Diagnosis, Staging, and Management for Gynecologic Oncology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1012

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
National Research Institute of Oncology Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
Interests: cervical cancer; tumors; ovarian cancer; cancer; oncology; multivariate analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, "Diagnosis, Staging, and Management for Gynecologic Oncology", provides an opportunity to present articles on clinical and translational research, retrospective analysis, or review types of articles in a wide range of aspects related to gynecological malignancies.

Significant progress in the field of cancer biology has made it possible to supplement traditional criteria for histopathological diagnosis with additional ones, e.g., those related to persistent HPV infections or the pool of molecular risk factors, which is growing along with research results, e.g., in endometrial and ovarian cancers. A comprehensive characterization of the individual patient's tumor is currently essential, primarily for the qualification for adjuvant treatment in operated patients and for the assessment of prognosis, which in turn may affect the scope of follow-up.

Modern imaging methods significantly facilitate the assessment of the advancement of reproductive organ cancer, qualification for treatment, e.g., surgery, radio(chemo)therapy or induction systemic treatment, and also provide important information of prognostic significance.

Updated cancer staging systems, e.g., the 2023 FIGO classification of endometrial cancer, allow for better definition of risk groups and thus facilitate the selection of the appropriate treatment method.

The treatment of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive organs is a very broad topic. We encourage you to submit articles on modern radiation therapy (including brachytherapy) both as a stand-alone treatment and combined with systemic treatment, as well as an adjuvant treatment, especially (but not only) for vulvar and vaginal cancers. The treatment of these rare cancers is often problematic in clinical practice. Examples of other topics worth presenting include HPV-independent cervical cancer (put aside a bit), unplanned breaks in radiotherapy and use of the L–Q model formula with changing radiation dose fractionation parameters, radioresistance, repeated irradiation with the intention of radical treatment, and late effects of previous irradiation such as post-radiation cancers or sequelae of post-radiation osteoporosis.

Dr. Malgorzata Klimek
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gynecologic oncology
  • cancer biology
  • HPV infection
  • molecular risk factors
  • translational medicine
  • cancer staging systems
  • radiation therapy
  • brachytherapy
  • radioresistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

18 pages, 4646 KiB  
Review
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: An Update
by Giulio Ricotta, Silvio Andrea Russo, Anna Fagotti, Alejandra Martinez, Elodie Gauroy, Mathilde Del, Valentin Thibaud, Bataillon Guillaume and Gwenaël Ferron
Cancers 2025, 17(11), 1893; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111893 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 661
Abstract
Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare malignant tumor of uterine mesenchyme, accounting for 15–20% of uterine sarcomas. It is classified into low-grade (LG-ESS) and high-grade (HG-ESS) subtypes, each defined by distinct histopathological and molecular features. LG-ESS exhibits slow progression, resembling proliferative-phase endometrial [...] Read more.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare malignant tumor of uterine mesenchyme, accounting for 15–20% of uterine sarcomas. It is classified into low-grade (LG-ESS) and high-grade (HG-ESS) subtypes, each defined by distinct histopathological and molecular features. LG-ESS exhibits slow progression, resembling proliferative-phase endometrial stroma, with genetic alterations like JAZF1-SUZ12 fusions. HG-ESS is more aggressive, characterized by high mitotic activity, necrosis, and genetic markers such as BCOR internal tandem duplication, often leading to advanced-stage diagnosis. Surgical resection is the cornerstone for managing early-stage ESS. A total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is recommended to prevent recurrence. Fertility-preserving approaches may be considered in LG-ESS but are associated with high recurrence rates. Lymphadenectomy is not routinely performed, given its limited prognostic value. HG-ESS, due to its aggressiveness, often requires additional treatment, including chemotherapy. Adjuvant therapy varies by subtype. LG-ESS responds well to hormonal treatments such as aromatase inhibitors and progestins, while tamoxifen is contraindicated. HG-ESS, lacking hormonal receptor expression, is managed with chemotherapy, often incorporating doxorubicin-based regimens. Radiotherapy may improve local control in select cases but shows limited impact on overall survival. Advanced-stage ESS treatment focuses on complete cytoreduction, supplemented by systemic therapies. Hormonal therapy remains the standard for advanced LG-ESS, whereas HG-ESS relies on chemotherapy. Prognosis depends on the subtype and stage. LG-ESS has favorable outcomes, with five-year survival exceeding 90% in early stages, but recurrent disease remains common. HG-ESS is associated with poorer survival due to its aggressive nature. Advances in molecular profiling offer promising avenues for personalized therapies, integrating genomic insights with targeted treatments to improve outcomes in this rare malignancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Staging, and Management for Gynecologic Oncology)
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