes 19,767 observations from 6599 individuals. Results: SWB increases notably after leaving school and remains stable before and after the transition. The increase is smaller for adolescents completing higher secondary education, living in nuclear families, or identifying as male. These groups report higher SWB prior to the transition, so post-school changes reduce group differences. Conclusion: The findings suggest that schools may lack adequate resources to support adolescents in mastering key developmental challenges. While school is a critical environment, it may also impose pressures that are associated with lower well-being. Full article

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10 pages, 481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Problematic Internet Use: Measurement and Structural Invariance Across Sex and Academic Year Cohorts

by Mateo Pérez-Wiesner, Kora-Mareen Bühler and Jose Antonio López-Moreno

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080145 - 22 Jul 2025

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Abstract

The extensive use of digital media among adolescents has raised concerns about its impact on emotional development and mental health. Understanding the psychological factors behind problematic digital media use is essential for effective prevention. This study examined whether the relationships between emotion regulation [...] Read more.

The extensive use of digital media among adolescents has raised concerns about its impact on emotional development and mental health. Understanding the psychological factors behind problematic digital media use is essential for effective prevention. This study examined whether the relationships between emotion regulation (negative and positive), compulsive use, cognitive preoccupation, and negative outcomes linked to digital media are consistent across sex and academic year. We used a cross-sectional design with 2357 adolescents (12–16 years old) from Compulsory Secondary Education. Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing problematic digital media use, and associated consequences in four domains: internet, video games, social networking, and messaging. Four structural equation models (SEMs), each focused on a media type, tested whether these relationships remained stable across sex and academic year. All models showed good fit, and differences between groups were minimal, supporting valid comparisons. Results confirm that emotion regulation difficulties and problematic digital media use are consistently associated with negative outcomes in all adolescents, regardless of sex or academic level. Preventive strategies targeting emotional regulation and digital media behaviors may be broadly applied to reduce emotional and functional problems related to excessive media use. Full article

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14 pages, 539 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Grittier and More Hopeful About the Future? A Nine-Month School-Based Longitudinal Study on Grit and Adolescent Possible Selves

by Shimin Zhu and Chongzeng Bi

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(8), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15080144 - 22 Jul 2025

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Abstract

The changes in adolescents’ visions for the future are important to adolescents’ developmental trajectories, motivation, and educational outcomes, yet understudied. This study examined the change in possible selves and its association with grit during school closure and life interruption during COVID-19. We conducted [...] Read more.

The changes in adolescents’ visions for the future are important to adolescents’ developmental trajectories, motivation, and educational outcomes, yet understudied. This study examined the change in possible selves and its association with grit during school closure and life interruption during COVID-19. We conducted a school-based longitudinal survey among 1577 students (Mage = 13.05, SD = 0.86) from 12 secondary schools at the start and end of an academic year prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic with a 9-month interval. Demographic, grit, socioeconomic status (SES), self-control, and possible selves were measured. Paired t-tests indicated a significant decrease in academic possible selves and strategies. Hierarchical regression analysis results show that participants with higher grit scores reported higher academic and life possible selves; in particular, the effect of grit–perseverance was stronger than grit–passion after controlling self-control. SES moderated the effect of grit–passion on academic possible selves. The current longitudinal study provides important implications for education and youth social work practice for young people growing up with the influence of the pandemic. Full article

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Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 15, Issue 8 (August 2025) – 13 articles

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