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Cancers
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Novel Treatments for Ocular and Periocular Cancers
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Novel Treatments for Ocular and Periocular Cancers

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1416

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vidhya R. Rao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Department, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Interests: ocular; ophthalmology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocular cancers, though rare, affect patients in all age groups, significantly affecting their vision and survival. Thus, understanding ocular cancers is vital for effective management of the disease. Ocular cancers affect almost every structure of the eye and manifest in various tissues, ranging from intraocular tumors, including retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma, to tumors affecting the ocular surface, such as conjunctival and lacrimal gland carcinomas, as well as orbital tumors. Further, ocular tumors can be primary in nature arising from ocular tissue such as the retinoblastoma or metastasized from distant organs including lymphomas. Given the complexity and diversity of cancers affecting the eye and the stake of losing vision, treating ocular cancers has demanded specialized expertise and advancement in ocular cancer targeted treatments as well as diagnosis. In this Special Issue dedicated to ocular cancers, we request cancer researchers to share their invaluable work to bring together a comprehensive body of research that reflects the current status and advances made in understanding of pathology, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular cancers to benefit both our scientific and non-scientific readers.

Dr. Vidhya R. Rao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ocular cancer
  • intraocular tumor
  • retinoblastoma
  • uveal melanoma

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2112 KiB  
Article
Intra-Arterial Melphalan Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma in a Developing Nation: Real-World Outcomes and Prognostic Factors
by Yacoub A. Yousef, Mona Mohammad, Odai Al-Jabari, Farah Halawa, Lama Al-Fahoum, Hadeel Halalsheh, Jakub Khzouz, Maysa Al-Hussaini, Imad Jaradat, Mustafa Mehyar, Robert Rejdak, Mario Damiano Toro, Hazem Haboob and Ibrahim Al-Nawaiseh
Cancers 2025, 17(12), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17121955 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 527
Abstract
Background: Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is increasingly useful for treating intraocular retinoblastoma (Rb). It offers targeted delivery of chemotherapy with reduced systemic exposure. In this study, we evaluate management outcomes and identify predictive factors for globe salvage following IAC in children with Rb. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is increasingly useful for treating intraocular retinoblastoma (Rb). It offers targeted delivery of chemotherapy with reduced systemic exposure. In this study, we evaluate management outcomes and identify predictive factors for globe salvage following IAC in children with Rb. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 eyes of 20 melphalan-based IAC-treated patients (67 sessions) between 2015 and 2023 in a tertiary cancer center (King Hussein Cancer Center) in Jordan. Data collection included patients’ demographics, tumor staging, eye salvage, complications, and survival, followed by statistical comparisons between eye salvage rates and clinical factors. Results: The median age of IAC initiation was 38 months (range: 6–78 months). IAC was used as a primary treatment in 35% (7/20) of eyes and as a secondary treatment following systemic chemotherapy in 65% (13/20) of eyes. Nineteen (95%) eyes showed initial tumor regression, 15 (75%) eyes showed short term tumor control, and long-term eye salvage was achieved in 11 (55%) eyes. Poor prognostic factors for eye salvage included advanced tumor stage (Group D/E: 43% salvage rate vs. Group C: 83%; p = 0.047), vitreous seeding at the time of IAC (38% with seeding vs. 75% without; p = 0.046), use of IAC as a secondary rather than a primary treatment (46% vs. 71%; p = 0.047), and the need for >3 IAC cycles (20% success with >3 cycles vs. 67% with ≤3 cycles; p = 0.034). Complications were notable: systemic adverse effects were seen in five (25%) patients, including neutropenia (20%) and bronchospasm (6%). Procedure-related complications were seen with 22% of injections, including failure of the procedure (7%), ophthalmic artery spasm (6%), and intra-procedural stroke (3%). Five (25%) eyes developed ocular complications, including vitreous hemorrhage (15%), retinal detachment (10%), optic atrophy (10%), and retinal or choroidal ischemia (10%). Notably, all infants under 12 months of age (4/4) developed complications, including the two events of stroke. At a median follow-up of 60 months, eye salvage was achieved in 11 (55%) eyes, and none of the 9 (45%) enucleated eyes showed high-risk pathological features. There was no orbital recurrence, and one (5%) child developed CNS metastasis and passed away. Conclusion: IAC achieves long-term globe salvage in 55% of Rb cases; however, outcomes are poorer with Group D/E tumors, vitreous seeds, prior IVC failure, or requiring >3 IAC cycles. While reducing systemic chemotherapy toxicity, IAC carries significant risks of vision- and life-threatening complications. Infants and single-eyed patients require particularly cautious consideration. Though IAC remains crucial for globe preservation, optimal implementation demands improved patient selection criteria, multicenter collaboration, and long-term outcome studies to maximize safety and efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Treatments for Ocular and Periocular Cancers)
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12 pages, 1941 KiB  
Article
Breast Cancer Orbital Metastases: Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics, Imaging Features, and Disease-Related Survival in a Multicentric Retrospective Case Series
by Sofia Peschiaroli, Adriana Iuliano, Giovanni Cuffaro, Francesco M. Quaranta Leoni, Tommaso Tartaglione, Monica Maria Pagliara, Maria Grazia Sammarco, Carmela Grazia Caputo, Angela Santoro, Matteo Barchitta, Vittoria Lanni, Diego Strianese and Gustavo Savino
Cancers 2025, 17(11), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111875 - 3 Jun 2025
Viewed by 443
Abstract
Background: This study aims to analyze the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features, as well as the long-term follow-up, of patients with breast carcinoma orbital metastases. Methods: The study was a multicentric retrospective observational case series. The medical records of 32 female [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to analyze the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features, as well as the long-term follow-up, of patients with breast carcinoma orbital metastases. Methods: The study was a multicentric retrospective observational case series. The medical records of 32 female patients affected by breast carcinoma orbital metastases referred to three tertiary referral centers from January 2016 to December 2023 were reviewed. The demographic characteristics of the population, clinical ophthalmological presentation, histological features, orbital metastasis latency, disease-related survival (DRS), and mortality rate were analyzed. Results: The median age of the patients was 62.50 years (interquartile range (IQR): 74.50–57.50). The prevalent histotype of the orbital metastases of breast cancer was lobular carcinoma (75.00% of cases). The median orbital metastasis latency time was 39.50 months (IQR: 134.00–10.25). The median disease-related survival (DRS) during the observational period was 35 months, and the 24-month survival rate was 70.73%. The overall mortality rate in our population was 50%. Conclusions: The most frequent histotype of breast cancer orbital metastasis is lobular carcinoma. The primary tumor precedes the onset of orbital metastasis in most cases and usually presents as a mass occupying space and infiltrating the orbit. Orbital metastases are a sign of an advanced stage of the disease, which has a high mortality rate and a low DRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Treatments for Ocular and Periocular Cancers)
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