Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 16924

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Radiodiagnostics and Interventional Imaging, Polyclinics ELSAN Group, PolyClinics Les Fleurs, Quartier Quiez, 83189 Ollioules, France
Interests: central venous catheter port; PICC line; superior vena cava syndrome; head and neck cancer; thyroid malignancy; fine needle aspiration cytology; core needle biopsy; thoracic oncology
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Guest Editor
Hôpital Américain de Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Interests: endocrine tumors; percutaneous thermal ablation

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Guest Editor
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ospedale Regina Apostolorum, Albano, Rome, Italy
Interests: endocrinology; thyroid nodule; radiofrequency ablation; ultrasound

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue regarding is to report the recent innovations regarding the full diagnosis and  management of the wide spectrum of thyroid malignancies.

The most common oncology types are of good prognosis, including papillary and follicular carcinomas, often grouped together and referred to as well-differentiated thyroid cancers representing roughly three-quarters of thyroid malignancies. Medullary thyroid carcinomas, metastases to the thyroid gland, dedifferentiated thyroid cancers, malignant thyroid lymphomas, and anaplastic carcinomas are of less and less favorable prognosis.

This issue will leave full expression for fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology new scoring, novel Bethesda system, novel histopathology classification of thyroid malignancies, and emphasize the utility of thyroid nodule FNA calcitonin assay to reach a full diagnosis of medullary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Novel techniques of thyroid surgery aim to be minimally invasive and spare the thyroid organ as far as possible. They include the management of robotic surgery as well as dedicated and limited lymph node surgical dissection techniques.

On the one hand, papillary microcarcinoma patients may be eligible for minimally invasive surgery, percutaneous thermal ablation in dedicated cases (case-by-case basis), or even active surveillance. On the other hand, extensive surgery indication should be discussed in larger aggressive tumors in the absence of contraindication, in association with radio iodine therapeutic scintigraphy, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy/immunotherapy.

This Special Issue also will provide insights into novel scintigraphy techniques and indications, an overview of radiation therapy techniques and indications in the “good, bad and ugly thyroid gland”, novelties in medical oncology therapies, including immunotherapy and the novel place of thyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.

Some fairly typical clinical cases will highlight the role of pre-operative ultrasound diagnosis of jugular vein invasion (to be included in the pre-operative checklist) by using novel technology, of an exceptional Richter thyroid syndrome diagnosed by using ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy and report a clinical reversible paraneoplastic syndrome of malignant thyroid origin.

At last, an update on percutaneous thermo ablative procedure techniques of papillary microcarcinomas and distant metastasis in oligo metastatic cancer patients will be discussed.

Suggested themes and article types for submissions

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Novelties in pre operative ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.
  • Early diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.
  • Microcarcinomas of thyroid gland, diagnosis and management.
  • Medullary thyroid carcinomas diagnosis in. the grey zone of serum calcitonin level.
  • Optimal management of malignant lymphoma, anaplastic carcinomas of thyroid gland.
  • Metastases to thyroid gland.
  • Surgical treatment modalities in thyroid oncology.
  • Radiation therapy novelties.
  • Medical therapy novelties in aggressive thyroid tumors.
  • Percutaneous thermal ablative techniques, past present and future.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Pierre Yves Marcy
Dr. Édouard Ghanassia
Prof. Dr. Enrico Papini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • papillary thyroid carcinoma
  • radiation therapy
  • thyroid microcarcinoma
  • Bethesda system
  • fine needle aspiration
  • calcitonin assay
  • anaplastic carcinoma
  • malignant lymphoma
  • immunotherapy
  • medullary thyroid carcinoma
  • venous malignant thrombus
  • percutaneous thermal ablation

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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6 pages, 219 KiB  
Editorial
Transitioning from Traditional Academic Decision Making to Patient-Centric Healthcare Choices: The Example of Thyroid Thermal Ablation Techniques for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas
by Hervé Monpeyssen
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(11), 9670-9675; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30110701 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1188
Abstract
Percutaneous thermal ablation techniques (TATs) have contributed to improving thyroid tumor management for almost twenty years [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management)

Research

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10 pages, 609 KiB  
Article
Molecular Markers in Follicular and Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinomas: Clinical Application of Molecular Genetic Testing
by Alicia Belaiche, Grégoire B. Morand, Sena Turkdogan, Esther ShinHyun Kang, Véronique-Isabelle Forest, Marc P. Pusztaszeri, Michael P. Hier, Alex M. Mlynarek, Keith Richardson, Nader Sadeghi, Marco A. Mascarella, Sabrina D. Da Silva and Richard J. Payne
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(10), 5919-5928; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31100441 - 1 Oct 2024
Viewed by 645
Abstract
Background: Oncocytic thyroid carcinoma (OTC) was previously considered a variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) but has recently been reclassified as a separate form of thyroid cancer. This study aimed to demonstrate that FTC and OTC are fundamentally distinct entities that can potentially [...] Read more.
Background: Oncocytic thyroid carcinoma (OTC) was previously considered a variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) but has recently been reclassified as a separate form of thyroid cancer. This study aimed to demonstrate that FTC and OTC are fundamentally distinct entities that can potentially be differentiated preoperatively through cytology and/or molecular testing. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with FTC and OTC operated upon at two university health centers from January 2016 to September 2023 (n = 3219) was conducted. Molecular testing results were correlated with histopathologic diagnosis. Results: Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria. FTC was identified in 27 (54.0%) patients, and OTC in 23 (46.0%) patients. Patients with OTC were older (61.8 years) than FTC patients (51.2 years) (p = 0.013). Moreover, aggressive tumors were found in 39.1% (9/23) of OTCs compared to 11.1% (3/27) of FTCs (p = 0.021). Amongst Bethesda category III and IV nodules, 17 out of 20 (85.0%) OTC cytology reports demonstrated an oncocytic subtype compared to only 5 out of 24 FTC cytology reports (20.8%) (p = 0.002). On molecular testing, the EIF1AX alteration was exclusively present in OTCs while the PAX8/PPARy and PTEN alterations were exclusively found in FTCs. Copy number alterations (CNAs) were found to be more prevalent in OTC (66.7%) compared to FTC (33.3%), and they were not indicative of tumor aggressiveness. Within the OTC group, all three patients who had a TP53 alteration were diagnosed with aggressive cancer. Lastly, the OTCs exhibited a higher frequency of multiple alterations on molecular testing (66.7%) compared to FTCs (33.3%). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date comparing the clinical application of abnormalities found on molecular testing for FTC and OTC. It further demonstrates the distinct clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of OTC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management)
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Review

