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The Role of Natural and Environmental Estrogens in Metabolic Regulation,...
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The Role of Natural and Environmental Estrogens in Metabolic Regulation, Inflammation and Advanced Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2021) | Viewed by 15343

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Edward J. Filardo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, The Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA
Interests: development of endocrine agents that target GPER; GPER mechanism of action; endocrine-disrupting agents; environmental estrogens

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

NCI SEER statistics report a 20% increase in the annual breast cancer incidence over the past twenty years. Metabolic syndrome defined by abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, are conditions that favor the progression of cancer, particularly cancers of the bowel and breast. Metabolic syndrome and its coherence to cancer is increasingly apparent during this time frame, and this trend will endure in the foreseeable future as the prevalence of obesity continues to rise. This trend is paralleled by an alarming increase in the rate of insulin resistance syndrome, which is more common in older people and will continue to increase as the population ages and becomes more obese. These pathophysiological conditions foster chronic inflammation and lead to the development of a “cold” tumor microenvironment, which drives cancer. It has become increasingly clear that metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation is not merely a function of genetics and Western diet and lifestyle but environmental pollutants; including persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, bisphenols, and phthalates, also pose as risk factors.

In this collection of articles in this Special Issue, attention is placed upon natural and synthetic estrogens as co-conspirators in metabolic disorder, chronic inflammation, and advanced cancer.

Prof. Dr. Edward J. Filardo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural and environmental estrogens
  • G-protein coupled estrogen receptor
  • metabolic syndrome
  • advanced cancer

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 1261 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Estrogens and Their Receptors on Immunity and Inflammation during Infection
by Alfred T. Harding and Nicholas S. Heaton
Cancers 2022, 14(4), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040909 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6779
Abstract
Sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, are steroid compounds with well-characterized effects on the coordination and development of vertebrate reproductive systems. Since their discovery, however, it has become clear that these “sex hormones” also regulate/influence a broad range of biological functions. In [...] Read more.
Sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, are steroid compounds with well-characterized effects on the coordination and development of vertebrate reproductive systems. Since their discovery, however, it has become clear that these “sex hormones” also regulate/influence a broad range of biological functions. In this review, we will summarize some current findings on how estrogens interact with and regulate inflammation and immunity. Specifically, we will focus on describing the mechanisms by which estrogens alter immune pathway activation, the impact of these changes during infection and the development of long-term immunity, and how different types of estrogens and their respective concentrations mediate these outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Natural and Environmental Estrogens in Metabolic Regulation, Inflammation and Advanced Cancer)
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31 pages, 11231 KiB  
Review
Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Chronic Inflammation and Breast Cancer
by Chandra K. Maharjan, Jiao Mo, Lei Wang, Myung-Chul Kim, Sameul Wang, Nicholas Borcherding, Praveen Vikas and Weizhou Zhang
Cancers 2022, 14(1), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010206 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4459
Abstract
The oncogenic role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in breast cancer has long been established. Interaction of estrogen with estrogen receptor (ER) in the nucleus activates genomic pathways of estrogen signaling. In contrast, estrogen interaction with the cell membrane-bound G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) [...] Read more.
The oncogenic role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in breast cancer has long been established. Interaction of estrogen with estrogen receptor (ER) in the nucleus activates genomic pathways of estrogen signaling. In contrast, estrogen interaction with the cell membrane-bound G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activates the rapid receptor-mediated signaling transduction cascades. Aberrant estrogen signaling enhances mammary epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis, hence is an important step towards breast cancer initiation and progression. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies also provide evidence for estrogen’s pro- or anti-inflammatory roles. As other articles in this issue cover classic ER and GPER signaling mediated by estrogen, this review will discuss the crucial mechanisms by which estrogen signaling influences chronic inflammation and how that is involved in breast cancer. Xenoestrogens acquired from plant diet or exposure to industrial products constantly interact with and alter innate estrogen signaling at various levels. As such, they can modulate chronic inflammation and breast cancer development. Natural xenoestrogens generally have anti-inflammatory properties, which is consistent with their chemoprotective role in breast cancer. In contrast, synthetic xenoestrogens are proinflammatory and carcinogenic compounds that can increase the risk of breast cancer. This article also highlights important xenoestrogens with a particular focus on their role in inflammation and breast cancer. Improved understanding of the complex relationship between estrogens, inflammation, and breast cancer will guide clinical research on agents that could advance breast cancer prevention and therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Natural and Environmental Estrogens in Metabolic Regulation, Inflammation and Advanced Cancer)
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28 pages, 1374 KiB  
Review
Targeting Estrogens and Various Estrogen-Related Receptors against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: A Perspective
by Radhashree Maitra, Parth Malik and Tapan Kumar Mukherjee
Cancers 2022, 14(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010080 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3502
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens [...] Read more.
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen—ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR—mediated activation of various cell signaling molecules regulates NSCLC cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. This article sheds light on the most recent achievements in the elucidation of sequential biochemical events in estrogen-activated cell signaling pathways involved in NSCLC severity with insight into the mechanism of regulation by ERs/GPERs/EGFRs/ERRs. It further discusses the success of anti-estrogen therapies against NSCLCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Natural and Environmental Estrogens in Metabolic Regulation, Inflammation and Advanced Cancer)
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