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20 pages, 6132 KiB  
Review
Cytology and Histology of Thyroid Nodules: Exploring Novel Insights in the Molecular Era for Enhanced Patient Management
by Beatrix Cochand-Priollet and Zahra Maleki
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(8), 7753-7772; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30080562 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4146
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made over the past decade in our understanding of thyroid cancers, encompassing histomorphology, cytology, and ancillary techniques, particularly molecular tests. As a result, it is now feasible to put forth a comprehensive histo/cytomolecular approach to treating these tumors, thereby [...] Read more.
Significant advancements have been made over the past decade in our understanding of thyroid cancers, encompassing histomorphology, cytology, and ancillary techniques, particularly molecular tests. As a result, it is now feasible to put forth a comprehensive histo/cytomolecular approach to treating these tumors, thereby offering patients treatments that are precisely tailored to their unique circumstances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management)
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18 pages, 733 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in the Surgical Management of Thyroid Cancer
by Boris Scheller, Dorian Culié, Gilles Poissonnet, Olivier Dassonville, Grégoire D’Andréa and Alexandre Bozec
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(5), 4787-4804; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30050361 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3728
Abstract
A growing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been reported in most developed countries, corresponding mainly to incidentally discovered small papillary thyroid carcinomas. Given the excellent prognosis of most patients with DTC, optimal therapeutic management, minimizing complications, and preserving patient quality of [...] Read more.
A growing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been reported in most developed countries, corresponding mainly to incidentally discovered small papillary thyroid carcinomas. Given the excellent prognosis of most patients with DTC, optimal therapeutic management, minimizing complications, and preserving patient quality of life are essential. Thyroid surgery has a central role in both the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with DTC. Thyroid surgery should be integrated into the global and multidisciplinary management of patients with DTC. However, the optimal surgical management of DTC patients is still controversial. In this review article, we discuss the recent advances and current debates in DTC surgery, including preoperative molecular testing, risk stratification, the extent of thyroid surgery, innovative surgical tools, and new surgical approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management)
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14 pages, 1021 KiB  
Review
Rationale Efficacy and Safety Evidence of Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab Association in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
by Laurys Boudin, Jean-Baptiste Morvan, Juliette Thariat, Denis Métivier, Pierre-Yves Marcy and David Delarbre
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(10), 7718-7731; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29100610 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are highly aggressive malignant tumors with poor overall prognosis despite multimodal therapy. As ATC are extremely rare, no randomized controlled study has been published for metastatic disease. Thyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, [...] Read more.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are highly aggressive malignant tumors with poor overall prognosis despite multimodal therapy. As ATC are extremely rare, no randomized controlled study has been published for metastatic disease. Thyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, are emerging drugs for ATC. Few studies have reported the efficacity of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib association, resulting in its frequent off-label use. In this review, we discuss rationale efficacy and safety evidence for the association of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in ATC. First, we discuss preclinical rationale for pembrolizumab monotherapy, lenvatinib monotherapy and synergistic action of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in the metastatic setting. We also discuss clinical evidence for immunotherapy and pembrolizumab in ATC through the analysis of studies evaluating immunotherapy, lenvatinib and pembrolizumab lenvatinib association in ATC. In addition, we discuss the safety of this association and potential predictive biomarkers of efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management)
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Other

7 pages, 2311 KiB  
Case Report
Internal Jugular Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Tricky Question for the Thyroid Surgeon
by Jean-Baptiste Morvan, Laurys Boudin, Denis Metivier, David Delarbre, Edouard Bouquillon, Juliette Thariat, Damien Pascaud and Pierre-Yves Marcy
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(12), 9235-9241; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120723 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2997
Abstract
Internal jugular vein tumor thrombus is an extremely rare condition in thyroid carcinoma, but it does exist. Correlated with greater aggressiveness with a higher incidence of distant metastases at diagnosis and a higher recurrence rate, this important prognostic element should be systematically investigated [...] Read more.
Internal jugular vein tumor thrombus is an extremely rare condition in thyroid carcinoma, but it does exist. Correlated with greater aggressiveness with a higher incidence of distant metastases at diagnosis and a higher recurrence rate, this important prognostic element should be systematically investigated by ultrasound operators in all patients presenting with thyroid carcinoma. The patient’s follow-up must be careful. This can be a trap that surgeons must look for in their preoperative checklist. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with an IJV thrombus associated with multiple bone metastases. She underwent successful surgical treatment, and postoperative pathology showed a poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and a tumor thrombus in the internal jugular vein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Special Novelties in Thyroid Oncology Management)
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